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International.Journal.of Automation and computing 2013年第1期10卷 53-63页

作者： Joarder Mohammad Mustafa Kamal.Mohammad Shahidul.Hasan alison l. griffiths Hongnian Yu Facul.y of Computing Engineering and Technology Staffordshire University School.of Design Engineering and Computing Bournemouth University

There is a l.ck of appropriate guidel.nes for real.stic user traces, mobil.ty model., routing protocol., considerations of real.l.fe chal.enges, etc. for general.purpose mobil. ad hoc networks （MANET）. In this paper, four l.ptops are used in an open fiel. environment in four scenarios to eval.ate the performances of Internet control.message protocol.（ICMP） based ping and transmission control.protocol.（TCP） based streaming video appl.cations using optimised l.nk state routing （Ol.R） impl.mentation in an IEEE 802.11g wirel.ss network. Corresponding simul.tions are devel.ped in Network Simul.tor ns-2 by setting simul.tion parameters according to the real.experiments. Difficul.ies faced to regenerate real.l.fe scenarios have been discussed and the gaps between real.ty and simul.tion are identified. A setup guidel.ne to produce real.stic simul.tion resul.s has been establ.shed.

关键词： Mobil. ad-hoc networks (MANET) real.l.fe experiment Internet control.message protocol.(ICMP) user datagram protocol.(UDP) transmission control.protocol.(TCP) optimised l.nk state routing (Ol.R) ns-2

A Comparison of Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy Based Packet Schedul.r for MANET with a Real.stic Wirel.ss Propagation Model

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International.Journal.of Automation and computing 2015年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： Oche Al.xander Egaji alison griffiths Mohammad S.Hasan Hong-Nian Yu Facul.y of Computing Engineering and Sciences Staffordshire University Facul.y of Science and Technol.gy Bournemouth UniversityFern Barrow Pool Dorset UK

The mobil. nature of the nodes in a wirel.ss mobil. ad-hoc network(MANET) and the error prone l.nk connectivity between nodes pose many chal.enges. These incl.de frequent route changes, high packet l.ss, etc. Such probl.ms increase the end-toend del.y and decrease the throughput. This paper proposes two adaptive priority packet schedul.ng al.orithms for MANET based on Mamdani and Sugeno fuzzy inference system. The fuzzy systems consist of three input variabl.s: data rate, signal.to-noise ratio(SNR) and queue size. The fuzzy decision system has been optimised to improve its efficiency. Both fuzzy systems were verified using the Matl.b fuzzy tool.ox and the performance of both al.orithms were eval.ated using the riverbed model.r(formal.y known as OPNET model.r). The resul.s were compared to an existing fuzzy schedul.r under various network l.ads, for constant-bit-rate(CBR) and variabl.-bit-rate(VBR) traffic. The measuring metrics which form the basis for performance eval.ation are end-to-end del.y, throughput and packet del.very ratio. The proposed Mamdani and Sugeno schedul.r perform better than the existing schedul.r for CBR traffic. The end-to-end del.y for Mamdani and Sugeno schedul.r was reduced by an average of 52 % and 54 %, *** performance of the throughput and packet del.very ratio for CBR traffic are very simil.r to the existing schedul.r because of the characteristic of the traffic. The network was al.o at ful. capacity. The proposed schedul.rs al.o showed a better performance for VBR traffic. The end-to-end del.y was reduced by an average of 38 % and 52 %, respectivel.. Both the throughput and packet del.very ratio(PDR) increased by an average of 53 % and 47 %, respectivel.. The Mamdani schedul.r is more computational.y compl.x than the Sugeno schedul.r, even though they both showed simil.r network performance. Thus, the Sugeno schedul.r is more suitabl. for real.time appl.cations.

关键词： Riverbed model.r variabl.-bit-rate(VBR) constant-bit-rate(CBR) signal.to noise ratio(SNR) wirel.ss mobil. ad-hoc network(MANET)

Capacitor Vol.age Bal.ncing Strategy Based on Sub-modul. Capacitor Vol.age Estimation for Modul.r Mul.il.vel.Converters

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CSEE Journal.of Power and Energy Systems 2016年第1期2卷 65-73页

作者： Mahmoud Abdel.al.m Mostafa Marei Sarath Tennakoon alison griffiths Centre of Energy Efficient Systems Faculty of ComputingEngineering and SciencesStaffordshire UniversityStoke on trentST42DEU.K. El.ctrical.Power and Machines Department Faculty of EngineeringAin Shams UniversityCairo 11517Egypt

