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Challenges and Motivating Factors of Orthodontic Treatment among Patients Attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital

Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第6期14卷 291-308页

作者： ama a.yeibea.amuasi Kwaku Owusu-Ansah The Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics School of Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Background: Orthodontic treatment poses challenges such as discomfort, aesthetic concerns, dietary restrictions, time commitment, and financial considerations for patients. These challenges can deter individuals from pursuing treatment or cause anxiety during the process. However, patients are motivated by the desire to improve their appearance, boost self-confidence, and enhance oral health. They also value the long-term benefits of treatment, including improved dental function and overall well-being. Professional recommendations from dentists and orthodontists, along with social support from family and friends, further encourage patients to undergo treatment. Understanding these challenges and motivating factors is crucial for orthodontic professionals to tailor treatment plans and ensure positive experiences and successful outcomes for their patients. Objective: To determine the challenges and motivating factors of orthodontic treatment among patients attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Method: The study was conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, with a sample size of 60 orthodontic patients. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. Ethical approval was obtained, and the findings were shared with stakeholders. Results: Findings showed a higher representation of females (63.3%) seeking orthodontic treatment. Common motivations for seeking orthodontic treatment included aesthetic Concerns (38.2%), misaligned teeth (28.1%) and recommendation from dentist (19.2%). Challenges reported included pain and discomfort (36.7%), difficulty chewing (15%), expensive treatment (14.4%) and missed appointments (11.7%). Factors motivating treatment continuation were visible improvements (30%), achieving optimal results (23%), reducing pain and discomfort (17%). External influences, such as family pressure, also played a role. Patients appreciated the support of healthcare providers during treatment but

关键词： Orthodontic Treatment Aesthetics Motivation Chewing Cross-Sectional Design

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Knowledge and Attitudes of Knust Pre-Clinical Dental Students towards Orthodontic Treatment

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： ama a.yeibea.amuasi ama B. Yeboah Daniel K. Sabbah The Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Background: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-being. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large number having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

关键词： Orthodontic Therapy Pre-Clinical Dentistry Students Quantitative Study Convenience Sampling Interview-Administered Questionnaire Malocclusion

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Knowledge and the Attitude on the Use of Mouthwash among Two Selected Senior High Schools in Kumasi

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第5期14卷 218-234页

作者： ama a.yeibea.amuasi Kwame A. Koranteng Joseph Abu-Sakyi The Department Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Community Dentistry School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACKGROUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. Oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwash by adolescents can be a beneficial adjunct to their oral hygiene routine, providing additional protection against dental diseases and promoting fresher breath. Overuse or misuse of mouthwash, particularly those containing alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients, may lead to adverse effects such as oral mucosal irritation, dry mouth, or alteration of the oral microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and use of mouthwash among senior high school students in Kumasi. METHODOLOGY: 120 students responded to a standard questionnaire by a convenient sample technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 and MS Excel were used for data management and analysis. The results of the study were presented using tables, bar charts, and pie chart. RESULTS: The ages of the respondents ranged from 14 to 20 years. Out of the 120 participants, 71 students that represent 59.2% of the total, used mouthwash. Majority of the participants (63%) utilized a mouthwash after brushing their teeth. 49% of the participants reported using mouthwash to address halitosis, 37% used it to combat periodontal disease, and 10% used it for relief from a sore throat. CONCLUSION: In general, most of the participants who use mouthwash had excellent knowledge and a positive attitude toward the use of mouthwash.

关键词： Oral Cavity Mouthwash Plaque Biofilm Gingivitis Convenient Sampling

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Parental Knowledge of Pre-Hospital Management of Avulsed Permanent Tooth in Children at Kath

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 87-102页

作者： ama a.yeibea.amuasi Samuel K. Addo Solomon Obiri-Yeboah Department of Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, KATH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the knowledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at KATH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possibility of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation before seeking professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study indicate that parental knowledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive public educational campaigns.

