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Open Journal of Metal 2019年第3期9卷 19-32页

作者： Mamadou Faye Falilou Mbacké Sambe Modou Dieng alpha ousmane touré Matar Faye Codou Guèye Mar Diop Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Membrane Processes (LEMP) Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar-Fann Senegal Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD) Dakar-Fann Senegal Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology (ESP) Dakar-Fann Senegal

In the present work, the treatment of synthetic waters doped with iron (II) has been studied. The treatment mechanism used in this study is the biological oxidation which consists, in test tubes, of bringing bacteria isolated on Petri dishes into contact with water containing divalent iron (II). These de-ironing bacteria (non-specific bacteria) are used to carry out laboratory biological oxidation experiments on iron (II) under different pH conditions (pH = 3.4 - 3.6, pH = 7.3 - 7.5 and pH = 9.8 - 10) and variable concentration of iron (II). Biological treatment trials included different concentrations of iron during time intervals of a day. Examination of the elimination kinetics of Iron (II) indicates a removal rate of 59.453% for an initial iron concentration in the synthetic solution of 1 mg·L−1 at basic pH (pH = 9.8 - 10). Therefore, the degradation of divalent iron by this method seems to be quite effective, but it should be noted that biological nitrification is impaired by the presence of high iron concentrations above 5 mg·L−1.

关键词： Biodegradation Bacteria Washing Mud Iron Kinetics Efficiency

Overview of Adrenals Tumors in Dakar Hospitals

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 141-150页

作者： Nafy Ndiaye Yakham Mohamed Leye Mouhamadou Moustapha Ndong Ngoné Diaba Diack Amadou Fall Cisse Abdoulaye Leye Baidy Sy Kane alpha Omar touré Cherif Mohamed Dial Pape Saloum Diop Internalmedeccine and Endocrinology Department Teaching Hospital of Pikine Dakar Senegal General Surgery Department Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital of Dakar Dakar Senegal Anatomo-Pathology Department General Hospital of Grand Yoff Dakar Dakar Senegal General Surgery Department General Hospital of Grand Yoff Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Adrenal tumours (AT) are commonly encountered in clinical practice. For any patient presenting an adrenal mass, there are two crucial points to consider: is the adrenal mass malignant and is it hormonally active? The objective of our study was to evaluate the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of AT in a developing country. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective study spanning 17 years (from January 2005 to October 2022) in four Dakar hospital services. We included all patient medical records with explored AT. Results: AT was diagnosed in 35 patients who had a mean age of 36.62 years (range: 12-79), and a female predominance (26 women to 9 men). Among these patients, 17.2 % had incidental AT. Hypertension was the commonest presenting symptom in 27 patients (77%), which was associated with Mnards triad in 14 patients (40%). Abdominal pain was reported by 20 patients (57%), and 14 presented with an abdominal mass. Among the patients, 29 had functional AT: 22 with pheochromocytoma, 5 with primary hyperaldosteronism, and 2 with hypercortisolism. Imaging evaluations revealed that 33 patients had unilateral AT and one had bilateral AT. Tumour sizes varied, 5 patients had tumours 10 cm. Two patients presented with metastases. The therapeutic approach involved adrenalectomy in 32 patients. Perioperative complications were observed in five patients, including haemorrhage (two patients), hypotension (two cases), and hypertensive crisis (one case). One patient with bilateral pheochromocytoma developed acute adrenal insufficiency postoperatively, followed by abdominal herniation. Histopathological examination confirmed pheochromocytoma in 21 patients, Conns adenoma in 5, adrenocortical carcinoma in 3, cortisol adenoma in 2, and adrenal cyst in 1 patient. Non-functional AT included adrenocortical carcinoma (three patients), adrenal cyst (one patient), and pheochromocytoma (two patients). After a one-year follow-up, 29 patients with benign tumours had favourable outcomes, while

关键词： Tumour Adrenal Pheochromocytoma Conn Adrenocortical Carcinoma Dakar

Successful Separation of Conjoined Twins at the Conakry University Hospital Center

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期12卷 514-521页

作者： Mamadou alpha touré Balla Keita Balla Moussa touré Naby Fofana Ibrahima Kalil Dioubaté Thiero Mamadou Aliou touré Pediatric Surgery Department Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Pediatric Surgery Unit General Surgery Department Ignace Deen Hospital Conakry Guinea Institute of Nutrition and Health for Children Conakry Guinea

