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Soil evolution along an alluvial-loess transect in the Herat Plain,western Afghanistan

Journal of Arid Land 2022年第11期14卷 1317-1330页

作者： Farsila MAHMOUDIAN alireza karimi Omid BAYAT Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureHerat UniversityHerat 3001-272806Afghanistan Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhad ***Iran

Afghanistan is located in the Eurasian loess belt,however,there is little information on the soils in the *** has covered the Herat Plain in western Herat City,*** the diversity of landform and parent material,there is no information on the soil and landform evolution in this *** objectives of this study were to identify the soils along a transect of different landforms in the Herat Plain and determine the role of geomorphic processes on the soil and landform *** pedons from an alluvial fan,the depression between alluvial fan and piedmont plain,saline and non-saline piedmont plains,and the flood plain of the Hariroud River,were ***,the physical-chemical properties,mineralogy,and micromorphology of the samples were *** showed that the soil parent material in the piedmont plain is loess,whereas,in the flood plain it is a combination of loess and river alluvial ***,lessivage,salinization,and gleization are the most important pedogenic *** calcification and lessivage appear to be the result of a wetter climate during the late Quaternary,whereas the present topography causes the gleization and *** coatings on carbonate nodules and iron nodules are abundant pedofeatures in the Btk(argillic-calcic)*** oxides nodules are common in the soils of the flood *** formation of palygorskite in both alluvial-and loess-derived soils implies the onset of aridity and the trend of increase in environmental aridity in the *** seems that after the formation of a well developed paleosol on the alluvial fan in a more humid climate in the past,the piedmont plain has been covered by loess deposits,and the calcification,gleization,and salinization cause the formation of weakly developed surficial *** study highlights the role of the late Quaternary climatic changes on the evolution of landforms and soils in western Afghanistan.

关键词： alluvial fan loess-derived soils paleosol gleization Hariroud River

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Description of Soil Evolution in Southern Mashhad City Using Jenny＇s and Johnson and Watson-Stegner＇s Conceptual Models

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Pedosphere 2018年第4期28卷 656-665页

作者： alireza karimi Isa ESFANDIARPOUR BORUJENI GHASEMZADEH GANJEHIE Soil Science Department Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad 91779-48974(Iran) Soil Science Department Faculty of Agriculture Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan 77188-97111 (Iran) Soil and Water Department Khorassan Rzavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization (AREEO) Mashhad 91659-66416 (Iran)

Conceptual models are suitable for describing internal relationships of complex systems, including soil. We used conceptual models, the Jenny＇s and Johnson and Watson-Stegner＇s models to understand the formation and evolution of soil. We studied 20 pedons in granitic hilly lands, loessial piedmont, and piedmont plain in southern Mashhad, northeast Iran. These soils were characterized by high levels of gypsum, especially in the granitic saprolites, which suggested the importance of the wind in shaping the soil structure. Jenny＇s model is a developmental and equilibrium model, which only describes the state of the soil formation factors and considers that each bioclimatie zone has a specific climax soil. It focuses on the genesis of the surface soil and is not suitable for buried soils and paleosols. Johnson and Watson-Stegner＇s model describes soil as a product of progressive and regressive processes due to horizonation or haploidization. Progressive processes during the last interglacial cycle created a well-developed paleosol with an argillic horizon in all landforms, except the piedmont plain. Developmental soil up-building by aeolian addition led to gypsum enrichment of the granitic saprolite. Erosion decreased soil thickness and exposed the argillic horizon. The Last Glacial Maximum led to greater deposition of loess, covering the paleosol. Humidity was higher during the early Holocene than today, leading to the development of a Bk horizon. This horizon was preserved in the stable surfaces of granitic hilly land and in the loessial piedmont, but buried on the piedmont plain via the deposition of alluvial sediments. Jenny＇s model could be used for current soil formation factors, whereas Johnson and Watson-Stegner＇s model required morphological characteristics of pedons for interpretation.

