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In Vitro Anti-tuberculosis Activity of Total Crude Extract of Echinops Amplexicaulis against Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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Journal of Health Science 2018年第4期6卷 296-303页

作者： Komakech Kevin Kateregga John Namaganda Carolyn Semugenze Demck aloysius Lubega Department of Veterinary Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity MakerereUniversity P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda Department of Microbiology Mycobacteriology (BSL-3 ) Laboratory College of Health Science Makerere University P.O. Box7072 Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Health Sciences Makerere University P.O. Box 7072 Kampala Uganda

Background： TB （Tuberculosis） is the second leading killer infectious disease after HIV （human immunodeficiency virus）. Its incidence is worsened by development of multi-drag resistant and extensive drug resistant TB stxains. Available treatment regimens are expensive, toxic and lengtjy resulting to problems of non-adherence and inadequate response. Medicinal plants on the other hand may offer hope for developing alternative medicine for treatment of TB. This study evaluated the anti-tuberculosis activity of Echinops amplexicaulis. Materials and methods： Total crude extracts ofE. amplexicaulis were tested for activity against a wild strain resistant to Rifampicin and Isoniazid （MDR）, a fully susceptible laboratory strain （H37Rv） and Mycobacwrium boris （BCG strain） using disk diffusion method. MIC （minimum inhibitory concentration） was determined using Middlebrook 7H9 broil1. The strains were sub-cultured on Middlebrook 7H10 medium and MBC （minimum bactericidal concentration） determined. Susceptibility was evaluated by measuring zones of inhibition; MIC was obtained as the lowest concentration with no significant growth as shown by clog formation ofMTB （Mycobacwria tuberculosis） cells on the walls of the macro broth tube and MBC was obtained as the lowest concentration that inhibited growth of MTB colonies on Middlebrook 7H10 medium. Results： The extract showed a significant effect at a concentration of 50 mg/mL against all the three test strains F （2, 18） = 437.7, p = 0.00. It exhibited a MIC of 0.0488 mg/mL against MDR-TB and M. boris. Its MBC was the same at 0.0977 mg/mL against both MDR TB and M. boris. The MIC was much lower （0.0122 mg/mL） for the H37Rv strain. Terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins were present in large amount in the extract while saponins were present in small amounts. Flavonoids were not detected in the extract. Conclusion： E. amplexicaulis has the potential to be developed into new anti-TB drug and outcome of tile study supports the folkloric cla

关键词： Echinops amplexicaulis anti-tuberculosis activity multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

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Study on Growth Hormone （GH） Gene of PO Cattle in Indonesia

Study on Growth Hormone （GH） Gene of PO Cattle in Indonesi...

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International Conference on Computational Techniques and Artificial Intelligence(ICCTAI’2011);International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering(ICAEE’2011);International Conference on Mechanical,Automobile and Robotics Engineering(ICMAR’2011);International Conference on Management,Behavioral Sciences and Economics Issues(ICMBSE’2011);International Conference on Chemical,Environmental and Biological Sciences(ICCEBS’2011);International Conference on Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences(ICBPS’2011)

作者： aloysius D. Corebima Mariana Rengkuan the Department of Biology Malang State University

PO cattle had been maintained in some cattle breeding institutes, among others BBIB Singosari Malang, and UPA Pasuruan East Java. PO cattle kept in BBIB classified as superior quality, had been utilized to cow in the UPA;their descendants were distributed to farmers. The aim of this research is to identify genetic character of GH gene of PO cattle. DNA isolation conducted by salting out technique, followed by PCR-sequencing procedure. Sequencing results showed that 214 nucleotides read in the 13 samples, 58.4% was exactly same to each other, while 41.61% was not same particularly with respect to tree sampels of UPA. 7 sampels of UPA and the 3 samples of BBIB still have the same base. Related to the 13 samples there were found some conserved sequences even to a length of 19 nucleotides, that might be used as significant marker of superior PO beef cattle.

关键词： Cattle gh gene PCR-sekuencing.

