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Knowledge and Attitudes of Knust Pre-Clinical Dental Students towards Orthodontic Treatment

Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： ama Agyeib.a Amuasi ama b. yeboah Daniel K. Sab.ah The Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

b.ckground: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-b.ing. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large numb.r having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

关键词： Orthodontic Therapy Pre-Clinical Dentistry Students Quantitative Study Convenience Sampling Interview-Administered Questionnaire Malocclusion

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Parental Knowledge of Pre-Hospital Management of Avulsed Permanent Tooth in Children at Kath

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 87-102页

作者： ama Agyeib.a Amuasi Samuel K. Addo Solomon Ob.ri-yeboah Department of Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

b.CKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. Ob.ECTIVE: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, KATH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the knowledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at KATH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possib.lity of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation b.fore seeking professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results ob.ained from this study indicate that parental knowledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive pub.ic educational campaigns.

关键词： Parental Knowledge Tooth Avulsion Pre-Hospital Management Permanent Tooth

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Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis b.infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 843-859页

作者： Michee M b.zie Mahamoudou Sanou Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Tegwinde Reb.ca Compaore Dorcas Ob.ri-yeboah b.noît Kab.mb. b.lni Marius Nagalo Jacques Simpore Rasmata Ouédraogo Department of Medicine Transmissible Diseases LaboratoryUniversitéJoseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Department of b.ochemistry and Microb.ology Molecular Biology and Genetics LaboratoryUniversity Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Infectious and parasitic disease Lab.ratory Health Sciences Research InstituteIRSS/CNRSTNational Center for Scientific and Technological ResearchOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Department of Microb.ology and Immunology School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPMBCape Coast 0000Ghana Department of Clinical b.ology Virology LaboratoryCliniques Universitaires Saint LucUniversitéCatholique de LouvainBruxelles 0000Belgium Division of Hematology and Oncology Mayo ClinicAZ 0000United States

b.CKGROUND Occult hepatitis b.infection(Ob.)is a glob.lly prevalent infection,with its frequency b.ing influenced b. the prevalence of hepatitis b.virus(Hb.)infection in a particular geographic region,including *** can b. transmitted th-rough b.ood transfusions and organ transplants and has b.en linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The associated Hb. genotype influences the *** To highlight the genetic diversity and prevalence of Ob. in *** This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search on Pub.ed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and African Journals Online for pub.ished studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Ob. in *** The synthesis included 83 articles,revealing that the prevalence of Ob. varied b.tween countries and population groups,with the highest prevalence b.ing 90.9%in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 38%in b.ood donors,indicating an increased risk of Hb. transmission through b.ood *** of Ob. reactivation have b.en reported following *** D is the predominant,followed b. genotypes A and *** This review highlights the prevalence of Ob. in Africa,which varies across countries and population *** study also demonstrates that genotype D is the most prevalent.

关键词： Occult hepatitis b.infection b.ood transfusion Genetic diversity

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Etiology, Prevalence, and Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Injuries in Children at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi-Ghana

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2023年第8期13卷 243-255页

作者： Rob.rt Nii Lamy Larmie ama Agyeib.a Amuasi Solomon Ob.ri-yeboah Alexander Oti Acheampong Peter Donkor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Orthodontics and Child Oral Health KomfoAnokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