关键词： landscape evolution loess progressive pedogenesis regressive pedogenesis soil formation model

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The role of the fiber ply configurations on the biomechanics of the hip prosthesis

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2022年第3期13卷 149-160页

作者： Kamran Hassani Mohammad Nikkhoo alireza karimi Department of Biomedical Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University TehranIran Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham ALUSA

The total hip replacement is the only approved procedure for restoring a degenerated hip joint through *** life span of a prosthesis could depend on the geometry and material properties of the *** study aims to analyze the biomechanics of the carbon/polyetheretherketone(PEEK)composite prosthesis having three different fiber ply configurations compared to traditional stainless steel(SS)*** implant-bone system was established and subjected to a load from the head of the femur and abductor muscle *** stresses and strains in the implant-bone systems were calculated and *** results revealed lower stresses and strains in composite prostheses compared to SS *** fiber ply orientation of the carbon/PEEK composite prosthesis is shown to be a key asset in stress and strain distribution of the 13 implant-bone *** fiber plies which orientated multidirectionally with−45 and+45 degrees exhibited uniform stress and strain *** results suggested the advantage of using composite prostheses in implant designs as they not only invoke lower stresses and strains in the implant-bone system but also amplify the life span of implants in the body.

关键词： Prosthesis hip joint composite stress strain finite element

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A numerical analysis on different-generation prototypes of ventricular assist device

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2019年第5期10卷 34-42页

作者： Ali Tavakoli Golpaygani Kamran Hassani alireza karimi Amin Nokhbe Zaeim Department of Biomedical Engineering Standard Research Institute KarajIran Department of Biomechanics Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad UniversityTehranIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu University 744 MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

The ventricular assist device(VAD)assists the patients with heart diseases for limited and prolonged *** device synchronizes with normal heart activities to help foster its ***,its sensitive design requires high *** pumps are the essential part of every VAD which should operate in wide ranges of flow and *** there are various types of VAD under different designs,it is neither practical nor plausible to experimentally/clinically investigate their ***,in the concurrent study,a numerical study was carried out on four different generation prototypes of VAD pumps for reaching an optimum *** computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method,the software derived,showed and streamlined the flow field shear stress both inside the VAD and its ***,the vortices and flow rate-pressure curves were *** results showed that the curved blade pumps operate better compared to that of the straight blade types,concerning the provision of enough pressure and less damage to the red blood *** results have implications not only for comparing different types of VAD designs but also for understanding the resulted shear stresses and pressures as a result of the blade’s structure.

关键词： Pump generation CFD ventricular assist device numerical simulation ventricular blade

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Paleopedology and magnetic properties of Sari loess-paleosol sequence in Caspian lowland, northern Iran

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第7期16卷 1559-1570页

作者： Hamed NAJAF alireza karimi Gholam Hosain HAGHNIA Farhad KHORMALI Shamsollah AYOUBI Hossein TAZIKEH Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of Mashhad91779-48974 MashhadIran Department of Soil Science Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources49138-15739 GorganIran Department of Soil Sciences College of AgricultureIsfahan University of Technology84156-83111 IsfahanIran

The objective of this study was to characterize the morphological and magnetic properties of Sari loess-paleosol section in northern Iran for paleopedologic and paleoenvironmental *** section consisted of a modern soil(MS)and three paleosols(PS1,PS2,PS3)separated by loess layers(LS1,LS2 and LS3).Based on particle size distribution,clay mineralogy,carbonates distribution and size of secondary carbonates,pedogenic development of the soils was in order of PS3>PS2>PS1=*** of redoximorphic features in PS3 was attributed to alternate stagnic saturation due to local water or high *** of smectite and vermiculite as well as large carbonated dolls in PS3 indicated suitable environment and sufficient time for pedogenic *** properties(χlf andχfd%)were distinctly higher in MS,PS1 and PS2 when compared to loess *** Lowest magnetic properties values were observed in PS3 which can be the result of ferrimagnetic minerals destruction under hydromorphic *** highest Fed content occurred in PS3,however,lowχlf/Fed ratio indicated that majority of the iron minerals in PS3 are not *** conclusion,the particle size distribution,clay mineralogy and carbonates features were indicative of pedogenesis intensity,whereas,magnetic properties were useful to characterize the pedogenic environment.