Introduction: The birth of conjoined twins is an event extremely rare that offers unique therapeutic challenges and circumstances. We must examine each situation with the many questions that arise and which sometimes require a long reflection. We report a case of separation of pygopages conjoined twins as well as a review of the literature. Patients and Observations: a pair of conjoined twins aged 11 days, weighing 3080 g between them, was referred to the neonatology department from the Faranah prefecture, 300 km from Conakry, for care. The mother, a 30-year-old housewife, multipara, eight gestures and nine parities, had not followed any prenatal consultation. The delivery took place at home in a village with the death of the mother immediately postpartum. The clinical and paraclinical investigation had concluded with the diagnosis of Siamese type pygopage. After multidisciplinary consultation, the surgical treatment by separation of the twins was carried out at the age of 50 days with success and preservation of the physiological functions. Conclusion: The birth of conjoined twins is extremely rare. Each pair of Siamese is different and the surgical strategy must be adapted according to the shared organs. The perfect multidisciplinary work of the medical staff has been the main contributor to our success.

关键词： Siamese Twins Pygopages Multidisciplinarity Separation Conakry Hospital and University Center

Women’s Knowledge and Attitudes about Complications during Pregnancy and Childbirth in Guinea

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第10期11卷 1291-1305页

作者： Mamadou Dioulde Balde Aissatou Diallo Amadou Oury touré Anne Marie Soumah alpha Oumar Sall Sadan Camara ousmane Balde Ramata Diallo alpha Amadou Barry Center for Research in Reproductive Health in Guinea/Cellule de Recherche en Santé de la Reproduction en Guinée (CERREGUI) Conakry Guinea CHU Donka Clinique de Gynécologie et Obstétrique Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem in the world. Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the main causes of maternal mortality in low-income countries. It is estimated that 15% of deaths are related to these complications. Studies have shown that women have little or no acquaintance on sign danger and complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Limited literature exists on women’s knowledge and attitudes about pregnancy and childbirth’s complications as well as the barriers for their management, therefore necessity to carry out this study. Objective: To explore women’s knowledge and attitudes in the community about complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Method: A qualitative study was conducted in three prefectures of Guinea. Eighteen focus groups were conducted with women of reproductive age living in urban and rural areas. Results: Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are common among pregnant women in Guinea. Many women have knowledge about various sorts of complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. These complications were mostly vaginal bleeding, abortions and maternal mortality. The use of a health facility in case of complications during pregnancy and childbi

关键词： Complications Pregnancy Childbirth Knowledge Attitude Guinea

Evaluation of the Use of Minimax Search in Connect-4—How Does the Minimax Search Algorithm Perform in Connect-4 with Increasing Grid Sizes?

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Applied Mathematics 2023年第6期14卷 419-427页

作者： Abdoul Wahab touré Department of Mathematics Le Collège Bilingue Dakar Sénégal

As computers have become faster at performing computations over the decades, algorithms to play games have also become more efficient. This research paper seeks to see how the performance of the Minimax search evolves on increasing Connect-4 grid sizes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Minimax search algorithm in making optimal moves under different circumstances and to understand how well the algorithm scales. To answer this question we tested and analyzed the algorithm several times on different grid sizes with a time limit to see its performance as the complexity increases, we also looked for the average search depth for each grid size. The obtained results show that despite larger grid sizes, the Minimax search algorithm stays relatively consistent in terms of performance.

关键词： Minimax alpha-Beta Pruning Connect-4 Algorithms

Barriers to Utilization of Postnatal Care: A Qualitative Study in Guinea

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第4期11卷 391-402页

作者： Mamadou Dioulde Balde Aissatou Diallo Anne Marie Soumah alpha Oumar Sall Boubacar alpha Diallo Fanta Barry Amadou Oury touré alpha Amadou Barry Sadan Camara Center for Research in Reproductive Health/Cellule de recherche en santé de la reproduction en Guinée (CERREGUI) Conakry Guinée University Hospital Donka Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Conakry Guinea