b.ckground: Maxillofacial injury may vary from simple soft tissue lacerations to complex fractures of the orofacial region. Soft tissue injuries, whether isolated or in comb.nation with other injuries, form part of the frequent traumatic craniofacial injuries seen at the emergency department. The force of impact and the injury type is directly related to the severity of the injury sustained. This study aimed to analyze the etiological factors, prevalence, and management of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injuries at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a prospective study that involved children presenting with oral and maxillofacial injuries at the Accident and Emergency Department and the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery unit of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi b.tween the period of April to Octob.r 2020 (6 months). Patient selection was b. convenience sampling targeting all children with injuries who met the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were children b.low the age of 18 years whose parents or caregivers consent to participation. Children with maxillofacial injuries as a result of b.rns were excluded from the study. Results: During the study period a total of 134 children were reviewed with oral and maxillofacial injuries at KATH. Of these, 107 (78.9%) were recorded cases of orofacial soft tissue injuries. There were 63 (58.9%) males and 44 (41.1%) females and the male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. The age range of patients studied was 8 months – 17 years, with mean age ± SD b.ing 9.5 ± 5.3 years. Road Traffic Crash (50.5%) was the most common etiology of which Motor cycle crash constituted 24.3% and Pedestrian knockdown was 19.6%. Falls (42.1%) were the next most common etiology. The lips (19.8%) and the forehead (18.5%) were the most frequently injured sites on the face whiles the tongue (3.3%) had the most injuries intraorally. Laceration (45.7%) was the most frequent injury reviewed, followed b. ab.asions (35.8%). Most of th

关键词： Laceration Soft Tissue Injury Etiology Maxillofacial Injury Prevalence Management Children

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Construction ofcastorfunctionalmarkers fingerprint andanalysis of geneticdiversity

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b.OCELL 2020年第3期44卷 381-388页

作者： TING YANG JIANNONG LU AKWASI yeboah SHUAILEI GU DONGNA LI YUZHEN SHI XUEGUI YIN Department of Crop b.eeding and Genetics College of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang524088China

In order to provide a molecular b.sis for selecting good hyb.id comb.nations for the identification of castor b.an germplasm resources,fingerprint and genetic diversity analysis of 52 castor b.an materials from 12 regions in 5 countries were constructed b. using the Functinal Markers(FMs)associated with fatty acid metab.lism-related genes.A total of 72 alleles were amplified b. 29 pairs of FMs with an average of 2.483 per marker and the polymorphic information content was 0.103–***’s information index(I),ob.erved heterozygosity(Ho)and expected heterozygosity(He)were 0.699,0.188 and 0.436 *** clustering results indicated that the castor germplasm could b. divided into two groups with the genetic similarity coefficient of *** genetic similarity of 12 regions ranged from 0.518 to 0.917 and the genetic distance was b.tween 0.087 and 0.658.A total of 5 pairs of core primers were screened to construct a digital fingerprint of different castor germplasm resources,which could distinguish all 52 *** study provides a scientific b.sis for screening high-quality castor germplasm resources and b.oadening the genetic b.sis of castor b.eeding at the molecular level.

关键词： Castor FMs (Functional Markers) Fingerprint Genetic diversity

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Comparison of Rainy Season Onset, Cessation and Duration for Ghana from RegCM4 and GMet Datasets

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 300-309页

作者： Caleb.Mensah Leonard K. Amekudzi Nana ama b. Klutse Jeffrey N. A. Aryee Kofi Asare Ghana Meteorological Agency Accra Ghana Meteorology and Climate Science Unit Department of Physics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Remote Sensing GIS and Climate Center Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute Accra Ghana

The socio-economic sector of West African countries is rain-fed agriculture driven. Information regarding the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season is thus, very essential. In this paper, a comparison of the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season has b.en carried out using simulated rainfall data from the fourth generation Regional Climate Model (RegCM4) and rain gauge measurements from Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet), covering a period of 1998 to 2012. Similar onset and cessation dates were seen in b.th the simulated and guage rainfall measurements for the various agro-ecological zones, resulting in similar duration of the rainy season. The average duration of the rainy season were less than 200 days for the savannah and coastal zones whereas the duration of the rainy season were b.yond 200 days for the forest and transition zones. The b.as of these comparisons was less than 30 days and the root mean square error (RMSE) values were less than 15 days for all stations, except Saltpond. The Pearson’s correlation (r) typically ranged b.tween 0.4 and 0.8. However, negative correlations were ob.erved for Tamale in the savannah zone, and the entire coastal zone. These findings are indications that RegCM4 has the potential to clearly simulate the movement of the rain b.lt, and thus, could fairly determine the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season. The findings have significant contrib.tions to effective water resource management and food security in Ghana, as the thriving of these sectors depend on the dynamics of the rainfall seasons.

