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Study and Proposal for a Hyperfluorinated Brackish Water Treatment System in the Fatick Region, Case of Diouroup (Senegal)

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第11期12卷 392-407页

作者： alioune ly Diadioly Gassama Baba Ngom Famara Seydi Ba Séni Tamba Laboratory of Sciences and Technologies of Water and Environment Polytechnic School Thies Senegal Department Physics Chemistry UFR Science and Technology Iba Der Thiam University Thies Senegal

Groundwater is the main resource for human consumption in many countries, especially in developing countries. This groundwater is often brackish and hyperfluorinated, which leads to diseases such as dental and bone fluorosis, etc. The water from the Diouroup water drainage facilities, like those from many other water drainage facilities in the regions of Fatick, Kaolack, Diourbel and the area of Touba, is facing this problem. To solve these problems, several physicochemical and membrane methods have been implemented. In this work we have briefly outlined some of these methods and we have chosen one of them, low pressure reverse osmosis. In addition, this technique is very simple to operate and maintain. Reverse osmosis provides good quality water in a single step, without the need for additional sterilization or remineralization treatments. We then carried out simulations with the Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) software. For reasonable operating parameters, we have noticed a low feed pressure of 11.58 bars, a good average flow of raw water of 27.79 L/m2/h and a recovery rate of the first pass of 75.01%. The results obtained also showed a good quality of the permeate which respects the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) on drinking water. The fluorides of 0.59 mg/L have a recovery rate of 90.8% while the chlorides of 59.09 mg/L have a recovery rate of 92.12% as for the Total Dissolved Solids of 184.90 mg/L for an abatement of 92%. Finally, the low energy consumption of the process makes it possible to consider it in coupling with an electric supply by photovoltaic solar collectors for isolated sites.

关键词： Brackish Water Drinking Water Fluoride Reverse Osmosis Diouroup

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Contribution to the Hydrochemical Study of Groundwater from the Continental Terminal in Saloum

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第2期14卷 51-71页

作者： Sakhel Ndong Baba Ngom Saidou Ndao alioune ly Saliou Ngom Séni Tamba UFR Sciences & Technologies University Iba Der Thiam of Thies Thies Senegal Laboratory of Sciences and Technologies of Water and Environment (LaSTEE) Polytechnic School of Thies (EPT) Thies Senegal Société Nationale des Eaux du Senegal (SONES) Dakar Senegal

This paper focuses on the study of the aquifer of the Continental Terminal in the south of Saloum river. This study aims to participate in the knowledge of the physicochemical quality and to help understand the origins and processes of the mineralization of the water of the Continental Terminal (CT). Physicochemical treatments show an average pH of 6.61 indicating a slightly acidic water overall. The electrical conductivity varies between 37.4 and 12,320 μS·cm-1 with an average of 729.3 μS·cm-1. High conductivities are recorded around the ocean and the Saloum River, indicating higher mineralized waters in these areas. The geochemical study and multivariate statistical analysis indicate three groups of the sampled waters. Group 1 is mainly formed of the Ca-HCO3, Na-HCO3, Ca-Cl and Na-Cl facies. This group is the most common one and is found throughout the southern Saloum area. Group 2, mainly made up of the Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 facies, is located in the center, east, west and north of the zone. The mineralization of these two groups is believed to be of carbonate, evaporitic and/or anthropogenic origin. Group 3 is formed from the Na-Cl facies. This group is located in the north and west of the area (near the ocean and the Saloum river). This group 3 suggests pollution of marine and anthropogenic origin. The calculated base indices suggest cationic exchanges between the waters and the formations of the water table of the terminal continental.

关键词： Continental Terminal Aquifer Saloum Physico-Chemical Quality Mineralization Geochemistry Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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Study of Bacteriological and Parasitological Management Quality of Water in the Villages of Senegal

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第12期7卷 205-217页

作者： Louis Régis Dossou-Yovo Colette Gomis-Mansaly Isabelle Mady-Goma Dirat Fatoumata Sarr Diene alioune Badara ly Ronan Jambou Immunology Clinic and Parasitic Laboratory Institut Pasteur Dakar Senegal Food Security and Environmental Hygiene laboratory Institut Pasteur Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Research of Animal Biology and Ecology ENS Marien N’Gouabi University Brazzaville Congo Epidemiology Service Institut Pasteur Dakar Senegal

A survey on the parasitological and bacteriological management was conducted in two villages in southeastern Senegal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water management modalities in the two villages with ethnic differences and possibly detect factors that could cause waterborne diseases. A questionnaire on water management methods was submitted to one hundred one women drawn in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop. Samples of well water and water stored in canaries were subjected to both parasitological and bacteriological analysis. In both villages, there was a difference in water management with respect to household configuration (monogamous, polygamous). The containers used for the drawing and storage of water were the same in their two villages. No helminth eggs were found in the drinking water, but bacterial germs, especially faecal coliforms (an indicator of human contamination) and Enterocoques (an indicator of animal contamination). These waters do not comply with WHO standards. So it is important to disinfect them before consumption although no cases of gastroenteritis have been reported.