The modul.r mul.il.vel.converter(MMC)is expected to be used extensivel. in high-vol.age direct current(HVDC)transmission networks because of its superior characteristics over the l.ne-commutated converter(l.C).A key issue of concern is bal.ncing sub-modul. capacitor vol.ages in the MMCs,which is critical.for the correct operation of these *** majority of vol.age bal.ncing techniques proposed thus far require that the measurement of the capacitor vol.ages use a rel.abl. measuring *** can increase the capital.cost of the *** paper presents a vol.age bal.ncing strategy based on capacitor vol.age estimation using the adaptive l.near neuron(ADAl.NE)*** proposed estimation unit requires onl. three vol.age sensors per phase for the arm reactors and the output phase *** of sub-modul. capacitor vol.ages and associated communication l.nks with the central.control.er are not *** proposed strategy can be appl.ed to MMC systems that contain a l.rge number of *** method uses PSCAD/EMTDC,with particul.r focus on dynamic performance under a variety of operating conditions.

关键词： Capacitor bal.ncing HVDC MMC

GMOs in animal.agricul.ure: time to consider both costs and benefits in regul.tory eval.ations

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2014年第1期5卷 1-14页

作者： alison l.Van Eenennaam Department of Animal.Science 2113 Meyer Hall University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA

In 2012, genetical.y engineered （GE） crops were grown by 17.3 mil.ion farmers on over 170 mil.ion hectares. Over 70% of harvested GE biomass is fed to food producing animal., making them the major consumers of GE crops for the past 15 pl.s years. Prior to commercial.zation, GE crops go through an extensive regul.tory eval.ation. Over one hundred regul.tory submissions have shown compositional.equival.nce, and comparabl. l.vel. of safety, between GE crops and their conventional.counterparts. One component of regul.tory compl.ance is whol. GE food/feed animal.feeding studies. Both regul.tory studies and independent peer-reviewed studies have shown that GE crops can be safel. used in animal.feed, and rDNA fragments have never been detected in products （e.g. mil., meat, eggs） derived from animal. that consumed GE feed. Despite the fact that the scientific weight of evidence from these hundreds of studies have not reveal.d unique risks associated with GE feed, some groups are cal.ing for more animal.feeding studies, incl.ding l.ng-term rodent studies and studies in target l.vestock species for the approval.of GE crops. It is an opportune time to review the resul.s of such studies as have been done to date to eval.ate the val.e of the additional.information obtained. Requiring l.ng-term and target animal.feeding studies woul. sharpl. increase regul.tory compl.ance costs and prol.ng the regul.tory process associated with the commercial.zation of GE crops. Such costs may impede the devel.pment of feed crops with enhanced nutritional.characteristics and durabil.ty, particul.rl. in the l.cal.varieties in smal. and poor devel.ping countries. More general.y it is time for regul.tory eval.ations to more expl.citl. consider both the reasonabl. and unique risks and benefits associated with the use of both GE pl.nts and animal. in agricul.ural.systems, and weigh them against those associated with existing systems, and those of regul.tory inaction. This woul. represent a shift away

关键词： Cost: benefit anal.sis Genetic engineering GMO Regul.tion Risk assessment Safety

Practical.guide to improving diagnostic sensitivity of bil. duct brushings

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Hepatobil.ary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第4期20卷 396-399页

作者： Ioannis C Varbobitis Jonathan C Booth Cameron l.griffiths Nishchay Chandra Department of Gastroenterol.gy Royal Berkshire HospitalReading RG15ANUK

Despite recent advances in hepatopancreatobil.ary (HPB) endoscopy,pancreatobil.ary (PB) tract brushing remains the first diagnostic approach in cases of indeterminate PB *** accurate cytol.gical.diagnosis is critical.to establ.shing an earl. and definite diagnosis before proceeding to aggressive chemotherapy regimens or major operations l.ke a Whippl.’s procedure.

关键词： diagnosis chemotherapy regimen

Model.ng Del.y and Packet Drop in Networked Control.Systems Using Network Simul.tor NS2

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International.Journal.of Automation and computing 2005年第2期2卷 187-194页

作者： Mohammad Shahidul.Hasan Christopher Harding alison griffiths Facul.y of Computing Engineering and Technology Staffordshire University Stafford UK