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Thermodynamic Properties of Chromium (III) Ion Adsorption by Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peels

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第10期5卷 666-673页

作者： Fabian A. Ugbe aloysius A. Pam Abiola V. Ikudayisi Department of Chemistry Federal University Lokoja Lokoja Nigeria

The adsorption of Cr (III) ion from aqueous solution using orange peels as adsorbent was investigated using batch equilibrium technique. The research is significant as it’s aimed at investigating the suitability of orange peel, a waste product as adsorbent for the adsorption of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solution. Orange peel as an adsorbent is resource-saving and has an environmental friendly behavior. Adsorption envelope experiment was conducted using a constant Cr (III) ion concentration of 0.1 M, adsorbent dose of 2.5 g and a temperature of 30°C at varying solution pH of 2, 4, 7, 9 and 12 respectively with pH of 2 having the highest adsorption and therefore it was selected for use in the adsorption isotherm experiment. Adsorption isotherm experiment was conducted at varying temperatures (30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C), concentration (0.1 M, 0.2 M and 0.3 M) Cr(NO3)3. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, ΔH, ΔHr, ΔA, and ΔS were calculated from the experimental data which showed that the adsorption process is feasible, spontaneous and followed physisorption mechanism 9H2O and adsorbent dosage (1 g, 1.5 g and 2 g) respectively. The experimental results were tested using Langmuir, Freundlich, Linear and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The experimental data best fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. The experimental results revealed the suitability of orange peel which is a waste product as effective adsorbent for the sorption of chromium (III) ions from aqueous solution.

关键词： Adsorption Chromium Isotherms Orange Peels Waste Products Thermodynamic Parameters

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Phylogenetic Position of North Sulawesi Tarsius sp. Based on Partial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences

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Open Journal of Genetics 2014年第4期4卷 332-341页

作者： Decky David Wemvrid Kamagi aloysius Duran Corebima Mariana Rengkuan Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science State University of Manado Tondano Indonesia Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematic State University of Malang Malang Indonesia

Cyt b gene of North Sulawesi Tarsius sp., T. tumpara, T. sangirensis and T. tarsier (T. spectrum) had been partially sequenced. The homologous sequence of three groups had been compared to describe the phylogenetic position among them, as well as several other species accessed from the Genbank. Total DNA extracted from the muscular tissue had been obtained through tail cut sampling using the innuPREP DNA micro kit, and amplified using a pair of universal primer, L14841 and H15149. The size of the cyt b gene sequence amplified was 307 bp long. Sequence aligned using CLUSTAL-X program and diversity analysis were done using version 5.2.2. MEGA5 program. Genetic distance had been calculated by Tamura 3 parameter method and phylogenetic tree had been built using Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods. Genetic distance based on cyt b gene nucleotide was found from 0 to 0.240 with an average of 0.080. The phylogenetic tree constructed by Neighbor Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods indicated that T. tarsier, T. sangirensis and T. tumpara were closely related with Tarsius tarsier-complex, and distantly related with Cephalopachus bancanus and Carlito syrichta. The genetic distance and the phylogenetic tree had been constructed on the base of partial cyt b gene sequence of T. tarsier, T. sangirensis, T. tumpara and 5 other tarsier species and their accession. Those results are consistent with taxonomy based on morphology and vocal acoustic form.

关键词： Molecular Phylogeny Tarsius sp. Sulawesi Cyt b Gene Partial Sequence

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亚洲精神传统:孕育一种跨文化精神（英文）

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文化发展论丛 2015年第3期 77-99页

作者： aloysius Britto Assam Don Bosco University

本文将探讨东方精神传统的重要意义及目前全球迫切需要的智慧。本文将这个观点渗透在当前全球化产业园区和新资本主义市场经济的世界背景中。我们与其他现存宗教的邂逅让我们能够分享精神体验，也促使我们拥有一种更深入、更神秘的精神... 详细信息

本文将探讨东方精神传统的重要意义及目前全球迫切需要的智慧。本文将这个观点渗透在当前全球化产业园区和新资本主义市场经济的世界背景中。我们与其他现存宗教的邂逅让我们能够分享精神体验，也促使我们拥有一种更深入、更神秘的精神生活。我们不应该逃避宗教及其精神的深刻真理的内在含义。本文将强调甘地的生活及其对印度所做的贡献。他为争取印度的自由和国家的可持续发展所做的努力都建立在自我维持的社区上。甘地向我们展示了如何从种族中心主义的方式进化到超越种族中心主义界限的全球化方式。这是一种普遍的精神模式，这种模式根植于怜悯心并把现实视为神圣的映照。

