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Vaginal Carriage of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women in Rural Areas in Senegal

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第3期13卷 207-219页

作者： Babacar Ndiaye Fatoumata Diene Sarr Mam Coumba Diouf Rokhaya Diop Hamidou Thiam Mohamed Abass Yugo Rose Mbaye amadou alpha sall Cheikh Loucoubar Abdoulaye Seck Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Epidemiology Clinical Research and Data Science Unit Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Virology Unit Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Vaginal carriage of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a maternal and child health issue. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of GBS carriage;identify the factors associated with this carriage and determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains. We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study in rural Senegal (in the health district of Sokone). Socio-demographic, clinical and gynaeco-obstetrical data were collected. Vaginal swabs were taken by the midwives on specific settings in order to test for GBS and other High Risk Vaginal Bacteria (HRVB). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to the recommendations of the CA SFM/EUCAST 2020. In total, 100 pregnant women were targeted and 97 pregnant women were included. Their age ranged from 18 to 40 years with 64.9% (63/97) of participants belonging to the “20 - 30” age group. The overall prevalence of Group B Streptococcus carriage was 15.5% (15/97). However, the proportion of women with at least one high risk infectious bacteria was 29.89% (29/97). No statistically significant differences were found between GBS carriage and the potential factors studied. However, the study also looked for the presence of other high-risk bacteria and coinfections were indeed found between GBS and E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing shows that GBS strains were fully susceptible to penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and vancomycin. Sensitivities to norfloxacin and gentamycin were 73.3% and 86.7% respectively. In contrast, high resistance to tetracycline (86.7%) was observed. GBS carriage remains a major public health issue because of its consequences for the mother and the newborn. Correct screening and proper monitoring of strain susceptibility remain one of the most effective means of patient management and care.

关键词： Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) Vaginal Carriage Antibiotic Susceptibility Senegal

Risk Factors for COVID-19 Related Death during the First Three Waves of the Pandemic in an Epidemic Treatment Center at Dakar, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 117-131页

作者： Moustapha Diop Papa Samba Ba Viviane Marie Pierre Cisse Ndèye Aissatou Lakhe Betty Fall Moustapha Lo Ndong Essomba Bruce Wembulua Fatimata Wone Becaye Fall Khardiata Diallo-Mbaye Daye Ka Louise Fortes Ousmane Faye Ndongo Dia Khalifa Ababacar Wade Abdou Rajack Ndiaye amadou alpha sall Moussa Seydi Mame Thierno Dieng Epidemic Treatment Center Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department FANN Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal Psychiatry Department Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Internal Medicine Department Deido District Hospital Douala Cameroon Dalal Jamm Hospital Dakar Senegal Federation of Laboratories Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Anesthesia-Resuscitation Department Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction-Objective: COVID-19 is a highly transmissible but often mild viral infection. However, some patients can present severe COVID-19 and subsequently die. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors for COVID-19 related death during the first three waves of the disease at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of Dakar Principal Hospital (DPH). Method: We conducted a descriptive and analytical perspective survival study from April 4, 2020 to September 25, 2021, including adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalized at the ETC of DPH. Log Rank test and multivariate Cox model were performed to identify risk factors for death. Results: We included 556 COVID-19 patients with mean age of 57 ± 17 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.26. The number of deaths during one month of follow-up was 41, representing a cumulative risk of 7.4%. The log Rank test showed that being from the third wave (p = 0.0056), advanced age (p = 0.00098), presence of at least one comorbidity (p = 0.034), High blood pressure (p = 0.024), d-dimer level ≥ 1000 IU/L (p Conclusion: Our study showed that elderly and third-wave of COVID-19 patients were more at risk to die. Knowledge of risk factors for COVID-19 related death could improve the prognosis of these patients.

关键词： COVID-19 Waves Death Risk Factors Dakar

Barriers to Utilization of Postnatal Care: A Qualitative Study in Guinea

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第4期11卷 391-402页

作者： Mamadou Dioulde Balde Aissatou Diallo Anne Marie Soumah alpha Oumar sall Boubacar alpha Diallo Fanta Barry amadou Oury Touré alpha amadou Barry Sadan Camara Center for Research in Reproductive Health/Cellule de recherche en santé de la reproduction en Guinée (CERREGUI) Conakry Guinée University Hospital Donka Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Conakry Guinea

Maternal mortality remains very high in developing countries. In Guinea, it is 550 maternal deaths in 100.000 living birth. More than half of these deaths occur in the postpartum period. Hence the interests to have a better understanding of the factors that hinder the realization of post-natal care (PNC) arise. It is for this reason that the objective of this study is to identify barriers to the use of post-natal care in Guinea. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in the prefectures of Kindia and Dubréka, in the Administrative Region of Kindia (Guinea) in April and May 2014. Fourteen focus group discussions of women and girls of the community, as well as fifteen individual in-depth interviews (9 with women and 6 with healthcare providers). Results: Most women do their PNC during their child vaccination or in case of postpartum complications. Financial constraints are the main barrier to using postnatal care identified by participants. In general, distance from the health center associated with lack of transport mean and insufficient staffs are factors related to the health system. In addition, poor reception of clients, women’s experience during childbirth, poor programming for PNC as well as the lack of trust and confidentiality between clients and health care providers are the barriers related to health p