Maternal mortality remains very high in developing countries. In Guinea, it is 550 maternal deaths in 100.000 living birth. More than half of these deaths occur in the postpartum period. Hence the interests to have a better understanding of the factors that hinder the realization of post-natal care (PNC) arise. It is for this reason that the objective of this study is to identify barriers to the use of post-natal care in Guinea. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in the prefectures of Kindia and Dubréka, in the Administrative Region of Kindia (Guinea) in April and May 2014. Fourteen focus group discussions of women and girls of the community, as well as fifteen individual in-depth interviews (9 with women and 6 with healthcare providers). Results: Most women do their PNC during their child vaccination or in case of postpartum complications. Financial constraints are the main barrier to using postnatal care identified by participants. In general, distance from the health center associated with lack of transport mean and insufficient staffs are factors related to the health system. In addition, poor reception of clients, women’s experience during childbirth, poor programming for PNC as well as the lack of trust and confidentiality between clients and health care providers are the barriers related to health providers. The participants also mentioned the la

关键词： Barriers Postnatal Consultation Maternal Mortality Guinea

The Scrotoschisis about a Case in the Pediatric Surgery Department of the Donka National Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第2期11卷 238-242页

作者： Balla Keita Mamadou alpha touré Mamadou Madiou Barry Mohamed Lamine Sacko et Lamine Camara Pediatric Surgery Department of the Donka CHU National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Scrotoschisis is a very rare congenital defect of the scrotum characterized by the exteriorization of one or two testes. We report a case of right scrotoschisis in a newborn as well as a review of the literature for an approach of probable etiology. Patient and Observation: A newborn baby of 8 hours of life, weighing 3200 g was referred to our department for a right scrotal defect with exteriorization of the testis associated with fluid swelling of the left bursa. The 18-year-old mother, primiparous and primigeste followed all the prenatal consultations with eutocic delivery. After clinical investigation the diagnosis of right scrotosisis and left hydrocele was retained. Surgical treatment was carried out by primary closure after orchidopexy and exploration of the contralateral bursa, the content of which was calcified meconium bathed in a yellowish liquid. The post-operative consequences were simple. Conclusion: Scrotoschisis is an extremely rare birth defect whose etiology is poorly understood. However, it could be the cause of meconium peritonitis secondary to a scarred fatal intestinal perforation.

关键词： Scrotoschisis Congenital Anomaly Etiology

Factors Associated to Cataract Surgery Failure at Kankan Regional Hospital

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第10期13卷 441-451页

作者： Fremba Camara Sonassa Diané alpha Ibrahima Baldé Mory Camara Ibrahim Diakité Safiatou Camara Department of Ophthalmology (Kankan Regional Hospital) Kankan Republic of Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques (Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry) Conakry Republic of Guinea Joint Medical-Surgical Center Battalion Headquarters (Camp Samory touré) Conakry Republic of Guinea

Introduction: Cataract surgery has undergone many changes with the size of incision progressively decreasing over time with an incision of 12.0 mm for intracapsular cataract extraction to 2.2 - 2.8 mm in phacoemulsification. However, phacoemulsification due to high cost and equipment maintenance cannot be employed widely in developing countries. The phacoalternative or Manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) offers similar advantages with the merits of wider applicability, less time consuming, a shorter learning curve, and lower cost. Haven’t not being without complications like any other surgery We have identified the factors influencing the outcome of phacoalternative cataract surgery in order to improve our quality of care for our patients suffering from blindness induced by the world’s first leading cause of legal blindness. We have identified the factors influencing the outcome of cataract surgery. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective observational study of the descriptive type lasting six (6) months from March 1 to August 30, 2020 including all patients operated on for cataracts and having lower visual acuity at 3/10. The operating form included demographic data, the patient’s personal ophthalmological history, postoperative visual acuity, per and postoperative complications and the type of pathology involved. The analysis was carried out using epi-info 7.***.0.1 software. Results: During this study period, we collected 61 cases of failure of cataract surgery out of a total of 1182 operated eyes, i.e. a frequency of 5.16%. Women represented more than half of the sample with 74%. Almost all of our patients, i.e. 96.72%, were over the age of 60. Loss of visual acuity was the main complaint in all our patients, i.e. 100% followed by photophobia with 24.4% of cases. Arterial hypertension present in 8.20% of patients was the most common comorbidity in our series followed by diabetes with 4.92%. 18 patients (29.5%) presented early postoperative complications such as corneal edema in 15 patients (24.6

