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执法人员预防艾滋病传染对策的制定

中国法医学杂志 1993年第3期8卷 188-189页

作者：张剑敏 allen f.anderson 李永春昆明医学院法医学系 Department pf Criminal Justice. Mount Mercy College Cedar RapidsIowaUSA. 昆明市公安局官渡分局

艾滋病,即人类获得性免疫缺陷综合症,一种病原为人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的传染性疾病,其潜伏期长(平均7年左右),传染途径多,目前尚无很好的治疗药物和预防疫苗。我国的艾滋病疫情也呈迅速蔓延的趋势。经查明的感染人数607人,患者8人。已... 详细信息

艾滋病,即人类获得性免疫缺陷综合症,一种病原为人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的传染性疾病,其潜伏期长(平均7年左右),传染途径多,目前尚无很好的治疗药物和预防疫苗。我国的艾滋病疫情也呈迅速蔓延的趋势。经查明的感染人数607人,患者8人。已引起我国政府部门的高度重视,并制定了一系列有关条例、

关键词：执法人员预防对策艾滋病流行病学

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美国监狱中的艾滋病管理

中国艾滋病性病 2006年第1期12卷 94-95,72页

作者： allen f.anderson 许晓晖褚天新许华美国印第安纳大学公共和环境学院公共卫生系中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心北京100050 北京市疾病预防控制中心北京100013 中华预防医学会旅行卫生专业委员会北京100013

监狱中聚集着大量艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染高危险的人群,监狱管理者必须面临着各种各样艾滋病相关的问题,包括对HIV感染者合适的医疗保健、保护其他囚犯和监狱管理人员免于感染、保证HIV感染者不会受到歧视、确定合适的HIV筛查范围、平衡资... 详细信息

监狱中聚集着大量艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染高危险的人群,监狱管理者必须面临着各种各样艾滋病相关的问题,包括对HIV感染者合适的医疗保健、保护其他囚犯和监狱管理人员免于感染、保证HIV感染者不会受到歧视、确定合适的HIV筛查范围、平衡资源等复杂问题。同时高危个体非常聚集的监狱也为监狱和公共卫生官员对艾滋病的总体预防和控制提供了前所未有的机会。在美国,通过控制监狱中的高危行为、加强对囚犯和监管官员艾滋病的日常教育、实施系统化的检测、治疗和释放前规划,促进公共卫生和监狱官员的合作,从而对限制HIV在更广范围内的传播(不仅是监狱环境)产生良好的效果。

关键词：监狱艾滋病管理

吉林省受艾滋病影响儿童青少年相关情况及关怀与支持活动调查

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中国卫生工程学 2006年第2期5卷 71-73页

作者：侯祥 allen f anderson 孟向东徐迪祥李志和 Hillary E anderson 张新刚范吉祥郎莹张孝伟臧力权吉林省疾病预防控制中心吉林长春13006 美国印第安那大学公共与环境事务学院公共卫生系吉林省劳动卫生与职业病防治院美国北卡罗来大学公共卫生学院吉林市船营区疾病预防控制中心吉林省永吉县疾病预防控制中心吉林市船营区收登站镇关爱医院

目的了解吉林省受艾滋病影响儿童青少年的家庭经济生活、心理、学习和医疗保健等方面情况，以及近年来对其开展的关怀支持活动效果，探讨有效措施和方法保证其健康成长。方法在两个感染者相对集中、属于艾滋病综合防治示范区的县区随机... 详细信息