关键词： Barriers Postnatal Consultation Maternal Mortality Guinea

Women’s Knowledge and Attitudes about Complications during Pregnancy and Childbirth in Guinea

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第10期11卷 1291-1305页

作者： Mamadou Dioulde Balde Aissatou Diallo amadou Oury Touré Anne Marie Soumah alpha Oumar sall Sadan Camara Ousmane Balde Ramata Diallo alpha amadou Barry Center for Research in Reproductive Health in Guinea/Cellule de Recherche en Santé de la Reproduction en Guinée (CERREGUI) Conakry Guinea CHU Donka Clinique de Gynécologie et Obstétrique Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem in the world. Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the main causes of maternal mortality in low-income countries. It is estimated that 15% of deaths are related to these complications. Studies have shown that women have little or no acquaintance on sign danger and complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Limited literature exists on women’s knowledge and attitudes about pregnancy and childbirth’s complications as well as the barriers for their management, therefore necessity to carry out this study. Objective: To explore women’s knowledge and attitudes in the community about complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Method: A qualitative study was conducted in three prefectures of Guinea. Eighteen focus groups were conducted with women of reproductive age living in urban and rural areas. Results: Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are common among pregnant women in Guinea. Many women have knowledge about various sorts of complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. These complications were mostly vaginal bleeding, abortions and maternal mortality. The use of a health facility in ca

关键词： Complications Pregnancy Childbirth Knowledge Attitude Guinea

Improvement of the Firework Algorithm for Classification Problems

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Journal of Cyber Security 2020年第4期2卷 191-196页

作者： Yu Xue Sow alpha amadou Yan Zhao School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

Attracted numerous analysts’consideration,classification is one of the primary issues in Machine *** evolutionary algorithms(EAs)were utilized to improve their global search *** the previous years,many scientists have attempted to tackle this issue,yet regardless of the endeavors,there are still a few *** on solving the classification problem,this paper introduces a new optimization classification model,which can be applied to the majority of evolutionary computing(EC)*** algorithm(FWA)is one of the EC methods,Although the Firework algorithm(FWA)is a proficient algorithm for solving complex optimization *** proficient of the FWA isn't fulfilled when being utilized for solving the classification *** this paper we previously proposed optimization classification model according to the classification *** that point we legitimately utilize the model with FWA to solve the classification ***,to investigate the performance of our model,we select 4 datasets in the experiments,and the results indicate that an improved FWA can upgrade the classification accuracy by using this model.

关键词： Swarm intelligence algorithm firework algorithm evolutionary algorithm classification

Epidemiological, Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Followed-Up at the University Hospital of Conakry, Guinea

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第10期10卷 256-265页

作者： Djenabou Diallo Kadiatou Diallo alpha Mamadou Diallo Mamadou Mansour Diallo Thierno amadou Wann amadou Diouldé Doumbouya Ousmane Sow Youssouf Baldé alpha amadou Sank Dillo Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Donka Conakry Guinea Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases University Hospital of Donka Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Very little information is available in Guinea on chronic hepatitis B infections. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and biological features of patients who are chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out from January 2017 to May 2020, based on the medical records of patients seen via consultation or hospitalized with a record of positive HBs antigen for more than 6 months. Clinical and paraclinical data were collected and analyzed. Results: Seven hundred and sixteen patients with a mean age of 35.6 ± 12.2 (sex ratio 2.05), were included. The HBs antigen was discovered incidentally in 36% of cases (n = 258). A history of dental care and surgical procedures was found in 46.3% (n = 290) and 21.1% (n = 138) of cases, respectively. The median value of ALAT enzymes was 34 (21 - 47) IU/L. HBeAg was positive in 20.8% (n = 55/265) of cases. The median B viral load was 458.5 (87 - 3827) IU/ml and 29% (n = 94) of patients had a viral load over 2000 IU/ml. Anti-HCV antibody was present in 10.4 % of cases (n = 39/374). HIV serology was positive in 2.7% (n = 8/298). A total of 19.4% (n = 139) of the patients had cirrhosis and 4.5% (n = 32) had hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion:

Case Report: A Severe Hypernatremia with Multiple Organ Failure, about a Clinical Observation

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2017年第1期7卷 19-23页

作者： alpha Oumar Bah Mamadou Cellou Balde amadou Bah alpha Oumar Barry Departement of Nephrology Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Departement of Nephrology-Hemodialysis Chiva Hospital Foix Cedex France Departement of Diabetology Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Departement of Reanimation Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