关键词： Cataract Small Incision Complications Failure

Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis of Artificial Induction of Labor with Misoprostol at the Reference Health Center of Commune 2 in Mali

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第4期12卷 267-275页

作者： Tidiani Traoré Seydou Z. Dao Seydou Traoré Adoul Azize Togo Bakary Abou Traoré Ahmadou Coulibaly Ibrahim ousmane Kanté Kassoum Sidibé Thierno Boubacar Bagayoko alpha Sanogo Famakan Kané Adama Bah Ibrahima Donigolo Babou Traoré Adama Coulibaly Abdrahamane Diarisso Youssouf Traoré Ibrahima Teguété Augustin Tiongani Théra Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Ségou Mali Common Reference Health Center II Bamako Mali Koutiala Reference Health Center Koutiala Mali Point G University Hospital Center Bamako Mali Bla Reference Health Center Bla Mali Center Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel touré Bamako Mali

Introduction: The artificial induction of labor is increasingly common. Objective: Evaluate the maternal-fetal prognosis of artificial induction with misoprostol at the referral health center of the commune II. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive and analytical study which took place from September 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. Included in the study were pregnant women carrying an evolving or terminated single-fetal pregnancy of at least 28 WA in cephalic presentation on a healthy uterus. The trigger has been made with 50 μg misoprostol administered sublingually into the posterior vaginal fornix. The dose was renewed as needed every 6 hours, until sufficient uterine contractions were obtained without exceeding 200 μg. Results: The frequency of artificial induction of labor was 1.25%. Indications were dominated by premature rupture of membranes (29.8%), overdue (19.1%), high blood pressure (19.1%), suitability of pregnant women (14.9%) and terminated pregnancies (10.6%). The vaginal delivery rate was 85.1% The Apgar score was greater than or equal to 7 in 83.3% of cases at the 1stminute. Maternal morbidity was marked by postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony in 4.3% cases. No maternal and neonatal deaths were noted. Conclusion: Induction of labor with misoprostol is a safe and effective method if careful selection of patients is made.

关键词： Childbirth Induction Artificial Misoprostol Prognosis

Otorhinolaryngology Diseases in HIV-Positive Patients: 208 Cases at the Donka National Hospital

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第1期12卷 1-7页

作者： Abdoulaye Keita Ibrahima Diallo Mamadou Aliou Diallo Mamadou Mouctar Ramata Diallo Sayon Kourouma Fofana Mamady alpha Oumar Barry Mohamed Casimir Kaman Abdoulaye 1 Bayo Mohamed Karfalla Kaba Fodé alpha Doumbouya Mamadou Saliou Sow Department of ENT and HNS Donka University Hospital Conakry Guinea Department of ENT and HNS Mamou Regional Hospital Mamou Guinea Department of ENT and HNS Camp Samory Touré Conakry Guinea Department of ENT and HNS Kankan Regional Hospital Kankan Guinea Department of Infectious Diseases Donka University Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) diseases in patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) are relatively common and of concern to ENT specialists and other health professionals. Aim: It was to describe the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of ENT and cervicofacial diseases in patients living with HIV/ AIDS. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study with prospective data collection, conducted over a period of six months (September 16, 2019 to March 16, 2020), carried out at the ENT and Infectious Diseases Departments of the Donka National Hospital. Results: Of 522 HIV-positive patients, 208 (39.8%) presented with ENT diseases. Women represented 62.5% with a sex ratio of 0.6. The mean age was 42.21 years with extremes of 16 and 64 years. Housewives were the most represented (29.8%). Married people were the most affected (76.4%). Cervical involvement was present in 7.7% of patients. Otologic involvement accounted for 43.7%. Oral cavity and pharyngolaryngeal involvement accounted for 50.9%. Nasosinus involvement accounted for 55.7%. HIV type I was the most common (99.5%). Conclusion: Otorhinolaryngology diseases were frequent in HIV positive patients. They may constitute the first reason for consultation. However, these ENT diseases remain in appendix of the opportunistic diseases of HIV/AIDS taking the front stage.

关键词： Otorhinolaryngology Diseases Epidemiology HIV/AIDS Diagnosis Sub-Saharan Africa