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The wonders of BMP9:From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis,and metabolism to regenerative medicine

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Genes & Diseases 2019年第3期6卷 201-223页

作者： Sami Mostafa Mikhail Pakvasa Elam Coalson allen zhu Alex Alverdy Hector Castillo Jiaming Fan Alex Li Yixiao Feng Di Wu Elliott Bishop Scott Du Mia Spezia Alissa Li Ofir Hagag Alison Deng Winny Liu Mingyang Li Sherwin S·Ho Aravind Athiviraham Michael J·Lee Jennifer Moriatis Wolf Guillermo A·Ameer Hue H·Luu Rex C·Haydon Jason Strelzow Kelly Hynes Tong-Chuan He Russell R·Reid The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine ChicagoIL 60637USA Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development Section of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryThe University of Chicago MedicineChicagoIL 60637USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Rosalind Franklin University Chicago Medical SchoolNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA SIR Program Illinois Math and Science Academy(IMSA)AuroraIL 60506USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA The Department of Surgery Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL60616USA

Although bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle,it has since been determined that these proteins,as members of the TGF-b superfamily,play a diverse and critical array of biological *** roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation,angiogenesis,and development and homeostasis of multiple organ *** of the members of the TGF-b/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities,suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP *** it was once one of the least characterized BMPs,BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo,with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other *** effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants,revealing the great translational promise of ***,emerging evidence indicates that,besides its osteogenic activity,BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions,including stem cell differentiation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis,and *** review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body.

关键词： Adipogenesis Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) BMP9/GDF2 Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) Metabolism Osteogenesis Regenerative medicine Tumorigenesis

Nano-Structured Carbide-Derived Carbon Films and Their Tribology

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第6期10卷 699-703页

作者： Michael McNallan Daniel Ersoy Ranyi zhu allen Lee Christopher White Sascha Welz Yury Gogotsi Ali Erdemir Andriy Kovalchenko CME Department M/C 246 University of illinois at Chicago 842 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL 60607 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Energy Technology Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA

Carbide-derived carbon （CDC） is a form of carbon produced by reacting metal carbides, such as SiC or TiC, with halogens at temperatures high enough to produce fast kinetics, but too low to permit the rearrangement of the carbon atoms into an equilibrium graphitic structure. The structure of CDC is derivative of the original carbide structure and contains nanoscale porosity and both sp2 and sp3 bonded carbon in a variety of nanoscale structures. CDC can be produced as a thin film on hard carbides to improve their tribological performance. CDC coatings are distinguished by their low friction coefficients and high wear resistance in many important industrial environments and by their resistance to spallation and delamination. The tribology of CDC coatings on SiC surfaces is described in detail.

关键词： carbon coatings tribology friction chlorination

Effects of salt stress on rice growth, development characteristics, and the regulating ways： A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2357-2374页

作者： Sajid Hussain ZHANG Jun-hua ZHONG Chu zhu Lian-feng CAO Xiao-chuang YU Sheng-miao allen Bohr James HU Ji-jie JIN Qian-yu State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 P.R. China

Rice （Oryza safiva L.） is highly susceptible to the rhizosphere salinity than other cereals. High sensitivity has been ob- served, mainly at vegetative and reproductive stages in rice. It is the duty of plant physiologists to comprehend the growth, development, and physiological processes of rice plants under stress. This paper includes the overview of rice growth and developmental processes influenced by salt stress and the regulation pathways involved in these processes. It also includes the promising salt tolerance strategies, i.e., genetic modification techniques, agronomic practices to improve rice growth, yield; and role of phytohormones and their management, especially inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by using inhibitors 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）. Rice cultivation may be a first choice for improvement of salt tolerance through plant growth regulators and improved cultivation techniques. This study will significantly improve the understanding toward low rice grain yield and poor rice resistance under salt stress and will also stream scientific knowledge for effective utilization of salt affected soils by using different regulating ways.