目的了解吉林省受艾滋病影响儿童青少年的家庭经济生活、心理、学习和医疗保健等方面情况，以及近年来对其开展的关怀支持活动效果，探讨有效措施和方法保证其健康成长。方法在两个感染者相对集中、属于艾滋病综合防治示范区的县区随机选取58名7．18岁受艾滋病影响儿童青少年进行调查。结果58名受艾滋病影响儿童青少年均生活在农村，父母双亡1人，单亡11人；父母均患有艾滋病9人，一方患有艾滋病37人。家庭年平均收人2400元，低于当地的平均收人水平（3000元）。45名（77．59％）在校学习。自述得知父母患有艾滋病后学习成绩没有发生变化25名（55．56％），学习成绩下降11名（24．44％），学习成绩不稳定6名（13．33％），学习成绩有所提高3名（6．67％）。19名（32．76％）存在心理压力。24人（41．38％）担心父母的病情，不愿让他人知道父母患有艾滋病。51人（87．93％）了解艾滋病预防知识。58名受艾滋病影响儿童青少年都希望没有歧视、平等的生活，能够得到基本的医疗保健。当地政府落实了国家“四免一关怀”政策，学校内外进行了反歧视教育、生活技能培训及关怀与支持活动。结论受艾滋病影响儿童青少年在生活、心理、学习、医疗保健方面需要社会的帮助，开展关怀与支持活动能够促进他们的健康成长。

关键词：受艾滋病影响儿童青少年关怀与支持反歧视教育

Petrography and chronology of lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 6950

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 182-194页

作者： Zemin BAO Yuruo SHI J.Lawford anderson allen KENNEDY Zuokai KE Xiangping GU Peizhi WANG Xiaochao CHE Yuelan KANG Huiyi SUN Chen WANG Beijing SHRIMP Center Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences John de Laeter Centre Curtin University Department of Earth and Environment Boston University School of Geosciences and Infophysics Central South University

Northwest Africa(NWA) 6950 is an olivine-gabbro lunar meteorite that has a distinctly different petrographic texture from other lunar basalts. In this contribution, we report the petrography, mineralogy,and U-Pb geochronology of baddeleyite and phosphate in this lunar meteorite and make a comparison with other NWA 773 paired meteorites. NWA 6950 consists mainly of coarse-grained olivine, pyroxene,and plagioclase, with minor ilmenite, chromite, troilite, baddeleyite, taenite, and apatite. The abundant rounded to euhedral olivine has a limited fo ranging from 68 to 69. Pyroxenes include both augite and pigeonite, with a narrow range of Mg#=71–80, and composition, respectively, EnfsWoand EnfsWo. Plagioclase is mainly anhedral, conforming to the crystal margins of olivine and pyroxene. The plagioclase grains are elongated and several hundreds of microns in length. Raman spectra shows that plagioclase has been transformed into maskelynite, which is very calcic(An87-95) with low sodium and very low potassium(Ab4-9 Or 0.6-3.7). The weighted mean207 Pb/206 Pb ages of baddeleyite and phosphate measured using a sensitive high resolution ion micro probe(SHRIMP II) are 3119 ± 16 Ma(n = 9, MSWD= 2.5)(mean squared weighted deviates, MSWD) and 3119 ± 18 Ma(n = 15, MSWD = 2.1), respectively,giving the crystallization age of the meteorite. NWA 6950 has similar mineral compositions, geochemical characteristics, and an almost identical age of crystallization to the magnesian gabbro of the NWA 773 *** conclude that NWA 6950 and NWA 773 are paired meteorites, which crystallize at ca. 3119 Ma, and represent magmatic activities in the KREEP(potassium(K), rare earth elements(REE) and phosphorus(P) rich lunar material) region of the Moon.

关键词： Northwest Africa 6950 lunar meteorite U-Pb chronology baddeleyite phosphate

Role of arthropod communities in bioenergy crop litter decomposition

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 671-678页

作者： Arthur R. Zangerl Saber Miresmailli Paul Nabity allen Lawrance Alan Yanahan Corey A. Mitchell Kristina J. anderson-Teixeira Mark B. David May R. Berenbaum Evan H. DeLucia Department of Entomology Energy Bioscience Institute Department of Plant Biology Institute of Genomic Biology Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