关键词： Parental Knowledge Tooth Avulsion Pre-Hospital Management Permanent Tooth

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Prevalence of Dental Anomalies among Patients Who Report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital’s Orthodontic Clinic

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 103-117页

作者： ama a.yeibea.amuasi Daniel K. Sabbah Alexander Oti-Achempong Rahman N. Mamah The Department Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACKGROUND: Dental anomalies are variations from the established well-known general anatomy and morphology of the tooth as a result of disturbances during tooth formation. They can be developmental, congenital, or acquired and may be localized to a single tooth or involve systemic conditions. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in patients who report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) dental clinics. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used with a sample size of 92 patients aged 18 or older, obtained through convenience sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS: The study included 92 patients aged 18 to 72 years, with 47.8% males and 52.2% females. Dental anomalies were observed in 51.1% of participants, with a higher prevalence in females (55.3%). The most common anomalies were diastema (48.3%), impacted teeth (22.0%), dilaceration (11.9%), and peg-shaped lateral teeth (6.8%). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of conducting thorough dental examinations to identify and address dental anomalies, which may have implications for treatment. Early detection and correction of these anomalies are crucial to prevent future complications.

关键词： Dental Anomalies Prevalence Impacted Teeth Dilaceration

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The Oral Health Status of Person with Special Needs in Kumasi

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 14-31页

作者： ama a.yeibea.amuasi Alexander Oti-Acheampong Victoria N. A. Boadu Lord J. J. Gowans The Department Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Community Dentistry School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Background: The most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide is oral health-related disease, with dental caries and periodontal conditions being common. Oral health status significantly impacts overall health and quality of life. Barriers to dental care affect children with special needs. This study evaluates the oral health status and treatment requirements of people with special needs. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study in Kumasi, Ghana examined oral health status among people, 121 children with special needs over two months, in June-July 2022. Dental caries, periodontal changes, malocclusion, and trauma were assessed. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The oral health status among people with special needs in this study was generally moderate, with a range from very good to very poor. The prevalence of dental caries was 37%, with a mean DMFT score of 2.82. Periodontal health showed unsatisfactory indicators such as mobile teeth, poor gingival health, high plaque scores, and the presence of halitosis. Conclusion: This descriptive study aimed to provide baseline data on the oral health status of special needs students in Kumasi, addressing the lack of knowledge in this area. It highlighted the importance of dental care in maintaining good oral health and overall well-being in individuals with special needs. Coordinated efforts by dental professionals are needed to provide dental health education and preventive interventions for these children.

关键词： Special Needs Oral Health Dental Caries Periodontal Diseases Malocclusion

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When Fleeing Matters:Differences in Escape Behaviours of Three Northeast Asian Anurans

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第1期15卷 41-48页

作者： Yoonjung YI Zoljargal PUREVDORJ Irina MASLOVA Yikweon JANG amaël BORZÉE Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation College of Life SciencesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Division of EcoScience and Department of Life Sciences Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760Republic of Korea Department of Biology School of MathematicsMongolian State University of EducationUlaanbaatar 210648Mongolia Department of Forest and Environmental Resources Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia

Prey species may have their own optimal escape strategy to balance predation risks and the energetic cost of *** species have an advantage when maintaining a short fleeing distance,while others may favour an earlier escape based on microhabitat,size,or body ***,we examined the escape behaviour of the three syntopic Northeast Asian anuran species:Mongolian toads(Strauchbufo raddei),Amur brown frogs(Rana amurensis),and Japanese treefrogs(Dryophytes japonicus)in Mongolia,Russia,China and DPR *** examined flight initiation distance(FID;the distance from a potential predator to the point when the individual starts to flee)and distance fled(DF;distance between flight initiation and flight termination points)of each species and the effects of microhabitat,sex,and body *** raddei and *** had a longer FID than ***,and *** also had a longer DF than *** trends remained similar when dividing FID and DF by a size proxy(snout-vent length)for all *** suggests that the treefrog *** used a strategy to stay immobile even when they were detected,and the toad *** reacted quicker and more sensitively to predators despite the presence of *** *** had a significantly longer FID than males suggesting that females are more sensitive to predation risk in this species,but body size was not significant for any of the three *** results indicate that the three sympatric species have different escaping strategies,likely related to differences in physiology and crypticity.