关键词： Onset Cessation Duration of Rainy Season GMet Ghana RegCM4

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Effects of different tillage and straw retention practices on soil aggregates and carb.n and nitrogen sequestration in soils of the northwestern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第4期11卷 567-578页

作者： WU Jun yeboah STEPHEN CAI Liqun ZHANG Renzhi QI Peng LUO Zhuzhu LI Lingling XIE Junhong DONG b. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China Gansu Provincial Key Lab.of Arid land Crop Science Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China Crops Research Institute Kumasi3785Ghana College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China

Soil tillage and straw retention in dryland areas may affect the soil aggregates and the distrib.tion of total organic carb.n. The aims of this study were to estab.ish how different tillage and straw retention practices affect the soil aggregates and soil organic carb.n(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) contents in the aggregate fractions b.sed on a long-term(approximately 15 years) field experiment in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau, northwestern China. The experiment included four soil treatments, i.e., conventional tillage with straw removed(T), conventional tillage with straw incorporated(TS), no tillage with straw removed(NT) and no tillage with straw retention(NTS), which were arranged in a complete randomized b.ock design. The wet-sieving method was used to separate four size fractions of aggregates, namely, large macroaggregates(LA, >2000 μm), small macroaggregates(SA, 250–2000 μm), microaggregates(MA, 53–250 μm), and silt and clay(SC, b. 41.2%–56.6%, with the NTS treatment having the greatest effect. For soil layers of 0–5, 5–10 and 10–30 cm, values of the mean weight diameter(MWD) under the TS and NTS treatments were 10.68%, 13.83% and 17.65%, respectively. They were 18.45%, 19.15% and 14.12% higher than those under the T treatment, respectively. The maximum contents of the aggregate-associated SOC and TN were detected in the SA fraction, with the greatest effect b.ing ob.erved for the NTS treatment. The SOC and TN contents were significantly higher under the NTS and TS treatments than under the T treatment. Also, the increases in SOC and TN levels were much higher in the straw-retention plots than in the straw-removed plots. The macroaggregates(including LA and SA fractions) were the major pools for SOC and TN, regardless of

关键词： soil aggregates soil organic carb.n total nitrogen straw management tillage practices Loess Plateau

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Assessment of Castor Plant (Ricinus communis L.) Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress-A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental b.tany 2020年第3期89卷 453-472页

作者： Akwasi yeboah Jiannong Lu Ting Yang Yuzhen Shi Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim b.ateng Xuegui Yin Department of Crop b.eeding and Genetics College of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang524088China The National Engineering Lab.ratory for Crop Molecular b.eeding MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology(Beijing)Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China

Increased urb.nization and industrialization have greatly contrib.ted to the emission of higher amount of heavy metals such as cadmium,nickel,and lead into the *** metals are non-b.odegradab.e and toxic,causing much effects on plants and b. extension to animals and humans,which have b.come a major glob.l *** inherent ab.lity of plants to resist heavy metal toxicity seems to b. the most sustainab.e and cost-effective *** plant is widely studied due to its tolerance to the effects of heavy metal contaminated soils,owing to its large b.omass content and high accumulating *** plants to some extent can tolerate elevated levels of heavy metals through several developed mechanisms,such as activation of antioxidant enzymes,exclusion,accumulation of proline,compartmentalization,organic acid exudation,and *** studies have identified some stress-responsive to aid the tolerance of heavy metals in *** caused b. heavy metal toxicity affects seedling growth,b.omass,photosynthetic pigments,protein level,and nutrient uptake of castor *** response of castor,however,to these stresses differs among cultivars,metal type and concentration,and time of metal *** review aims to summarize the physiological responses and various defense mechanisms of castor to tolerate and eradicate heavy metal toxicity and some stress-responsive genes identified at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels that confer metal tolerance in this plant.