关键词： Iranian loess plateau Magnetic susceptibility Climate change Paleopedology

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Comparative numerical study on the child head injury under different child safety seat angles

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2019年第4期9卷 260-263,I0005页

作者： Reza Razaghi Hasan Biglari Mojtaba Hasani alireza karimi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of TabrizTabrizIran Basir Eye Health Research Center TehranIran Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 819-0395Japan

It has been shown that annually around 1250 children younger than 15 years old die in traffic *** number of children who also injured as a consequence of car accidents is noticeably *** to the ECE-R44 regulation the safety of children in the cars,the use of a child safety seat(CSS)is highly *** a CSS would dramatically diminish the injuries of traffic ***,the posture,especially the angle,of a child when seating on a seat may also affect the amount of injury occurs during the *** has been revealed that during the accident only few children remained seated in the standard position,and most of them whether slouched or slanted and turned their head to the side-support of the *** positions,such as leaning forward,escaping from the harness or holding feet were also *** study aimed to perform a finite element(FE)study to figure out what angle of seating would result in the least amount of injury to the child head in a typical car crash under the speed of 47 km/*** do that,a 1.5 years old child dummy(a dummy representing the anthropometry of a 1.5 years old child)has been accommodated on a seat under the angles of 15°,30°,and 45°.The results *** resulted displacements in the head after the accident were also calculated at X,Y,and Z *** results in this regard indicated a higher displacement at X direction whereas the lowest one was seen at Y *** results have implications not only for understanding the amount of injury to the child head after the accident under different seating angles,but also for giving an insight to the CSS industries and families to choose the right seating posture for the child in the car to reduce the severity of injury.

关键词： Child Head injury Child safety seat Accident Finite element

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Cochlear Synaptopathy Following Noise Exposure in Guinea Pigs: Its Electrophysiological and Histological Assessments

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Sound & Vibration 2020年第3期54卷 163-177页

作者： Parvane Mahdi Akram Pourbakht Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi alireza karimi Yazdi Mahtab Rabbani Anari Mohammad Kamali Rehabilitation Research Center Department of AudiologySchool of Rehabilitation SciencesIran University of Medical SciencesTehran15459-13487Iran Department of Neurosciences School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehran14496-14535Iran Department of Otorhinolaryngology Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran14197-33141Iran Department of Rehabilitation Management Iran University of Medical SciencesTehran15459-13487Iran

Exposure to high level of noise,may cause the permanent cochlear synaptic *** present study,a model of noise induced cochlear synaptopathy was established and the electrophysiological and histological metrics for its assessment was designed.6 guinea pigs were subjected to a synaptopathic noise(octave band of 4 kHz at 104 dB SPL,for 2-h).The amplitude growth curve of Auditory Brainstem Response(ABR)wave-I and wave-III latency shift in presence of noise were *** indexes were considered in pre-exposure,1 day post exposure(1DPE),1 week post exposure(1WPE)and 1 month post exposure(1MPE)to ***,the samples were histologically *** wave-I amplitude was different between pre and 1DPE(p-value≤0.05).However,at 1WPE,it was recovered at low intensities but at 70 dB SPL and above,the differences persisted even till *** masked ABR,the latency shift of wave-III was different between pre and 3 post exposure assessments(p-value≤0.05).Electro-microscopic analysis confirmed the synaptic degeneration,as the ribbons were larger than normal,hollow inside,and spherical and irregular in shape,also,the post synaptic density was abnormally thick and missed its flat *** data revealed that noise at level below that can produce permanent hearing loss,can incur synaptic ***,noise is considered to be more damaging than previously ***,designing tools for clinical assessment of synaptopathy is beneficial in comprehensive auditory evaluation of those with history of noise exposure and also in hearing protection planning.

关键词： Cochlear synaptopathy noise induced hearing loss hidden hearing loss excitotoxicity hearing protection

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Jadwar(Delphinium denudatum Wall.):a medicinal plant

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Traditional Medicine Research 2020年第6期5卷 487-497页

作者： Roghayeh Baghervand Navid Mehrdad karimi Morteza Ghojazadeh Seyed Mostafa Araj-Khodaei alireza Bagherzadeh karimi Sanam Dolati Mehri Bansans Seyed Mohammad Bagher Fazljou Department of Persian Medicine School of Traditional MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz ***Iran Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine School of Traditional MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz ***Iran Physical Medicine&Rehabilitation Research Center Aging Research InstituteTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz ***Iran Department of Divinities and Islamic Sciences Faculty of TheologyTabriz UniversityTabriz ***Iran