关键词： amphibian distance fled escape behaviour flight initiation distance predation

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Association of Squatting Activities of Pregnant Women during the Antenatal Period and Labor Outcomes

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 278-294页

作者： Sharada Manoj Aruna Siriwardena Pulukkuttige ama Madhushani Perera Janakie Karunasingha Ward 18 Colombo South Teaching Hospital Kalubowila Sri Lanka

Aim: To investigate impact of antenatal squatting activities on labour outcomes. Methods: All eligible primigravida women, with singleton cephalic fetuses, who presented to ward 18 of Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka, during the period 1st of February to 28th of May 2017 were invited into the study. Those who were already in active stage of labor (at least more than two moderate contractions per 10 minutes) on admission were excluded. Demographic data such as age, ethnicity, religion, educational level, occupation, latrine type in use, and booking Body mass index (BMI) were collected via an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data related to labor (modified Bishop score at onset of active labor, labor augmentation, pain relief, labor duration, mode of delivery, episiotomy or tears) and neonatal outcome (birth weight, APGAR score at 1, 5, 10 minutes) were collected from delivery notes. A pre tested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding routine squatting activities during the previous 6 months. Pain visual analogue scale was used on day after delivery to assess the degree of labour pain. Duration of each squatting activity per day and number of days engaged with the activity per week;were used to calculate total squatting hours per week. In the absence of an accepted threshold for adequate squatting, we employed the sample mean as an operational data-driven threshold to define “more” against “less” squatting activities. Women who did not have squatting activities were considered as the controls. We used chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests to compare characteristics and outcomes between those engaging in more and less levels of squatting activity. We fitted a series of logistic regression models with each dichotomized outcome as the dependent variable, more/less squatting activity as the main independent variable of interest, and age, gestation period, BMI and patient’s occupation as covariates. The resulting adjusted od

关键词： Antenatal Squatting Labor Outcomes

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Effects of thermal fluctuations on the Kerr–Newman–NUT–AdS black hole

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第8期73卷 114-123页

作者： M Sharif Qanitah ama-Tul-Mughani Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahore-54590Pakistan

This paper is devoted to studying the impact of thermal fluctuations on thermodynamics of rotating as well as charged anti-de Sitter black holes with the Newman–Unti–Tamburino(NUT)*** this end,we derive the analytic expression of thermodynamic variables,namely the Hawking temperature,volume,angular velocity,and entropy within the limits of extended phase *** variables meet the first law of thermodynamics as well as the Smarr relation in the presence of new NUT *** analyze the effects of quantum fluctuations,we derive the exact expression of corrected entropy,which yields modification in other thermodynamical equations of *** local stability and phase transition of the considered black hole are also examined through specific *** is found that the NUT parameter increases the stability of small black holes,while the logarithmic corrections induce instability in the system.

关键词： black hole thermal fluctuations thermodynamics NUT parameter

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Etiology, Prevalence, and Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Injuries in Children at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi-Ghana

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2023年第8期13卷 243-255页

作者： Robert Nii Lamy Larmie ama a.yeibea.amuasi Solomon Obiri-Yeboah Alexander Oti Acheampong Peter Donkor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Orthodontics and Child Oral Health KomfoAnokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Background: Maxillofacial injury may vary from simple soft tissue lacerations to complex fractures of the orofacial region. Soft tissue injuries, whether isolated or in combination with other injuries, form part of the frequent traumatic craniofacial injuries seen at the emergency department. The force of impact and the injury type is directly related to the severity of the injury sustained. This study aimed to analyze the etiological factors, prevalence, and management of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injuries at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a prospective study that involved children presenting with oral and maxillofacial injuries at the Accident and Emergency Department and the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery unit of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi between the period of April to October 2020 (6 months). Patient selection was by convenience sampling targeting all children with injuries who met the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were children below the age of 18 years whose parents or caregivers consent to participation. Children with maxillofacial injuries as a result of burns were excluded from the study. Results: During the study period a total of 134 children were reviewed with oral and maxillofacial injuries at KATH. Of these, 107 (78.9%) were recorded cases of orofacial soft tissue injuries. There were 63 (58.9%) males and 44 (41.1%) females and the male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. The age range of patients studied was 8 months – 17 years, with mean age ± SD being 9.5 ± 5.3 years. Road Traffic Crash (50.5%) was the most common etiology of which Motor cycle crash constituted 24.3% and Pedestrian knockdown was 19.6%. Falls (42.1%) were the next most common etiology. The lips (19.8%) and the forehead (18.5%) were the most frequently injured sites on the face whiles the tongue (3.3%) had the most injuries intraorally. Laceration (45.7%) was the most frequent injury reviewed, followed by abrasions (35.8%). Most of th

关键词： Laceration Soft Tissue Injury Etiology Maxillofacial Injury Prevalence Management Children

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