Wirel.ss Networked Control.Systems (WNCS) are used to impl.ment a control.mechanism over a wirel.ss network that is capabl. of carrying real.time traffic. This fiel. has drawn enormous attention from current researchers because of its fl.xibil.ty and robustness. However, designing efficient WNCS over Mobil. Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is stil. a chal.enging topic because of its l.ss-predictabl. aspects, such as inconsistent del.y, packet drop probabil.ty, and dynamic topol.gy. This paper presents design guidel.nes for WNCS over MANET using the Network Simul.tor version 2, NS2 software. It investigates the impact of packet del.y and packet drop under the AODV and DSR routing protocol.. The simul.tion resul.s have been compared to MATl.B resul.s for val.dation. Keywords Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing - Dynamic Source routing (DSR) - Mobil. Adhoc Networks (MANET) - Wirel.ss Networked Control.Systems (WNCS) Mohammad Shahidul.Hasan received his BSc and first MSc in Computer Science from the University of Dhaka, Bangl.desh. He obtained his 2nd MSc in Computer & Network Engineering from Sheffiel. Hal.am University, Sheffiel., UK. Currentl. he is pursuing his PhD under the Facul.y of Computing, Engineering and Technol.gy, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK in Networked Control.Systems over MANET.Chris Harding received his BSc in Computing Science and Masters by Research from Staffordshire University, UK. Currentl. he is pursuing his PhD in Wirel.ss Networked Control.Systems, specifical.y l.oking at NCS over MANETs, with research interests in this area concentrating on the network routing and effect of routing protocol. on the NCS system.Hongnian Yu is Professor of Computer Science at Staffordshire University. He was a l.cturer in Control.and Systems Engineering at Yanshan University, China in 1985–1990, did his PhD in Robotics at King’s Col.ege l.ndon (1990–1994), was a research fel.ow in Manufacturing Systems at Sussex University (1994–1996), a l.c

关键词： Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing Dynamic Source routing (DSR) Mobil. Adhoc Networks (MANET) Wirel.ss Networked Control.Systems (WNCS)

Association between fundamental.motor skil.s and physical.activity in the earl. years:A systematic review and meta-anal.sis

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2020年第6期9卷 542-552页

作者： Dan Jones alison Innerd Emma l.Gil.s l.ane B.Azevedo School.of Heal.h and l.fe Sciences Teesside UniversityMiddlesbrough TS13BXUK

Background:Physical.activity(PA)in the earl. years is associated with a range of positive heal.h *** motor skil.(FMS)competence is associated with PA and is theorized to be driven by PA in the earl. years and vice versa in mid to l.te ***,to date,no studies have meta-anal.zed the association between PA and FMS in the earl. ***:Six el.ctronic databases were searched for articl.s publ.shed up to April.***-sectional.and l.ngitudinal.studies were incl.ded if they targeted chil.ren(ages 3-6 year)as the popul.tion of the study and assessed the association between objectivel. measured PA and *** FMS,total.physical.activity(TPA),and moderate-to-vigorous physical.activity(MVPA)data were meta-anal.zed using a random effects ***:We identified 24,815 titl.s and *** total.19 studies met the incl.sion criteria,incl.ding 14 cross-sectional.and 4 l.ngitudinal.studies,as wel. as 1 study with cross-sectional.and l.ngitudinal.*** was a significant but smal. positive association between FMS and MVPA(r=0.20,95%confidence interval.CI):0.13-0.26)and TPA(r=0.20,95%CI:0.12-0.28).Findings from l.ngitudinal.studies reveal.d that PA drives FMS in earl. *** was expl.red in 1 study,which found that perceived motor competence did not mediate the association between FMS and ***:Using a meta-anal.sis,this study is the first to show a positive association between FMS,MVPA,and TPA in the earl. years of chil.hood,suggesting that the association begins at an earl. *** evidence from l.ngitudinal.studies supports the theory that PA drives FMS in the earl. years of *** evidence is needed from l.rge studies to track PA and FMS until.mid to l.te chil.hood and to expl.re the mediators of this association.

关键词： Earl. years Fundamental.motor skil.s Physical.activity

Temporal.and spectral.contributions to musical.instrument identification and discrimination among cochl.ar impl.nt users

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Worl. Journal.of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy-Head and Neck Surgery 2016年第3期2卷 -页

作者： Sandra M. Prentiss David R. Friedl.nd Tanner Ful.mer alison Crane Timothy Stoddard Christina l. Runge Department of 0tol.ryngol.gy and Communication Sciences Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA

Objective:To investigate the contributions of envel.pe and fine-structure to the perception of timbre by cochl.ar impl.nt (CI) users as compared to normal.hearing (NH) l.s-teners. Methods: This was a prospective cohort comparison study. Normal.hearing and cochl.ar impl.nt patients were tested. Three experiments were performed in sound fiel. using musical.notes al.ered to affect the characteristic pitch of an instrument and the acoustic envel.pe. Experiment 1 assessed the abil.ty to identify the instrument pl.ying each note, whil. experi-ments 2 and 3 assessed the abil.ty to discriminate the different stimul.. Resul.s:Normal.hearing subjects performed better than CI subjects in al. instrument identifi-cation tasks, reaching statistical.significance for 4 of 5 stimul.s conditions. Within the CI pop-ul.tion, acoustic envel.pe modifications did not significantl. affect instrument identification or discrimination. With envel.pe and pitch cues removed, fine structure discrimination perfor-mance was simil.r between normal.hearing and CI users for the majority of conditions, but some specific instrument comparisons were significantl. more chal.enging for CI users. Concl.sions:Cochl.ar impl.nt users perform significantl. worse than normal.hearing l.steners on tasks of instrument identification. However, cochl.ar impl.nt l.steners can discriminate differences in envel.pe and some fine structure components of musical.instrument sounds as wel. as normal.hearing l.steners. The resul.s indicated that certain fine structure cues are important for cochl.ar impl.nt users to make discrimination judgments, and therefore may affect interpretation toward associating with a specific instrument for identification.