关键词：亚洲精神传统跨文化精神新资本主义市场经济宗教间的生活对话甘地

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Blood Chemistry and Major Body Organ Induced-Toxicity by Locally-Made Traditional OMGKRP Karuho Poison in Wistar Albino Rats

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 272-291页

作者： Samuel Kule Kyolo John Odda aloysius Lubega Godfrey S. Bbosa Department of Pharmacy Provincial Hospital of North Kivu Goma DR. Congo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda

OMGKRP is one of various Karuho poison mysteriously used by unscrupulous individuals to kill people during conflict and animals in Goma City, in DRC. The symptoms and signs of most cases are usually confused with many chronic diseases like tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS;with renal, hepatic and cardiac manifestations as well as blood chemistry changes. The study investigated the toxic effect of OMGKRP poison on blood chemistry, serum enzymes and organ toxicity including the kidney, lung, liver and heart of Wistar albino rats. A laboratory-based experimental study was conducted. Fifty animals in 5 groups each with 10 animals were dosed daily for 28 days with 1.0 mg, 5.0 mg, 20.0 mg and 5000.0 mg/Kg body weight of OMGKRP and normal saline as control group. International standard guidelines, OECD 407 and NIH 2011 were followed during the study period. The blood chemistry analysis, relative organ weight and histopathological changes in the kidney, lung, liver and heart were performed. The findings showed that OMGKRP was associated with increased blood chemistry parameters including total proteins, creatinine, urea, K+?levels, direct albumin levels, a decrease in Cl−?levels and albumin levels. Histopathological findings showed an increased relative weight and tissue damages of the lung, kidney, liver and heart. Therefore, OMGKRP Karuho poison caused toxicity on blood chemistry, serum enzymes as well as histopathological changes in the lung, renal, hepatic and cardiac tissue damages in Wistar albino rats.

关键词： Blood Chemistry Serum Enzymes OMGKRP Karuho Poison Organ Toxicity Sub-Acute Toxicity

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Advances in treatment and prevention of hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2021年第4期12卷 56-78页

作者： Niraj James Shah Mark M aloysius Neil Rohit Sharma Kumar Pallav Department of Internal Medicine Digestive DiseaseUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Internal Medicine The Wright Center for Graduate Medical EducationScrantonPA 18505United States Department of Internal Medicine Interventional Oncology and Surgical EndoscopyParkview Regional Medical CenterParkview Cancer InstituteFort WayneIN 46845United States

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)continues to contribute to worldwide morbidity and mortality ***,clinicians,pharmaceutical companies,and health organizations have dedicated substantial Intellectual and monetary resources to finding a cure,increasing immunization rates,and reducing the global burden of *** and international health-related organizations including the center for disease control,the national institute of health,the American Association for the study of liver disease(AASLD),The European association for the study of the Liver(EASL),The Asia Pacific association for the study of the Liver(APASL)and the world health organization release periodic recommendations for disease prevention and *** review of the most recent guidelines by EASL,AASLD,APASL,and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver revealed that an overwhelming majority of cited studies were published before *** reviewed Hepatitis B-related literature published 2018 onwards to identify recent developments and current barriers that will likely direct future efforts towards eradicating hepatitis *** breakthrough in our understanding of the hepatitis B virus life cycle and resulting drug development is encouraging with significant room for further *** from high-risk populations,most vulnerable to the devastating effects of hepatitis B infection and reactivation remain *** of systems approach,optimization of experimental models,identification and validation of next-generation biomarkers,and precise modulation of the human immune response will be critical for future *** the foreseeable future,new treatments will likely complement conventional therapies rather than replace *** Importantly,pragmatic management of CHB related population health challenges must be prioritized to produce real-world results.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B prevention Hepatitis B treatment Hepatitis B vaccination Hepatitis B reactivation

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Enzyme-mediated hydrolytic activation of prodrugs

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2011年第3期1卷 143-159页

作者： Yan-hui Yang Herve aloysius Daigo Inoyama Yu Chen Long-qin Hun Department of Medicinal Chemistry Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA

Prodrug design is an important part of drug *** can offer many advantages over parent drugs such as increased solubility,enhanced stability,improved bioavailability,reduced side effects,and better *** prodrugs have been used successfully in the clinic;examples include oseltamivir in anti-influenza therapy,enalapril in anti-hypertension therapy,capecitabine in cancer therapy,and omeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer.A key step in prodrug design is the incorporation of an activation mechanism that can convert the prodrug into the active species in an efficient and/or controlled manner to meet the needs of a given medical *** activation can be achieved through enzyme-mediated hydrolytic or oxidoreductive processes while activation of some prodrugs may proceed through pure chemical nonenzymatic *** review focuses on the hydrolytic enzymes that have been used in prodrug activation,including transferases,hydrolases,and lyases.