A hypernatremia severity is often associated with a poor prognosis, especially if it is associated with multiple organ failure. In a country with very limited resources, the prognosis may be favorable in the absence of renal replacement. We report the case of a 63 years old woman, hypertensive and diabetic, admitted to the ICU for unconsciousness. Clinically, neurological examination notes a Glasgow of 8/15 (Y2, V2, M4) and a left hemiplegia. Temperature was 39°C. Diuresis was 100 ml during the first 24 hours. Blood pressure was 90/60 mmHg, tachycardia at 133/min. Cardiac auscultation is normal. Vascular axes were weakly perceptible. Oxygen saturation was 95%. The skin examination notes a dry skin and mucous membranes, a flattening of the superficial veins, sunken eyes and a persistent skin fold. There is no hepatomegaly or splenomegaly, or jaundice. Biological point of view note natremia: 176 mmol/L;osmolarity: 390 mosmol/kg;creatinin: 300 μmol/L;glycemia > 6 g/L;transaminases 217 UI. Diagnostics: malignant hypernatremia with a high plasma osmolarity associated with an acute anuric renal failure, hydro electrolytic disorders, an abnormal liver function, a fever of central origin and a stroke. The treatment consisted of a correction of the electrolyte disorders by infusion of isotonic and hypotonic fluids with insulin. In a country with very limited resources, the severe hypernatremia prognosis associated with anuric acute renal failure may be favorable in the absence of renal replacement.

关键词： Hypernatremia Hyperosmolar Coma Multiple Organ Failure Acute Renal Failure Diabetes

Epidemiological Approach to Understand Rheumatic Heart Valve Disease: Case of Thoracic Cardiovascular Clinic of Fann Hospital (Dakar)

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2020年第10期10卷 750-760页

作者： Marie Parsine sall Fatimata Mbaye Mbacké Sembéne amadou Gabriel Ciss Département de Biologie Animale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement Campus Bel-Air Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et D’odontologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

Objective: Rheumatic heart disease is the major cause of heart valve disease in developing countries. In Senegal, cardiac pathology is dominated by rheumatic pathology whose hospital prevalence was estimated at 0.15% [1]. Epidemiological data on rheumatic heart valve disease (RHVD) are unfortunately imprecise due to the lack of good quality data collection in a large number of countries, especially in sub-Saharan areas and in Central Asia. The objective of this epidemiological study is to collect data about rheumatic heart valve disease in our clinic which is the only surgical center of Senegal. Patients and Methods: Our study conducted between 2014 and 2017 involved a population of one hundred and eighty-three patients with complete medical records, all followed at the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic at Fann Hospital for rheumatic valve disease. This population was the subject of an epidemiological survey based on a questionnaire covering clinical parameters as consanguinity, clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical intervention. Results: Our work is an epidemiological study involving one hundred and eighty-three (183) patients with various types of rheumatic valve disease, followed at the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic at Fann Hospital, and who responded to a questionnaire about clinical aspects of this disease. Our results showed 5.46% of family cases, of which 2.18% came from consanguineous marriages. Mean age at onset of clinical signs was 14 ± 9 years with 14.20% before 6 years of age, 65.91% between

关键词： Rheumatic Valves Epidemiological Diagnosis Surgery

Factors Associated with the Continuum of Prenatal Care in the Post-Ebola Context in Guinea

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第2期12卷 207-220页

作者： Anne Marie Soumah Mamadou Dioulde Balde Bienvenu Salim Camara Karifa Kourouma Aissatou Diallo alpha Oumar sall amadou Oury Toure Ramata Diallo Sadan Camara Ibrahima Sory Cherif Center for Research in Reproductive Health in Guinea (CERREGUI) Conakry Guinea National Center for Training and Research in Rural Health of Maferinyah Forecariah Guinea University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry Conakry Guinea

Background: The 2018 demographic and health survey reports low coverage in the continuum of antenatal care over the period 2013 to 2018. However, little remains known about this indicator since the Ebola epidemic crisis was over. This epidemic has been reported to decrease utilization of maternal health services. This study aims to determine the coverage and factors associated with four or more antenatal care visits in Guinea in the post-Ebola context. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the most recent (2018) Guinea Demographic and Health Survey. Women aged 15 to 49 years constituted our study population. Our sample included women who had their most recent birth over the last 24 months preceding data collection and whether or not they had performed 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits. Factors associated with performing four or more antenatal visits were assessed through a multivariate logistic regression analysis using Stata software version 15.1. The final model was constructed using the bottom-up stepwise method. Hosmer and Leeshawn’s goodness-of-fit test was used for model specification. Results: Among the 2634 women in the sample, 41% had four or more ANC visits. Factors associated with attending four or more ANC visits included education level, poverty quintile and region. Women with a secondary or higher education were 44% more likely to attend four or more ANC visits (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = [1.07 - 1.92]. Those whose spouses had secondary or education level were 1.66 times more likely to attend four or more ANC visits. Women from moderately wealthy households were 76% more likely to attend four or more ANC visits (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = [1.30 - 2.39]. Women from wealthier households were 2.52 times more likely to attend four or more ANC visits (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = [1.30 - 2.39]). Women living in Boké and Nzérékoré regions were 44% and 47% less likely to attend four or more ANC visits, respectively (OR = 0.56, IC 95% = [0.35 - 0.94]) and (

关键词： Associated Factors Antenatal Care Post-Ebola Guinea