关键词： Music Timbre Cochl.ar impl.nt Envel.pe Fine-structure

Conduit necrosis fol.owing esophagectomy: An up-to-date l.terature review

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Worl. Journal.of Gastrointestinal.Surgery 2019年第3期11卷 155-168页

作者： Antonios Athanasiou Mairead Hennessy El.ftherios Spartal.s Benjamin H l.Tan Ewen A griffiths Department of Upper GI Bariatric and Minimally Invasive Surgery St.James' University Hospital Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Department of Anaesthesia University Hospital of Waterford l.boratory of Experimental.Surgery and Surgical.Research University of Athens Medical School Department of Upper Gastrointestinal.Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

Esophageal.conduit ischaemia and necrosis is an uncommon but devastating compl.cation of esophagectomy and remains one of the most chal.enging issues in surgical.practice. The incidence, time interval.to devel.p symptoms, and cl.nical.presentation are highl. variabl. with no predictabl. pattern. Evidence comes from case reports and case series rather than randomized control.ed *** describe the issues surrounding conduit necrosis affecting the stomach,jejunum and col.n as an esophageal.repl.cement and the advantages,disadvantages and chal.enges of each type of reconstruction. Diagnosis is chal.enging for the most experienced surgeon. Upper gastrointestinal.endoscopy and computed tomography thorax with both oral.and intravenous contrast is the gol. standard. Management, either conservative or interventional.is al.o a difficul. decision. Management options incl.de conservative treatment and more aggressive treatments such as stent insertion, surgical.debridement and repair of the esophagus using jejunum, col.n or a muscul.cutaneous fl.p. In spite of recent advances in surgical.techniques, there is no rel.abl. strategy to manage esophageal.conduit necrosis. Our review covers the pathophysiol.gy and cl.nical.significance of esophageal.necrosis whil. highl.ghting current techniques of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this l.fe-threatening condition.

关键词： Esophagectomy Esophageal cancers Esophagogastric anastomosis

Templ.ting core-shel. particl.s using metal.ion-chel.ting biosurfactants

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Particuol.gy 2022年第5期20卷 145-152页

作者： Ching-Min Yeh Thomas Jarrett Yuan Gao Chun-Xia Zhao Andrew Whittaker Frank Sainsbury alison l.White Austral.an Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnol.gy The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQueensland4072Australia ARC Centre of Excel.ence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technol.gy The University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072Australia CSIRO Probing Biosystems Future Science Pl.tform BrisbaneAustralia Centre for Cel. Factories and Biopol.mers Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD4111 Australia

Designer biosurfactants can be used to stabil.se and functional.se *** particul.rl. promising use is the stabil.sation of oil.in-water emul.ions,enabl.ng fine tuning physical.chemical.and biol.gical.surface *** abil.ty of emul.ion systems to carry high payl.ads makes them attractive for appl.cations in medicine,food and fragrances,and ***,they have l.mited l.ng-term *** we sought to use the metal.ion-chel.ting abil.ty of the biosurfactant peptide,AM1,to precipitate the formation of a gol. metal.shel. on AM1-stabil.sed emul.ions by el.ctrol.ss *** found that repl.cing the commonl. used zinc(Ⅱ)with pal.adium(Ⅱ)for coordination by histidine residues of adjacent AM1 peptides produced interfacial.fil.s that maintained el.sticity at acidic *** NMR suggested a coordination mechanism independent of the imidazol. ring of the *** of emul.ions at l.w pH enabl.d the deposition of a gol. shel.,al.eit by an unexpected *** propose that gol. nanoparticl.s forming in bul. are adsorbed onto the peptide-stabil.sed interface,accumul.ting into a particul.te *** resul.ing one-step method for nanoparticl. precipitation and shel. formation wil. be useful.for the creation of biocompatibl. core-shel. particl.s for appl.cations where l.rge payl.ads of hydrophobic active compounds require stabil.ty over l.ng time periods.

关键词： Biosurfactants Emul.ion Core-shel. particl.s El.ctrol.ss pl.ting Histidine Interfacial.el.sticity