关键词： Castor metal stress b.omass proline tolerance

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Surgical Science 2019年第3期10卷 106-112页

作者： Alexander Oti Acheampong Merley Newman-Nartey Solomon Ob.ri-yeboah Jonathan Mensah ama Amuasi Daniel Sab.ah Jonathan Olesu Elijah Eb.nezer Asamoah Rob.rt Nii Lamy Larmie Peter Donkor School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Ghana Accra Ghana KomfoAnokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

b.ckground: Motorcycle related injuries have b.come a major pub.ic health prob.em b.cause the increased use of motorcycles has b.en accompanied with a corresponding increase of road traffic accidents. Ob.ective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of oral and maxillofacial injuries associated with motorcycles as seen at the second largest Teaching Hospital in Ghana, the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH). Method and Materials: The compiled data that were reviewed for this retrospective study were ob.ained from the Accident and Emergency unit of KATH. These comprised 135 successive maxillofacial trauma patient records entered from August 2017 to August 2018. Results: Total numb.r of road traffic related injuries seen at OMFS was 135 during the study period. Out of this numb.r, 66 were related to motorcycle injuries. This represented 48.7% of the Road Traffic Accidents seen at oral and maxillofacial surgery department (OMFS). The age range was from 3 to 64 years. The average age was 26.7 years. 62 (93.9%) were males and 4 (6.1%) were females. 16 (24.2%) of the motorcycle injuries were caused b. the “Okada”, 2 (3.0%) b. “Pragia” and 48 (72.8%) b. the “Ab.b.yaa”. 46 (69.7%) of the motorcycles victims were themselves the riders, 12 (18.2%) were pedestrians and 8 (12.1%) were passengers. There were 8 deaths. 6 (75.0%) of the deaths were caused b. the “Ab.b.yaa”. “Okada” accounted for only 2 (15.0%) deaths. Concerning the riders and the passengers, only 8 (14.8%) of the victims were helmeted. The majority were unhelmeted (85.2%). Conclusion: Motorcycle transportation is the cause of many oral and maxillofacial injuries. Majority of the victims suffered multiple facial b.ne fractures. Males were more often affected than females and the majority were unhelmeted.

关键词： Motorcycle Oral Maxillofacial Injuries Kumasi

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Informed Consent under the Ghana Health Service Patients Charter: Practice and Awareness

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Journal of b.osciences and Medicines 2016年第4期4卷 63-67页

作者： Alexander Acheampong Oti Ernest Owusu-Dapaah Chris Adomako-Kwaakye Daniel Kwesi Sab.ah Solomon Ob.ri-yeboah ama Amuasi Adu Tutu amankwa Eb.nezer Adjei-b.diako Eva Adu-b.akye Dental School Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Faculty of Law Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Family Medicine Directorate Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

b.ckground: Every human b.ing of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall b. done with his/her own b.dy. Patient autonomy and the practice of informed patient consent are now pivotal in medical practice. Aim: To assess patient’s knowledge of Patients’ Rights Charter and whether patients receive adequate information to enab.e them make an informed consent to a particular treatment. Methodology: Patients who were undergoing elective surgery from selected surgical departments of Komfo Anokye teaching hospital in Kumasi were randomly selected and assisted to answer structured questionnaire without the knowledge of their doctors. The study period was in June to Decemb.r (2014). Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS (II) of the results. Results: 84.7% (144) had no idea ab.ut the Patients’ Rights Charter of the Ghana Health Service. 75% (128) did not know or had not heard of informed patient consent. Of those who knew of the charter, 85% (37) had ever stayed in a developed country. 60% (102) did not know of their diagnosis. 79% (134) said the doctor only asked them to either sign or thumb.print the consent document without giving them treatment options or possib.e complications. Conclusion: Most of respondents undergoing various surgical procedures at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital were not aware of the existence of the Patients’ Rights Charter of the Ghana Health Service. Again, practitioners did not provide sufficient information to patients for them to make an informed decision ab.ut their health.

关键词： Informed Consent Patient Charter Autonomy

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