The extensive land use conversion expected to occur to meet demands for bioenergy feedstock production will likely have widespread impacts on agroecosystem biodiversity and ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration. Although arthropod detritivores are known to contribute to litter decomposition and thus energy flow and nutrient cycling in many plant communities, their importance in bioenergy feedstock communities has not yet been assessed. We undertook an experimental study quantifying rates of litter mass loss and nutrient cycling in the presence and absence of these organisms in three bioenergy feedstock crops—miscanthus （Miscanthus x giganteus）, switchgrass （Panicum virgatum）, and a planted prairie community. Overall arthropod abundance and litter decomposition rates were similar in all three communities. Despite effective reduction of arthropods in experimental plots via insecticide application, litter decomposition rates, inorganic nitrogen leaching, and carbon–nitrogen ratios did not differ significantly between control （with arthropods） and treatment （without arthropods） plots in any of the three community types. Our findings suggest that changes in arthropod faunal composition associated with widespread adoption of bioenergy feedstock crops may not be associated with profoundly altered arthropod-mediated litter decomposition and nutrient release.

关键词： biodiversity bioenergy decomposition detritivore land use change prairie

Impact of single annual treatment and four-monthly treatment for hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides,and factors associated with residual infection among Kenyan school children

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 249-260页

作者： Stella Kepha Charles S.Mwandawiro Roy M.anderson Rachel L.Pullan fred Nuwaha Jorge Cano Sammy M.Njenga Maurice R.Odiere Elizabeth allen Simon J.Brooker Birgit Nikolay School of Public Health Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)NairobiKenya London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine LondonUK Centre for Global Health Research KEMRIKisumuKenya KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme NairobiKenya

Background:School-based deworming is widely implemented in various countries to reduce the burden of soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),however,the frequency of drug administration varies in different *** this study,we compared the impact of a single annual treatment and 4-monthly treatment over a follow-up among Kenyan school children,and investigated the factors associated with residual ***:We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial investigating whether deworming for STHs alters risk of acquiring *** received either a single treatment or 4-monthly albendazole treatments were followed longitudinally from february 2014 to October *** relative impact of treatment and factors associated with residual infections were investigated using mixed-effects regression *** to infection was assessed based on Spearman’s rank and Kendall’s Tau correlation ***:In the 4-monthly treatment group,the proportion of children infected with hookworm decreased from 59.9 to 5.7%,while Ascaris lumbricoides infections dropped from 55.7 to 6.2%.In the single treatment group,hookworm infections decreased over the same time period from 58.7 to 18.3%(12.6%absolute difference in reduction,95%CI:8.9-16.3%),and *** from 56.7 to 23.3%(17.1%absolute difference in reduction,95%CI:13.1-21.1%).There was strong evidence for predisposition to both STH *** hookworm infection among children on 4-monthly treatment were associated with male sex and baseline nutritional status,whereas *** infection was associated with individual and school-level infection at baseline,latrine cleanliness at ***:This study found that 4-monthly treatment w more effective than single annual *** treatments led to dramatic reductions in the intensities of STHs,but did not completely clear infections among school children in Kenya,a presumed reflection of reinfection in a setti

关键词： School-based deworming Soil-transmitted helminths Albendazole School children Kenya

Earth observation in service of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 77-96页

作者： Katherine anderson Barbara Ryan William Sonntag Argyro Kavvada Lawrence friedl Group on Earth Observations GenevaSwitzerland Booz allen Hamilton WashingtonDCUSA NASA Earth Science Division WashingtonDCUSA

This paper reviews the key role that Earth Observations(EO)play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as articulated in the 2030 Agenda document and in monitoring,measuring,and reporting on progress towards the associated *** paper also highlights how the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)would contribute to ensure the actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda;and how the Global Earth Observations System of Systems meets requirements for efficient investments in science and technology and a good return on investment,which is elaborated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on development *** a number of examples,we first discuss how extensive EO use would:provide a substantial contribution to the achievements of the SDGs by enabling informed decision-making and by allowing monitoring of the expected results;improve national statistics for greater accuracy,by ensuring that the data are“spatially-explicit”and directly contribute to calculate the agreed SDG Targets and Indicators support the fostering of synergy between the SDGs and multilateral environmental agreements by addressing cross-cutting themes such as climate and energy;and facilitate countries’approaches for working across different development sectors,which is,according to the special adviser on the 2030 Agenda,a key challenge to achieve the *** then focus on the role that GEO could play in enabling actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda by directly addressing the Strategic Development Goal 17 on partnerships.

