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Corneal blindness and current major treatment concerngraft scarcity

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第7期10卷 1154-1162页

作者： Kah Hie Wong Ka Wai Kam li Jia Chen alvin l.young Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Prince of Wales Hospital

According to World Health Organization, the global prevalence of blindness in 2010 was 39 million people, among which 4% were due to corneal opacities. Often, the sole resort for visual restoration of patients with damaged corneas is corneal transplantation. However, despite rapid developments of surgical techniques, instrumentations and immunosuppressive agents, corneal blindness remains a prevalent global health issue. This is largely due to the scarcity of good quality corneal grafts. In this review, the causes of corneal blindness, its major treatment options, and the major contributory factors of corneal graft scarcity with potential solutions are discussed.

关键词： corneal blindness keratoplasty corneal graft corneal donation eye banking

Management of cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis

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Eye and Vision 2021年第1期8卷 18-30页

作者： Angela H.Y.Wong Wee Nie Kua alvin l.young Kelvin H.Wan Department of Ophthalmology Tuen Mun HospitalHong KongChina Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Prince of Wales HospitalHong KongChina Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Background:Cytomegalovirus(CMV)can manifest as corneal endotheliitis in immunocompetent *** diagnosis is prudent to prevent endothelial cell loss,which could ultimately lead to corneal *** DNA was first detected in an eye with corneal endotheliitis in 2006;since then,clinical evidence from numerous case reports and case series have *** text:In this narrative review,we identified several drugs,including ganciclovir,valganciclovir,and their combination in oral,intravenous,intravitreal,and topical forms in different concentrations,together with the judicious use of topical steroids,have reported variable *** has yet to be any prospective comparative study evaluating the efficacy and safety of these assorted forms of treatment;clinical evidence is based on case reports and case *** endotheliitis presenting with corneal edema can masquerade as other corneal diseases and thus poses a great challenge especially in post-keratoplasty *** awareness is needed before and after keratoplasty to start prompt prophylaxis and ***:There is no consensus on the management of CMV *** studies are much needed to elucidate the optimal treatment modality,regime,and duration in the treatment and prophylaxis of CMV endotheliitis.

关键词： Cytomegalovirus CMV Endotheliitis Keratoplasty Corneal transplant Cornea

long term changes of posterior corneal elevation after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis

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Eye Science 2016年第1期31卷 13-19页

作者： Honghe Xia Riping Zhang alvin l.young Mingzhi Zhang Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shantou 515041China Department ofOphthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalHong KongChina

Background: Corneal ectasia is a serious complication after laser in situ keratomileusis(lASIK). Ideally, patients at risk of ectasia should be identified prior to laser as unsuitable for lASIK, however, at present, there is no absolute test, system, or marker that can unequivocally identify patients at risk of developing ectasia. It has been suggested that changes in the forward protrusion of the posterior cornea or posterior corneal elevation(PCE) may be a key to the early detection of ectasia after lASIK. The purpose of this study was to examine the long term changes of the PCE after myopic lASIK using the ORBSCAN~ IIz(Bausch & lomb, Rochester, USA) and to evaluate the contributory preoperative factors to PCE ***: This was a retrospective longitudinal case series. Forty-two eyes of 23 consecutive myopic patients who underwent uneventful lASIK surgery 6 years ago were recalled for a postoperative follow-up examination using the ORBSCAN~ IIz to determine the elevation changes to the posterior corneal surface from the preoperative measurements. A forward shift of the posterior surface was given a negative value. Correlation analyses and forward stepwise regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of each of the preoperative parameters on the changes in PCE. Statistical and graphical analyses were ***: There was no statistical difference between the mean best-fit sphere(BFS) pre-lASIK and 6 years postop(P=0.25). Forty-two post-lASIK eyes had a mean posterior displacement of -9.38±9.84 μm(range, 12 to-31 μm) 6 years after lASIK. Forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the ablation spherical equivalent(ASE) was the only indicator of the forward shift of the posterior cornea after ***: The present study identified a significant forward shift of the posterior cornea 6 years after lASIK. The ASE was the most significant prognostic determinant for forward protrusion of the posterior cornea

关键词：准分子激光角膜长期变化原位多元线性回归分析逐步回归分析表面高度 PCE

Adenosine triphosphate-binding pocket inhibitor for mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein attenuated alcoholic liver disease via necroptosis-independent pathway

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第6期31卷 44-61页

作者： Han-Ning Xuan Yuan Hyun Sung Kim Gye Ryeol Park Jae Eun Ryu Ji Eun Kim In young Kang Hye young Kim Seung Min lee Ju Hee Oh Eileen l Yoon Dae Won Jun Department of Internal Medicine Hanyang University School of MedicineSeoul 04763South Korea Department of Pathology Hanyang University School of MedicineSeoul 04763South Korea Department of Translational Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringHanyang UniversitySeoul 04763South Korea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Women’s Medical Life ScienceYonsei Cancer CenterSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 04763South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Sanggye Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineSeoul 01757South Korea