关键词： rice salt stress ethylene 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) physiology

Exposures to temperature beyond threshold disproportionately reduce vegetation growth in the northern hemisphere

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 786-795页

作者： Xiuchen Wu Weichao Guo Hongyan Liu Xiaoyan Li Changhui Peng Craig D.allen Cicheng Zhang Pei Wang Tingting Pei Yujun Ma Yuhong Tian Zhaoliang Song Wenquan zhu Yang Wang Zongshan Li Deliang Chen State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University College of Urban and Environmental Science Peking University Institute of Environment Sciences University of Quebec at Montreal US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterJemez Mountains Field Station Institute of the Surface-Earth System Science Research Tianjin University State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Gothenburg

In recent decades, terrestrial vegetation in the northern hemisphere(NH) has been exposed to warming and more extremely high temperatures. However, the consequences of these changes for terrestrial vegetation growth remain poorly quantified and understood. By examining a satellite-based vegetation index, tree-ring measurements and land-surface model simulations, we discovered a consistent convex pattern in the responses of vegetation growth to temperature exposure(TE) for forest, shrub and grass in both the temperate(30?-50?N) and boreal(50?-70?N) NH during the period of 1982-2012. The response of vegetation growth to TE for the three vegetation types in both the temperate and boreal NH increased convergently with increasing temperature, until vegetation type-dependent temperature thresholds were reached. A TE beyond these temperature thresholds resulted in disproportionately weak positive or even strong negative responses. Vegetation growth in the boreal NH was more vulnerable to extremely high-temperature events than vegetation growth in the temporal NH. The non-linear responses discovered here provide new insights into the dynamics of northern terrestrial ecosystems in a warmer world.

关键词： temperature exposure vegetation growth extremely high temperature non-linear response temperate and boreal northern hemisphere

Efficient and Stable Exponential Runge-Kutta Methods for Parabolic Equations

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2017年第1期9卷 157-172页

作者： Liyong zhu School of Mathematics and Systems Science Beihang UniversityXueyuan Road No.37Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

In this paper we develop explicit fast exponential Runge-Kutta methods for the numerical solutions of a class of parabolic *** incorporating the linear splitting technique into the explicit exponential Runge-Kutta schemes,we are able to greatly improve the numerical *** proposed numerical methods could be fast implemented through use of decompositions of compact spatial difference operators on a regular mesh together with discrete fast Fourier transform *** exponential Runge-Kutta schemes are easy to be adopted in adaptive temporal approximations with variable time step sizes,as well as applied to stiff nonlinearity and boundary conditions of different *** stabilities of the proposed schemes and their comparison with other schemes are *** also numerically demonstrate accuracy,stability and robustness of the proposed method through some typical model problems.

关键词： Exponential Runge-Kutta method explicit scheme linear splitting discrete fast Fourier transforms allen-Cahn equation

Convergence Rate for Galerkin Approximation of the Stochastic allen–Cahn Equations on 2D Torus

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2021年第3期37卷 471-490页

作者： Ting MA Rong Chan zhu College of Mathematics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065P.R.China Department of Mathematics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081P.R.China Department of Mathematics University of BielefeldD-33615 BielefeldGermany

In this paper we discuss the convergence rate for Galerkin approximation of the stochastic allen–Cahn equations driven by space-time white noise on T^(2). First we prove that the convergence rate for stochastic 2D heat equation is of order α-δ in Besov space C^(-α) for α∈(0, 1) and δ > 0 arbitrarily small. Then we obtain the convergence rate for Galerkin approximation of the stochastic allen–Cahn equations of order α-δ in C^(-α) for α∈(0, 2/9) and δ > 0 arbitrarily small.

关键词： Stochastic allen–Cahn equations convergence rate Galerkin projection Besov space white noise

High-resolution body wave tomography models of the upper mantle beneath eastern China and the adjacent areas

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High-resolution body wave tomography models of the upper man...

CPSDv0: a forest stand structure database for plantation forests in China

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2012年度（第12届）学术年会

作者： Liang Zhao Richard M.allen Tianyu Zheng Rixiang zhu State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Setsmologtcal Laboratory University of California