关键词： Water Management Contamination Helminth Bacteria Dielmo Ndiop Senegal

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Consumers’ Perception and Knowledge of Food Additives in Senegal: A Pilot Study

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 38-50页

作者： Alé Kane Hamidou Mbodji Papa Mamadou Dit Doudou Sylla alioune Sow Abdoulaye Tamba Malick Mbengue Mady Cissé Laboratory of Biological Agronomic and Food Sciences and Complex Systems Modelling (LABAAM) University Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal UFR of Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technology (UFR S2ATA) UGB Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Food safety has become a major concern for consumers, as well as a priority for regulatory authorities. Faced with the growing industrial and domestic use of food additives, many questions are being asked and concerns are being felt by consumers around the world. Consumer perception defines the acceptability or rejection of food products, and has an impact on consumption patterns and behavior. To assess the level of knowledge and perception of food additives, a pilot study was carried out on a sample of 200 people in Dakar and Saint-Louis. A questionnaire was used to assess the acceptance or rejection, use and impact of food additives by consumers in Senegal. The results revealed several aspects. On the whole, the people surveyed expressed great mistrust and even rejection of these substances added to food products. This consumer perception is shared throughout the world, as indicated in numerous surveys. It also emerges from this study that, although most consumers are aware of the existence of these additives and their uses in the home, they feel that the use of these substances in industrial production is too excessive. What’s more, consumers associate food additives with numerous pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and even sexual impotence. For some of these indexed pathologies, scientific studies have reached the same conclusions, although controversy still persists. On the other hand, for some of the other adverse effects mentioned, no cause-and-effect relationship has been scientifically demonstrated. In these latter cases, it seems that negative communication, misinformation and misconceptions have a major influence on consumer perception of food additives.

关键词： Consumer Survey Food Additives Knowledge Perception Senegal

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High Urine Retention: Experience in a Series of Patients with Renal Failure Patients

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Cyrille Ze Ondo Abdoulaye Ndiath Amath Thiam alioune Sarr Ndiaga Seck Ndour Ousmane Sow Babacar Sine Babacar Diao Alain Khassim Ndoye Urology Department Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Urology Department Ouakam Military Hospital Dakar Senegal

Purpose: High urinary retention (HUR) can negatively impact renal function. Our study aimed to present the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of HUR in a Senegalese academic hospital. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 70 patients with HUR associated with renal failure from January 2017 to December 2020. Parameters examined included: age, sex, coexisting conditions affecting renal function, clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, causes of HUR, urinary diversion, and patient outcomes. Results: The average age was 66, with a majority of male patients (87%). Twenty-three patients had pre-existing medical conditions. Oligo-anuria was the most common reason for detecting HUR (70%). Half of the patients had an ECOG score ≥ 2. The mean creatinine level was 50.7 mg/l. Nineteen patients exhibited hydroelectrolytic disorders. Bacterial colonization was observed in 25 patients. Ultrasound and computed tomography were the most frequently performed imaging tests (100% and 62.8%, respectively). Sixty-seven patients had ureterohydronephrosis (UHN), with bilateral UHN in 88.6% of cases. Pelvic cancers (47.1%) were the primary cause of HUR, primarily bladder cancers (27.1%). Nephrostomy was the most common urinary drainage method (50%), particularly for obstructions due to pelvic cancer (88.6%). The majority of patients (52.8%) regained normal renal function after drainage. Nineteen deaths occurred among elderly patients with compromised general health. Conclusion: Urinary drainage significantly improved renal function for most patients. Pelvic cancer emerged as the leading cause of HUR. Nephrostomy was the predominant drainage method.