BACKGROUND Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MlKl)serves as a critical mediator in necroptosis,a form of regulated cell death linked to various liver *** study aims to specifically investigate the role of MlKl’s adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding pocket in facilitating necroptosis-independent pathways that may contribute to liver disease *** focusing on this mechanism,we seek to identify potential therapeutic targets that can modulate MlKl activity,offering new strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver-related *** To investigate the possibility of using the ATP-binding pocket-associated,necro-ptosis-independent MlKl pathway as a target for liver *** Cell death following necroptosis stimuli was evaluated using cell proliferation assays,flow cytometry,and electron microscopy in various *** human liver organoid system was used to evaluate whether the MlKl ATP pocket-binding inhibitor could attenuate ***,alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases animal models were used to determine whether MlKl ATP pocket inhibitors could attenuate liver *** While an MlKl ATP pocket-binding inhibitor did not prevent necroptosis-induced cell death in RAW 264.7 cells,it did reduce the necroptosis-led expression of CXCl2,ICAM,and ***,MlKl ATP pocket inhibitor diminishes the expression of CXCl2,ICAM,and VCAM by inhibiting the IκB kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B pathways without inducing necroptosis-induced cell death in two-dimensional cell culture as well as the human-derived liver organoid *** MlKl ATP-binding inhibitor was ineffective in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease animal models,MlKl ATP-binding inhibitor attenuated hepatic inflammation in the alcoholic liver disease *** MlKl ATP pocket-binding inhibitor exerted anti-inflammatory effects through the necroptosis-independent MlKl pathway in an animal model of alcoholic liver disease.

关键词： RAW 264.7 cell Cell death Necroptosis Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein adenosine triphosphate binding inhibitor Alcoholic liver disease

Knotting ligands to control metal coordination geometry

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 403-404页

作者： Fabien B.l.Cougnon Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Centre University of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland

Zinc is a metal of particular importance for life[1].It is the most abundant transition metal in biological systems after iron and contributes both structural and catalytic roles to many cellular *** properties of Zn^(Ⅱ),unlike those of any other first-row transition metal ions,explain its biological *** to its filled d-shell orbitals,Zn^(Ⅱ) is redox-stable,has a ligand-field energy stabilization of zero and,consequently,no typical coordination number and *** metalloproteins exploit these features to carry a broad range of chemical reactions in mild *** metalloenzymes,unsaturated ZnII centres often act as redox-stable lewis *** protein backbone provides a highly preorganized environment around the metal centre and accompanies the changes in coordination geometry occurring as substrate transformation proceeds,thereby modulating the metal reactivity.

关键词： coordination geometry centre

Morphology and phylogeny of two species of Bathypathes from the tropical western Pacific,with description of a new species

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Journal of Oceanology and limnology 2025年第1期43卷 248-260页

作者： Ting lÜ Zifeng ZHAN Kuidong XU laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and ConservationInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The black coral genus Bathypathes Brook,1889 represents a relatively diverse and ecologically important assemblage comprising the deep-sea hard substrate *** phylogenetic investigations have revealed the polyphyletic nature of Bathypathes,urging further morphological analysis to understand its *** combing morphological and molecular data,we describe Bathypathes multifurcata *** report *** Molodtsova,Opresko&Wagner,2022based on the specimens collected from the tropical western *** phylogenetic topology reconstructed using nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and three mitochondrial fragments suggests the separation of Bathypathes into four *** analysis of morphological characters,particularly the colony branch and pinnule patterns also roughly classify Bathypathes into four morphological groups A–*** A is characterized by the unbranched colony and the subopposite arrangement of *** contrast to Group A,Groups B–D have the alternately arranged *** these,Group C exhibits a distinctly long unpinnulated stem compared to Groups B and *** B has unbranched colony,relatively short unpinnulated stem,and spines on pinnules have blunt *** Group D,large colonies(higher than 40 cm)have one or a few branches,small colonies(less than 40 cm)are unbranched,and spines on pinnules have acute *** data particularly those species without sequences are necessary to verify the classification of these groups.

