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Evolution of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Rate in Mali from 2009 to 2018

Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 256-267页

作者： alou sanogo Mohamed Ag Baraïka Maïga Aminata Demba Koita Mahamadou Abdou Mamadou Guindo Clémentine N’Diaye Fatoumata Namoudou Traoré Abdoulaye Bagayoko Youssouf Diallo Flabou Bougoudogo Ibrehima Guindo National Institute for Public Health Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPH) University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali University Hospital Center (CHU)-Point G Bamako Mali Faculty of Medecine and Odonto-Stomatology University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali Sector Unit for the Fight against AIDS Tuberculosis and Hepatitis Bamako Mali UNICEF (United Nations Children’ s Fund) Bamako Mali

Despite enormous efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, it remains a major challenge for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mali. Our objective is to assess changes in the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We conducted a cross-sectional study between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 (10 years) of early diagnosis activity in newborns and children born to HIV-1-positive mothers at the National Institute for Public Health (INSP). The samples came from health and referral centers in mali. All samples were received at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the INSP. Proviral DNA extraction was performed from a blood spot sample with a Roche DNA kit, Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 qualitative Test, V2.0 (Roche Molecular System, Inc, USA) following the company procedures. Molecular diagnosis was performed using the same kits using an algorithm of three identical PCRs. The Epi Info version 7 software was used for data analysis with a significance threshold of 5%. A total of 10,714 samples of infants and children born to HIV-positive mothers were analyzed by PCR. Ninety-six percent of mothers were on ARV prophylaxis (AZT 3TC NVP and AZT NVP) and 60% of newborns received the same ARV prophylaxis. Of these children, 956 tested positive with an overall transmission rate of 8.92%, varying between 7.27% in 2009 and 08.01% in 2018. This rate was relatively low among children receiving prophylaxis at 2.04% and remained high for children who received breastfeeding at 5.62%. However, the transmission rate remains low for those who have benefited from mixed and artificial breastfeeding at 1.58% and 1.27% respectively. A significant proportion of children remained infected by their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. This study shows the importance of early diagnosis of HIV in children using molecular technology.

关键词： Early Diagnosis Mothers-to-Child Newborns PCR DNA HIV-1

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Postpartum Family Planning at the Timbuktu Hospital in Mali

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第7期14卷 1074-1082页

作者： Kassogué Djibril Samaké alou Dolo Akoro Sogoba Seydou Touré Lahaou Cissouma Assetou Kassogué Abdoulaye Maiga Mariam Mariko Souleymane Kantako Karamoko Ongoiba Oumar sanogo Ooumar Traoré Bassirima Sidibé Idrissa Mandé Kassambara Youssouf Traoré Halima Timbuktu Hospital Bamako Mali Commune VI Bamako District Hospital Bamako Mali CHU Point G Bamako Bamako Mali Sikasso Hospital Bamako Mali Nianankoro Fomba Sgou Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Postpartum family planning is the prevention of pregnancies during the 12 months following childbirth. Few studies have been devoted to postpartum family planning in Mali. Our work will contribute to reducing unmet need for family planning. Objective: To study the use of contraceptive methods in the postpartum period in the obstetrics and gynecology unit of Timbuktu hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective collection of data from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023. All women who gave birth having chosen and benefited from a contraceptive method were included. The statistical test used was the Fisher test with a significance threshold fixed at 5%. Results: The frequency of contraception in the postpartum period was 17.03%. The average age of clients was 26.14% with extremes of 14 and 45 years. They were paupiparous at 56.4% with an inter-birth interval of less than 12 months at 12.3%. More than half of the counseling (58.5%) was done during postnatal visits. The methods chosen were implants at 48.1%, injectable progestins at 21.3%, intrauterine device at 14.7%, miro-progestin pills at 13.5%, tubal ligation at 1 .4% and condoms at 1%. The regular follow-up rate was 51.1% of cases and 25.6% had no follow-up. Conclusion: The overall rate of postpartum family planning of 17.08% remains low. Improving FP staff skills will reduce unmet needs and contribute to increasing contraceptive prevalence in Timbuktu.

关键词： Family Planning Postpartum Counseling Contraceptive Methods Timbuktu Hospital

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Mothers’ Level of Schooling, Monitoring of Their Pregnancy and Perinatal Prognosis at the Reference Health Centre of Commune V of the District of Bamako

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第2期13卷 383-394页

作者： Albachar Hamidou Sitapha Dembélé Cheickna Sylla Sissoko Hamady Seydou Z. Dao alou Samaké Saleck Doumbia Cissao Chiaka sanogo Siaka Amara Sema Keita Reference Health Center of Kayes Kayes Mali Reference Health Centre of Commune V of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research in Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes Kayes Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital Bamako Mali Reference Health Centre of Commune III of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Reference Health Centre of Commune II of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Reference Health Centre of Commune VI of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Fana Koulikoro Mali