关键词： Prodrugs Hydrolytic activation Transferase Hydrolase Lyase

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The Potential of Quartzitic Veins in SW Cameroon for High-Purity Quartz

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第4期13卷 281-302页

作者： Ngambu aloysius Afahnwie Arnold Chi Kedia Cheo Emmanuel Suh Cyrille Sigue Elisha Mutum Shemang Department of Geology Mining and Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Economic Geology Unit Department of Geology University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana

High-purity quartz (HPQ), the prime source of silica, is increasingly considered a strategic mineral in the world market because it is the raw material for special applications in high-tech industries owing to its unique physical and chemical properties. The expected growth in demand for HPQ implies that more sources have to be found. This is the primary motivation for this study which targets the Supe area, SW Region of Cameroon. The structural occurrences of quartz veins were mapped and samples collected. The chemical nature and textural features of these samples were subsequently analyzed by X-ray tomography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Three deformation events, D1 - D3 are recorded. D1 is marked by the development of the strong S1 foliation defined by the gneissic layering and schistosity. D2 is a NE-SW ductile to brittle sinistral shear that controlled the formation of tension gashes that served as subsequent pathways for quartz-rich hydrothermal fluids to circulate and eventually precipitate quartz. The presence of rutile, tourmaline, and mica inclusions in the Supe veins affects the purity of the quartz. However, quartz can be treated to improve its quality. Taking into consideration the nine determinant trace elements used to classify HPQ, three (Li, P, and B) are below detection limits, Al concentrations are within the HPQ, quartz market standard, and average natural abundance;Ti values are high above all three standards in all except one sample, while Na, Ca, K, and Fe values fluctuate, thus classifying one of the samples as high purity quartz and the others as low purity quartz. These veins define tension gashes which usually occur in an echelon arrangement covering a large surface area, suggesting that more of such veins probably exist in the Supe area. Consequently, the quality and potential quantity of HPQ veins in this area suggest a high potential

关键词： Quartz Veins High Purity Quartz X-Ray Tomography Rutile Tourmaline

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Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Total Crude Leaf Extract of Phytolacca dodecandrain Wistar Albino Rats

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 259-271页

作者： Loyce Nakalembe Josephine N. Kasolo Edward Nyatia aloysius Lubega Godfrey S. Bbosa Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine St Augustine International University Kampala Uganda Department of Medical Physiology Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda

Background: Pain is a common problem encountered in daily life among humans and animal and it is commonly managed conventionally using modern medicines and traditionally by use of medicinal plants. Phytolacca dodecandra is a common herb in Uganda, used traditionally to alleviate pain and inflammatory conditions. However, its activity in alleviating pain and inflammatory diseases has not been fully scientifically evaluated. Aim of Study: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of total crude leaf extracts of P. dodecandra in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: It was a laboratory-based experimental study. Acetic acid-induced writhing test was used to determine the analgesic activity and the histamine-induced paw edema formation for anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. Twenty eight animals were divided into 7 groups each with 4 rats and two (2) sets of data were obtained from each animal per group as per guidance of the refinement rule of 3Rs. For analgesic activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 150.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac sodium (Na) drug (positive control). For anti-inflammatory activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), Group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 300.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na. The percentage mean paw volume inhibition and percentage writhing protection were determined. Results: The mean percentage paw volume inhibitions were 29.1%, 74.2% and 32.3% at doses of 5.0, 40.0 mg/kg bwt and 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na respectively. The mean percentage writhing protection was 8.9%, 10.4%, 78.5% and 98.7% at doses of 150.0, 600.0, 1000.0 mg/kg of extract and 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na respectively. Conclusions: Total crude leaf extracts of P. dod

关键词： Phytolacca dodecandra Analgesic Anti-Inflammatory Total Crude Leaf Extract

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