关键词： Kidney Urinary Retention Renal Failure Urinary Diversions Senegal

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Sweetener and Flavor Enhancer Food Additives in Industrial Food Products Marketed in Dakar: Frequency and Diversity

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 101-117页

作者： Alé Kane alioune Sow Ndèye Adiara Ndiaye Coumba Gueye Sagna Papa Amadou Diakhaté Mady Cissé Amadou Diop Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires|UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de chimie analytique et bromatologie UCAD Dakar Senegal

Sweeteners and flavor enhancers are food additives widely used in industry, respectively, to add sweetness and flavor to foods. However, the presence of these substances is often criticized by consumers for their effects on health. What’s more, some scientific studies link these substances to certain pathologies. To guarantee food safety, competent authorities should have food standards based on risk analysis using consistent, reliable data. However, in developing countries, such data is often weak or non-existent. The aim of this study is therefore to carry out a pilot survey to establish the profile of sweeteners and flavour enhancers present in industrial food products marketed in Senegal. The methodology consisted of sampling various food products sold on the Senegalese market, based on analysis of labels containing information on ingredients, including additives. The investigation involved nine stores, one supermarket and 5 mini-markets in Dakar. The results showed the presence of 6 taste enhancers in food products, the most frequent being sodium L-monoglutamate (E621), inosinate (E631) and disodium guanylate (E627). Solid broths are the foodstuffs with the highest number of taste exhalters. As for sweeteners, 12 substances were identified, the most frequent being acesulfame potassium (E950), aspartame (E951), sucralose (E955) and saccharin (E954). Given the potential health risks associated with the consumption of these food additives, their control and monitoring on the market should be a priority for the competent authorities.

关键词： Exhalter Sugar Acesulfame Potassium Sodium Monoglutame Artificial Health Risk

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Knee Osteoarthritis Progression after Distal Femur Closing Wedge Osteotomy

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第4期14卷 187-199页

作者： Ferdinand Nyankoué Mebouinz Khalifa Fall Kennedy Muluem Justine Raphaela Nyekel Moustapha Niane alioune Badara Gueye Daniel Handy Eone Charles Valerie Kinkpé Department of Surgery and Specialties The Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Surgery and Specialties The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceuticals Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Despite the conservative treatment of tibio-femoral osteoarthritis through realignment osteotomies, the rate of total knee replacements following an osteotomy is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with the progression of knee osteoarthritis after a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy. Methods: Hospital-based observational study on 20 patients who underwent a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy evaluating the progression of osteoarthritis using the Kellgren and Laurence classification. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the variation in the progressive stage of the Kellgren and Laurence classification of knee osteoarthritis preoperatively and at the final follow up. Univariate analysis made it possible to determine the factors associated with progression. The final significance threshold for statistical tests was set at 5% (p Results: Overall, the mean follow-up of 46 months ± 6.6 months, with a mean age of 43 years (range: 27 - 69 years) and a female predominance (M: F = 3/7). The progression of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis following a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy is associated with valgus or varum malalignment been a moderate valgus (OR 6.2 [1.5 - 42.7] at 95% CI;p-value = 0.02), a correction of the mechanical deviation angle with a valgus alignment (OR 2.7 [0.9 - 8.3] at 95% CI), and loss of correction (OR 3.8 [1.3 - 11.6] at 95% CI;p -value) for the lateral compartment while varus alignment (OR 1.7 [0.9 - 8.3] 95% CI, p-value = 0.05) and with rupture of the lateral cortex (OR 2.8 [1.7 - 11.5] 95% CI, p-value = 0.02) were those of the medial compartment. Conclusion: Distal femur closing wedge osteotomy does not definitively interrupt the progression of valgus knee osteoarthritis. The factors associated with the progression of this pathology are modifiable. Taking them into account when performing this surgical technique could improve the osteotomy survival curve.

关键词： Knee Osteoarthritis Progression Osteotomy Distal Femur

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Improving the Quality of Baobab Oil by Filtration on Activated Carbon from the Fruit Capsules

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 69-83页

作者： Edouard Mbarick Ndiaye alioune Sow Papa Guédel Faye Kalidou Ba Mouhamed Ndoye Omar Ibn Khatab Cisse Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mady Cisse Laboratory of Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes (LE3PI) ESP-UCAD Dakar Senegal Laboratoire of Biological Agronomic Food Sciences and Modeling of Complex Systems (LABAAM) UFR of Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technologies (S2ATA) Gaston Berger University of Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Senegal National School of Agriculture University Iba Der Thiam of Thiès Thiès Senegal Center of Studies on Food Security and Functional Molecules (CESAM-RESCIF) ESP-UCAD Dakar Senegal

The baobab, Adansonia digitata L., plays an important role in the economy of local populations. Nowadays, baobab seed oil is highly prized for its many cosmetic and therapeutic applications, and for its composition of unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols. However, it undergoes numerous reactions during production, processing, transport, and storage, leading to undesirable products that make it unstable. The aim of this study was to provide local processors with innovative solutions for the treatment of unrefined vegetable oils. To this end, an experimental device for filtering crude oil on activated carbon made from fruit capsules was designed. The results obtained after the treatment show a significant decrease at (p 2/Kg), chlorophyll concentration (1.81 to 0.50 mg/Kg) and primary and secondary oxidation products. According to these results, activated carbon’s adsorptive power eliminates oxidation products and certain pro-oxidants such as chlorophyll, resulting in a cleaner, more stable and better storable oil.