关键词： Earth observation Group on Earth Observations(GEO) Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) the 2030 Agenda

ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌术后三维适形放疗与常规放疗的初步比较

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中华放射肿瘤学杂志 2006年第4期15卷 263-267页

作者：林原 LIAOZhong-xing allen Pamela CHANG Joe COX James KOMAKI Ritsuko 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院放疗科上海200032 M.D. anderson Cancer Center USA

目的回顾性比较ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后三维适形放疗(3DCRT组)和常规放疗(CRT组)的近期疗效及放疗反应。方法对美国安德森癌症中心收治的114例ⅢA期NSCLC患者的术后放疗资料进行回顾性分析。CRT组63例,3DCRT组51例。CRT组放疗中... 详细信息

目的回顾性比较ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后三维适形放疗(3DCRT组)和常规放疗(CRT组)的近期疗效及放疗反应。方法对美国安德森癌症中心收治的114例ⅢA期NSCLC患者的术后放疗资料进行回顾性分析。CRT组63例,3DCRT组51例。CRT组放疗中位剂量为53．5 Gy分27次,3DCRT组的为52．8 Gy分26次,均在5～6周内完成。结果CRT、3DCRT组中位随访时间分别为28、13个月。两组近期放疗反应、局部控制率及无远处转移生存率等无差异。1、2年总生存率CRT组为80%、62%,3DCRT组为93%、70%。1、2年无瘤生存率CRT组为62%、44%,3DCRT组为58%、32%。两组死亡原因有统计学差异,CRT组有4例死于与心脏损伤有关的并发症,而3DCRT组则无。结论ⅢA期NSCLC术后三维适形放疗可取得与常规放疗类似的近期疗效而并不增加局部复发和远处转移的危险性,对心脏的损伤有降低趋势,对生存率影响则有待更长时间的随访结果。

关键词：癌,非小细胞肺/放射疗法三维适形放射疗法预后

Evaluation of conventional radiotherapy vs. conformal radiotherapy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer after surgical resection

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The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007年第6期6卷 514-518页

作者： Yuan Lin Zhongxing Liao Ritsuko Komaki Pamela allen James D. Cox Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Hospital Fudan University Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

Objective： To compare the survival fractions and radiation-induced complications of conventional radiotherapy （CV） vs. conformal radiotherapy （Cf） for non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） after surgical resection. Methods： Between 1990 and 2002, 167 patients underwent post-radiotherapy either CV （n = 90） or Cf （n = 77） for pathological IliA NSCLC at the University of Texas M.D. anderson Cancer Center. Patients and tumor charactedstics were balanced in the two treatment groups. Surgical resection mainly consisted of Iobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. In the CV group, postoperative radiotherapy was delivered to 54.3 Gy （range 22-69.6 Gy） in 27 fractions （range 11-58 f） for 5-6 weeks, while the Cf group with RT to 53.9 Gy （range 50-63 Gy） in 26 fractions （range 25-33 f） for 5-6 weeks. Overall survival, disease-free survival, local control and distant metastasis-free survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The complications of radiotherapy were also compared between the two groups. The median follow-up duration was 36 months in the CV group while 24 months in the Cf group. Results： No statistically significant differences were found in terms of disease-free survival, local-regional control and distant metastasis-free survival in the two treatment groups. However, the overall survival was found statistically significant different in the two groups （P = 0.014）. Postoperative radiotherapy complications such as weight loss, skin reaction, dysphagia, and cardiac related complication were similar in the two groups although the lung fibrosis, cardiac complications and hematologic complications were significantly different, and 8 cases of death in the CV group associated with cardiac complications while none was observed in the Cf group. Conclusion： The treatment of stage IliA NSCLC using either CV or Cf postoperative radiotherapy resulted in similar outcomes in terms of local control, disease-free survival and most of complications. However, Cf coul

关键词： non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) postoperative radiotherapy outcome