Delphinium denudatum *** one of the important medicinal herbs of traditional Persian medicine and is known as *** plants are the most widely used drugs in traditional Persian medicine and has been used for various diseases since earlier *** medicinal uses of Delphinium denudatum *** back to over 1,000 years ***(845–925 C.E.)was the first Persian physician and scientist who reported the use of Delphinium denudatum *** a herbal *** the following centuries,the usages of Delphinium denudatum *** the treatment of various diseases has been mentioned in the books and references of traditional Persian medicine for cures to various diseases such as neurologic and psychiatric disease,gastrointestinal disease,fever,pain,and *** to modern studies,the dried roots of Delphinium denudatum *** antipyretic,antimicrobial,anticonvulsant,hepatoprotective,antioxidant,and pain-relieving *** from roots of Delphinium denudatum *** also identified as potential cures for central nervous system diseases as well as for the amelioration of morphine *** denudatum Wall.,with its properties involving the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction,reduction of oxidative stress,and inflammation and immune dysregulation,can be utilized in curing inflammatory *** effective therapeutic influence of root extract of Delphinium denudatum *** several diseases needs to be confirmed through controlled clinical *** article reviews the different features of Delphinium denudatum *** focuses on the well-known therapeutic effects of this herbal drug on various human disorders and animal disease models.

关键词： Delphinium denudatum Wall. Jadwar root Traditional Persian medicine Neurologic and psychiatric effects Anticonvulsant effects

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Design of a Fixed-Order Robust Controller to Damp Inter-Area Oscillations in Power Systems

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 61-70页

作者： Abdlmnam Abdlrahem Parimal Saraf Karthikeyan Balasubramaniam Ramtain Hadidi alireza karimi Elham Makram Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson USA Laboratoired'Automatique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland

This paper presents the design of a robust fixed-order H∞ controller to damp out the inter-area oscillations and to enhance the stability of the power system. The proposed H∞ approach is based on shaping the open-loop transfer function in the Nyquist diagram through minimizing the quadratic error between the actual and the desired open loop transfer functions in the frequency domain under linear constraints that guarantee robustness and stability. The proposed approach is robust with respect to multi-model uncertainty closed-loop sensitivity functions in the Nyquist diagram through the constraints on their infinity norm. The H∞ constraints are linearized with the help of a desired open-loop transfer function. The controller is designed using the convex optimization techniques in which the difference between the open-loop transfer function and the desired one is minimized. The two-area four-machine test system is selected to evaluate the performance of the designed controller under different load conditions as well as different levels of wind penetrations.

关键词： H∞ Multi-Machine Power System Nyquist Diagram Robust Control Wind Penetrations SVC

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Parametric study on the mixed solvent synthesis of ZIF-8 nano- and micro-particles for CO adsorption: A response surface study

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第4期14卷 579-594页

作者： alireza Hadi Javad karimi-Sabet Abolfazl Dastbaz Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran Material and Nuclear Fuel Research School(MNFRS) Nuclear Science and Technology Research InstituteTehranIran

The room temperature synthesis of ZIF-8 micro-and nano-particles was investigated using a mixed methanol-water solvent ***-8 particles of good quality and high crystallinity were *** surface methodology was used to determine the effect of the synthesis conditions on the ZIF-8 yield,particle size distribution,and mean particle *** ligand/metal salt molar ratio followed by the amount of sodium formate(the deprotonating agent)and then the amount of water(i.e,the composition of the mixed solvent)respectively had the largest effects on both the ZIF-8 yield and particle *** showed that mixing of solvents with different strengths in producing ZIF-8 crystals is a practical method to size-controlled synthesis of ZIF-8 *** method is more favorable for industrial-scale ZIF-8 synthesis than using excess amounts of ligands or chemical additives(like sodium formate).In addition,ZIF-8 samples with different mean particle sizes(100,500,and 1000 nm)were used for CO adsorption and the mid-sized ZIF-8 particles had the highest adsorption capacity.

关键词： metal organic frameworks zeolitic imidazo-late frameworks ZIF-8 response surface methodology Box Behnken design CO adsorption

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