[1]We present new 3-D tomographic models of V,V and V/V ratio anomalies in the upper mantle beneath EC and adjacent *** data was collected and interpreted with the goal of clarifying geodynamic processes that caused spatially variable event histories throughout Eastern China(EC) during Mesozoic to Cenozoic *** tomographic images were constructed by inverting body wave travel-times recorded at～1300 stations within the upgraded China National Seismic Network,and 9 temporary arrays. Resolution tests for different depths and the featured velocity anomalies verify that the tomographic images capture the velocity heterogeneities in the upper mantle to depths of 700 *** salient features of V,V and V/V ratio anomalies can be clearly *** include strong multiscale heterogeneities occupying the upper mantle beneath EC and differences in the spatial scale of anomalies found beneath northern and southern areas of *** features demonstrate a degree of spatial variability in the geodynamic evolution of *** propose two mechanisms to explain these ***,the western front of the subducted slab may have imparted greater horizontal compressional stress in areas where it impinged further eastward into EC,These areas would experience stronger convection and an altered stress regime in the upper mantle,creating significant thermal anomalies beneath the South China Block(SCB) relative to the eastern North China Craton(NCC).Second,differing thermal states and viscosities for the eastern NCC and the Cathaysia Block(CaB) resulted in differing responses to regional *** Archean hinterland of the eastern NCC specifically has a colder thermal state and higher viscosity,and therefore exhibits only small-scale heterogeneities due to the effect of shear *** Neoproterozoic CaB has a relatively warm thermal state with lower viscosity,and thus deformed more continuously.

关键词： body-wave tomography eastern China upper mantle structures

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Big Earth Data 2023年第1期7卷 212-230页

作者： Xiuchen Wu Xiaofei Jiang Hongyan Liu Craig allen Xiaoyan Li Pei Wang Zongshan Li Yuting Yang Shulei Zhang Fangzhong Shi Jiaojun zhu Pengtao Yu Mei Zhou Pengwu Zhao Yanhui Wang Chao Yue Deliang Chen State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking UniversityBeijingChina U.S.Geological Survey-Nebraska Cooperative Fish&Wildlife Research Unit School of Natural Resources423 Hardin HallUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Qingyuan Forest CERNInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China Research Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina Academy of Forestry Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHuhhotChina State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden

Forest stand structure is not only a crucial factor for regulating forest functioning but also an important indicator for sustainable forest management and ecosystem *** there exists a few national/global structure databases for natural forests,a country-wide synthetic structure database for plantation forests over China,the world’s largest player in plantation forests,has not been *** this study,we built a country-wide synthetic stand structure database by surveying more than 600 peer-reviewed *** database covers tree species,mean stand age,mean tree height,stand density,canopy coverage,diameter at breast height,as well as the associated ancillary in-situ topographical and soil properties.A total of 594 pub-lished studies concerning diverse forest stand structure parameters were compiled for 46 tree *** first synthesis for stand structure of plantation forests over China supports studies on the evolution/health of plantation forests in response to rapid climate change and intensified disturbances,and benefits country-wide sustainable forest management,future afforestation or reforestation *** users include those studying forest community dynamics,regional tree growth,ecosystem stability,and health,as well as those working with conservation and sustainable *** dataset is freely acces-sible at http://***/10.11922/sciencedb.j00076.00091.

关键词： Stand structure plantation tree age tree height stand density canopy coverage

QTL and candidate genes associated with common bacterial blight resistance in the common bean cultivar Longyundou 5 from China

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The Crop Journal 2016年第5期4卷 344-352页

作者： Jifeng zhu Jing Wu Lanfen Wang Matthew W.Blair Zhendong zhu Shumin Wang Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Agriculture & Environment Tennessee State University

Common bacterial blight(CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans(Xff), is a worldwide disease of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.).Longyundou 5, a Chinese cultivar in the Mesoamerican gene pool of common bean, displays resistance to the Xff strain XSC3-1. To identify the genetic mechanisms behind this resistance,we crossed Long 5 with a susceptible genotype to develop a mapping population of F2 *** resistance to CBB was identified at 14 and 21 days after inoculation with Xff strain XSC3-1.A major QTL at 14 and 21 days after inoculation was mapped on chromosome Pv10 with LOD scores of 6.41 and 5.35, respectively. This locus was associated with SAP6, a previouslyidentified and much-used dominant marker, but in a 4.2 cM interval between new codominant markers BMp10s174 and BMp10s244. Ten candidate genes were found between markers BMp10s174 and BMp10s244 on chromosome Pv10 and could encode defense response proteins responding to CBB pathogens. Four pairs each of epistatic QTL for CBB resistance were detected at 14 and 21 days after inoculation. Phenotypic variation explained by the epistatic QTL ranged from 7.19% to 12.15% and 7.72% to 8.80% at 14 and 21 days after inoculation, respectively. These results confirmed the importance of epistasis in CBB resistance in common bean. The adjacent markers found may be more efficient for marker assisted selection in common bean breeding for CBB resistance owing to their closer linkage to the target QTL.

关键词： Common bean(Phaseoius vulgaris L.) Common bacterial blight Quantitative trait locus Days after inoculation