关键词： Antipatharia black coral taxonomy phylogeny seamount western Pacific

Pulsed laser Annealed Ga Hyperdoped Poly-Si/SiO_(x)Passivating Contacts for High-Efficiency Monocrystalline Si Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第3期6卷 388-399页

作者： Kejun Chen Enrico Napolitani Matteo De Tullio Chun-Sheng Jiang Harvey Guthrey Francesco Sgarbossa San Theingi William Nemeth Matthew Page Paul Stradins Sumit Agarwal David l.young Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois StGolden Colorado 80401USA Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and CNR-IMM Universit`a degli Studi di Padovavia Marzolo 8PadovaItaly National Renewable Energy laboratory 15013 Denver West ParkwayGolden Colorado 80401USA

Polycrystalline Si(poly-Si)-based passivating contacts are promising candidates for high-efficiency crystalline Si solar *** show that nanosecond-scale pulsed laser melting(PlM)is an industrially viable technique to fabricate such contacts with precisely controlled dopant concentration profiles that exceed the solid solubility *** demonstrate that conventionally doped,hole-selective poly-Si/SiO_(x)contacts that provide poor surface passivation of c-Si can be replaced with Ga-or B-doped contacts based on non-equilibrium *** overcome the solid solubility limit for both dopants in poly-Si by rapid cooling and recrystallization over a timescale of∼25 *** show an active Ga dopant concentration of∼3×10^(20)cm^(−3)in poly-Si which is six times higher than its solubility limit in c-Si,and a B dopant concentration as high as∼10^(21) cm^(−3).We measure an implied open-circuit voltage of 735 mV for Ga-doped poly-Si/SiO_(x)contacts on Czochralski Si with a low contact resistivity of 35.5±2.4 mΩcm^(2).Scanning spreading resistance microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy show large diffusion and drift current in the p-n junction that contributes to the low contact *** results suggest that PlM can be extended for hyperdoping of other semiconductors with low solubility atoms to enable high-efficiency devices.

关键词： Ga hyperdoping Ga passivating contacts poly-Si/SiO_(x) pulsed laser melting silicon solar cell

Magnetosymbiosis discovery:new perspectives in magnetotaxis research

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Journal of Oceanology and limnology 2025年第1期43卷 177-186页

作者： Caroline l.MONTEIl Christopher T.lEFEVRE Aix-Marseille Université CEACNRSInstitute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-MarseilleSaint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115France

Magnetotactic bacteria have been the only known magnetoreceptive microorganisms for *** if the existence of magnetotactic protists was suggested in 1986,this is only 30 years later that magnetotaxis was extended to the domain of Eukaryota,thanks to the characterization of magnetotactic symbiotic assemblies composed of a flagellated protist and bacteria biomineralizing magnetic *** mutualistic ectosymbiosis relies on a collective magnetotaxis coupled to a hydrogen-based *** new form of cooperation challenges our view of magnetic biomineralization in prokaryotes and magnetoreception in *** this review,we present how magnetosymbiosis was discovered and how cooperation ***,we discuss the future research and the new perspectives such discovery brought to the field of magnetotaxis.

关键词： magnetotaxis biomineralization symbiosis magnetotactic

long-term outcomes of endothelial keratoplasty in Chinese eyes at a University Hospital

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Eye and Vision 2014年第1期1卷 51-54页

作者： alvin l.young Rachel PW Kwok Vishal Jhanji lulu l Cheng Srinivas K Rao Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalShatinHong KongChina Darshan Eye Clinic ChennaiIndia.

Background:Endothelial keratoplasty(EK)is used increasingly for the management of cases with endothelial ***-term outcomes of the surgery are not widely reported in the *** report our experience of EK in Chinese eyes at a University teaching ***:Retrospective analysis was performed for all cases of EK performed between 2005 and *** analyzed included indication for surgery,associated surgical procedures,complications,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and overall graft ***:Overall,22 eyes of 21 patients underwent EK(13 males,8 females,mean age 71.8±11.3 years).Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy was the leading indication for surgery(n=12)followed by Fuchs’endothelial dystrophy(n=4),or both(n=3).Other indications for surgery included failed penetrating keratoplasty(n=2)and endothelial decompensation due to multiple surgeries(n=1).Triple procedure was performed in 5(22.7%)*** were noted in the form of postoperative interface hemorrhage(n=2,9%)and graft dislocation(n=1,4.5%).The mean postoperative endothelial cell density was 1069±585.8 cells/*** mean postoperative pachymetry was 675.8±108.5μ*** mean preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure was 11.3±3.2 and 13.9±4.5 mmHg *** the last follow-up(mean,47.4±13.7 months),BCVA was≥20/70 in 9(40.9%)*** of poor BCVA included primary graft failure(n=4),graft decompensation(n=4),advanced glaucoma(n=2)and irreversible graft rejection(n=2).Graft remained clear in 12(54.5%)cases at the last *** graft survival was 19.7±17.7 months(median 17.5 months).Conclusions:Nearly half of the EK grafts in our study survived over a period of five *** failure,glaucoma and graft rejection were the main causes of poor graft survival.

关键词： Endothelial keratoplasty Keratoplasty long-term outcomes