Introduction: The level of schooling of mothers is a determining factor in the follow-up of pregnancy and consequently the prognosis of childbirth and the quality of the newborn. Objective: The aim was to assess the impact of the level of education on the follow-up of their pregnancy and perinatal prognosis at the Reference Health Centre of Commune V of the District of Bamako. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study aimed descriptive from August 15 to December 15, 2021. We included in this study all pregnant women who had a gestational age of at least 22 weeks of amenorrhea and who gave birth or were received in the immediate postpartum period at the maternity ward of the Reference Health Center of Commune V. Results: Out-of-school parturients accounted for 60% of cases. Among the parturients in school, 18% had a higher level. In our study, 14.3% of women in labour knew the date of the last menstrual period. In our series, 100% of mothers in higher and secondary school had completed an antenatal consultation (CPN) compared to 90.7% in the out-of-school mothers. CPN1 was performed in the first trimester of pregnancy in 21.1% among out-of-school parturients compared to 83.5% among higher-level parturients. The number of NPCs was greater than or equal to 4 in 47.9% of parturients. Conclusion: Women’s schooling has an impact on their socio-economic conditions on the one hand and on the monitoring and prognosis of pregnancies on the other.

关键词： Level Schooling Mothers Aftercare Pregnancy Prognosis

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Acute Peritonitis at the Reference Health Center of Commune I of the District of Bamako: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects

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Surgical Science 2023年第12期14卷 728-737页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake Hamidou Maïga Amadou Cisse alou Hamadoun Diarra Issaka sanogo Modibo Togola Modibo Dembele Bakary Tientigui Traore Alhassane Togo Pierre Adegne Kante Lassana Department of General Surgery Cs Ref of Commune I of Bamako Bamako Mali Central Directorate of Social Service of Army Health Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery Gabriel Toure University Hospital Bamako Mali

Acute peritonitis is most often secondary to perforation of the digestive organ and/or the spread of an intra-abdominal septic focus. The objectives of this work were to study acute peritonitis in the general surgery department of the Cs ref of commune I in Mali, to determine the frequency of peritonitis, to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects in order to analyze the surgical consequences and to assess the additional cost of treating acute peritonitis. This study was prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional involving 40 patients received in the surgery department of the Cs ref of commune I for acute peritonitis from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. There were 40 patients among whom 28 (70%) were men and 12 were women (30%), i.e. a sex ratio = 2.3. The average age was 25 years with extremes varying between 16 and 54 years and a standard deviation of 11.78. Abdominal pain was the main reason for consultation. Clinical examination alone made it possible to make the diagnosis in 75% of cases. Surgical treatment depended on the intraoperative etiology. The clinical diagnosis was supported by ASP and abdominal ultrasound;performed respectively in 10% and 90% of patients. Appendiceal peritonitis was the intraoperative diagnosis observed in 50% of cases. All our patients benefited from a peritoneal toilet with drainage. We noted a morbidity rate of 5% dominated by parietal suppuration. The average cost of care was 175,000 FCFA.

关键词： Acute Peritonitis Epidemiology Diagnostic Therapy Surgical Emergencies Cs Ref CI Bamako Mali

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Men’s Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions on Family Planning in Tourourou Village, Gogui Rural Commune, Nioro Circle, Kayes Region of Mali

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第3期13卷 662-680页

作者： alou Samaké Sitapha Dembele Mamadou Keita Cheickna Sylla Dramane Haidara Mamadou Haidara Mamadou Diallo Moussa Konaté Mariam Maiga Mohamed Saydi Agmed Elméhdi Elansari Djibril Kassogué Seydou Zana Dao Hawa Samaké Abdoulaye Nouhoun Coulibaly Brehima Samaké Coulibaly Moussa Mariko Seydou Abdoulaye Cissé Séma Kéita Siaka Amara sanogo Seydou Fané Reference Health Center of Commune VI of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics of Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes Kayes Mali Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Gabriel Toure Bamako Mali Timbuktu Hospital Bamako Mali Reference Health Centre of Commune V of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Kalaban Coro Reference Health Center Bamako Mali Nianankoro Fomba Hospital of Segou Segou Mali Reference Health Center of Commune II of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali National Institute of Training in Health Sciences Bamako Mali Regional Health Directorate of Kayes Kayes Mali Fana Reference Health Center Koulikoro Mali

Introduction: The involvement of men in reproductive health programmes and more specifically in family planning has always been of concern to the various development actors at both national and international levels. Objective: To study the births, ideas and opinions of men on Family Planning in the village of Tourourou. Material and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study from February 1 to July 31, 2020 in the village of TOUROUROU on the Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Men on Family Planning. We included in our study, all men residing in TOUROUROU whose age is between 14 and 99 years, who agreed to participate in the study. Results: Our study involved 200 men. The 25 - 29 age group was the most represented with 25.5%. The Soninke had represented 41%. In our study, 97.5% of men had heard of family planning, 62% had spontaneously cited at least one modern contraceptive method, and the pill ranked first with 64.5%. Radio and friends were the most frequent sources of information with 57.5% and 54.5% respectively. Birth spacing was the most cited family planning goal by men in 43.5% of cases. Men supported the practice of family planning in 50.5% of cases. Conclusion: In the village of Tourourou men play a crucial role in decision-making concerning the health of the couple and the family, their effective involvement in Reproductive Health especially in Family Planning will contribute enormously to the improvement of the health of the family.

关键词： Knowledge Attitudes Perceptions Men Planning Family

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