关键词： Activated Carbon Adansonia digitata L. Baobab Fruit Baobab Oil Stability

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Assessment of Satisfaction in the Reception and Emergency Department of a Health Center

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 284-296页

作者： Boubacar Gueye Martial Coly Bop NdéyeMarième Diagne Cheikh Tacko Diop alioune Badara Tall Papa Gallo Sow Mountaga Dia Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye Ousseynou Ka Training and Research Unit for Health and Sustainable Development Alioune Diop University of Bambeye Bambey Senegal Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Health and Development Institute Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction The main objective of any healthcare establishment must be to ensure the quality of patient care and customer satisfaction. It is necessary to regularly assess patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to assess the level of satisfaction of customers aged over 18 years attending the emergency department of the health center. Methodology This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of patients aged 18 years and over, who attended the Samu Municipal emergency department between 02 and 30 May 2023. The satisfaction index was determined using the adapted 2009 SAPHORA-MCO questionnaire and the Likert satisfaction scale. Results A total of 400 patients were surveyed. The average age was 35 years, with a standard deviation of 14.7. Of those surveyed, 51% were women, 87% were educated, 50% lived in Grand Yoff and 59.5% were unemployed. Satisfaction levels linked to perception of the cost of care (72%), waiting time (64.3%), information given to patients (69.1%) and pain management (74 .5%) are fair. On the other hand, the levels of satisfaction linked to administrative procedures (82.5%), staff attitudes towards patients (84%), staff availability (86.4%), patient privacy (89.2%), general atmosphere (87.2%), staff competence (87.3%), and the effectiveness of care (89.4%) were satisfactory. The average waiting time was 38 minutes. However, 32% of patients waited less than 30 minutes and 92% less than an hour. The satisfaction index linked to administration and reception was 72.9% and 79.85%, respectively. The satisfaction index linked to the administration and technical quality of care is equal to 85.8% and 83.7%, respectively. The overall satisfaction index is equal to 80.6%;the level of satisfaction of users of the health structure is satisfactory. Conclusion Patient satisfaction is an essential part of quality care. Patient satisfaction must be based on effective communication from the healthcare team and the creation of a patient-caregive

关键词： Assessment Satisfaction Reception Ad Emergency Department Health Center

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Study of Factors Associated with Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Rabies in the Commune of Niakhéne in Senegal, in 2022

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 180-197页

作者： Boubacar Gueye Martial Coly Bop Ndéye Marième Diagne Khadija Barro Cheikh Tacko Diop alioune Badara Tall Papa Gallo Sow Mountaga Dia Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye Ousseynou Ka Training and Research Unit for Health and Sustainable Development Alioune Diop University of Bambeye Bambeye Senegal Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Health and Development Institute Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Rabies is a serious disease, as it is always fatal, but it can be prevented by sero-vaccination. It is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Asia and Africa. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and to determine the factors associated with them among people aged 18 and over in the commune of Niakhène. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey of subjects aged 18 and over living in the commune of Niakhène. A sample of 300 individuals was drawn from a two-stage cluster survey stratified by age and sex. Bivariate analysis was performed using association tests. Results: The mean age of respondents was 35.3 ± 16.9 years. It was noted that 67% (201) of respondents had a good knowledge of rabies. The results showed that 7.3% (22) of respondents owned a dog. Of the 278 people who did not own a dog, 78.4% (218) said they would have vaccinated their dog if they had had one. It should be noted that 83.7% (251) of respondents said they would go to a health facility if an animal bit them. None of the dog owners had vaccinated their dogs against rabies. Of the 41 people exposed to rabies, 39% went to a health facility. The age and education of the respondents had statistically significant associations with knowledge of rabies. Respondents’ age and education were statistically significantly related to whether they had vaccinated a domestic dog. The age, education and economic well-being quintile of respondents’ households had statistically significant associations with the use of a health facility in the event of being bitten or scratched by an animal vector. The education of respondents who had been bitten by an animal vector was statistically significantly associated with the use of a health facility. Conclusion: It would be imperative for human and animal health authorities to collaborate in a “One Health” approach in order to increase knowledge and promote the adoption of good pract

关键词： Rabies Knowledge Attitudes Practices Associated Factors Senegal

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