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Cheaper Precision Weapons: An Exploratory Study about the HESA Shahed 136

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Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 2024年第1期9卷 40-59页

作者： Daniel Zampronha aline Albuquerque National Institute for Applied Sciences Rouen Normandie Rouen France Programme of Pos-Graduation in Bioethics University of Brasília Brasília Brazil

The ability to hit a target with precision and from a great distance has been reserved for the world’s superpowers. However, this resource is increasingly being threatened as drones with this long-range and precision capability are becoming more accessible to those who don’t have this strategic ability. This article starts with an analysis of the Iranian HESA Shahed 136 drone to discuss the latest innovations in low-cost long-range precision weapons, specifically the use of kamikaze drones and loitering munitions. This is an exploratory study that starts by discussing the notion of a kamikaze drone and then analyses the design options for the Shahed 136, to reflect on the future of this new type of weapon and its implications for the economic and political relationship between weapon and cost. The conclusion is that the HESA Shahed 136 revolutionizes the concept of precise long-range strikes, a function that until now was reserved for expensive and technologically demanding tactical missiles and aircraft, and which can now be carried out with cheap drones. This creates an arms race not only in producing the most technological and precise weaponry but also the least expensive.

关键词： Drones Loitering Munitions

Reduction Discoloration of Reactive Dyed Cotton Waste and Chemical Recycling via Ionic Liquid

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1557-1571页

作者： aline Ferreira Knihs Larissa Klen Aragão Miguel Angelo Granato Andrea Cristiane Krause Bierhalz Rita de Cassia Siqueira Curto Valle Department of Textile Engineering Federal University of Santa CatarinaBlumenau89036-256Brazil

The textile industry generates large volumes of waste throughout its production *** of this waste is colored,therefore,discoloration is an important step toward recycling and reusing this *** study focused on the chemical reductive discoloration of textile waste composed of cotton dyed with reactive *** experimental design demonstrated the significant influence of the concentration of reducing agent and time of reaction on the degree of whiteness of the cotton *** concentration of the alkaline agent was not significant in the *** optimization of the reaction conditions lead to Berger degree of 50.5±*** discolored cotton was chemically recycled through dissolution in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and regeneration in film form in *** microstructure of the regenerated cellulose films was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)indicating complete dissolution and uniform *** discoloration process reduced the polymerization degree and crystallinity index of the cotton fibers but retained the cellulose I *** dissolution and cellulose regeneration process results in transparent films with an amorphous *** thermal behavior,evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis,indicated that residues and regenerated film presented a main decomposition *** maximum decomposition rate temperature of the regenerated films was approximately 40℃lower than the cotton fibers,which correlates well with the reduction in polymerization degree and amorphous *** general,the study demonstrated that textile cotton waste dyed with reactive dyes can be chemically discolored to form transparent and amorphous films,contributing to the development of sustainable strategies for the textile industry.

关键词： Reactive dyed cotton waste reactive discoloration ionic liquid dissolution and regeneration recycling and reusing

Association of donor hepatectomy time with liver transplantation outcomes: A multicenter retrospective study

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 130-140页

作者： Geisiane Custodio Andrew Maykon Massutti aline Caramori Taynara Gonçalves Pereira Augusto Dalazen Gabriela Scheidt Ludmilla Thomazini Cristiane Bauermann Leitão Tatiana Helena Rech Department of Intensive Care Unit Hospital Santa IsabelBlumenau-Santa Catarina CEP-89010906Brazil Transplant Division Hospital Santa IsabelBlumenau-Santa Catarina CEP-89010906Brazil School of Medicine Universidade Regional de Blumenau(FURB)Blumenau-Santa Catarina CEP-89010906Brazil School of Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-903Brazil Departement of Endocrinology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-903Rio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Internal Medicine Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreDivision of Intensive Care MedicinePorto Alegre 90035-903Brazil

BACKGROUND Prolonged donor hepatectomy time may be implicated in early and late complications of liver *** To evaluate the impact of donor hepatectomy time on outcomes of liver transplant recipients,mainly early allograft *** This multicenter retrospective study included brain-dead donors and adult liver graft ***-recipient matching was obtained through a crossover *** and laboratory data were recorded for both donors and *** hepatectomy,cold ischemia,and warm ischemia times were *** outcome was early allograft *** outcomes included need for retransplantation,length of intensive care unit and hospital stay,and patient and graft survival at 12 *** From January 2019 to December 2021,a total of 243 patients underwent a liver transplant from a brain-dead *** these,57(25%)developed early allograft *** median donor hepatectomy time was 29(23–40)*** with early allograft dysfunction had a median hepatectomy time of 25(22–38)min,whereas those without it had a median time of 30(24–40)min(P=0.126).CONCLUSION Donor hepatectomy time was not associated with early allograft dysfunction,graft survival,or patient survival following liver transplantation.

关键词： Brain death Hepatectomy Liver transplantation Early allograft dysfunction Graft survival

Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis with A Strategy Based on Phototherapy (M.A.C.^® Scar Acceleration Method)

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Modern Research in Inflammation 2024年第1期13卷 1-7页

作者： Marcus Vinicius de Mello Pinto Karin Yuri Fernández Iturra aline Ronis Sampaio María Elena Silva Álvarez Esteban Fortuny Celulare Institute Petrópolis Brazil Bienus Clinic Santiago Chile Fisiocare Curicó Chile Universidad Finis Terrae Santiago Chile

Candidiasis, also known as candidiasis vulvovaginitis, is an infection caused by different types of Candida fungi, the most frequent being Candida albicans. The present study reports an effective strategy, which opens new avenues for the treatment of this public health problem. The MAC® Methodology, conventional laser light-emitting (LLLT)/LED) methods are based on the biphasic response demonstrated many times in LLLT research and as with other forms of drugs, a “drug” (irradiation parameters) and a “dose” (irradiation times) and the “Arndt-Schulz Law” is often cited as a suitable model to describe the dose-dependent effects of LLLT. This method uses photopharmaceuticals, cell markers and the use of correct parameters for each case to induce the acceleration of tissue repair. The present study shows a case of a 32-year-old patient diagnosed with recurrent candidiasis 4 years ago. Eighteen sessions were performed (every other day) using a photoactivated component (Methylene blue 1% + Clotrimazole 1%) and LED phototherapy (red, blue and violet) with emission times of 60 - 260 seconds for each applicator, according to the dose recommendations of the scar acceleration method (MAC®). At the sixth treatment session there was a noticeable decrease in the itching sensation reported by the patient. In session 11 she reported feeling a great improvement, indicating that she no longer felt itching in any area after 18 sessions. The present case demonstrates new methodologies to treat common problems in the population that have a positive impact on the quality of life. This methodology has a promising future because it is non-invasive and requires a great biological transformation for inflammatory, fungal and viral control.

关键词： Treatment of vulvovaginal Candidiasis Candidiasis Candida M.A.C. MAC®

Aqueous Extract of Ceiba pentandra Stimulates the Production of Fetal Hemoglobin in Sickle Cell Patients

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 295-306页

作者： Marie Miezi Nsimba Magain Barihuta Mihatano Blaise Maya Mbamu aline Diza Lubongo Thoms Nzaji Kolombo Josué Matadi Mukengeshaie José Nzunzu Lami Laboratoire de Recherche Bio-Organique Dpartement de Chimie Mdicinale et Pharmacognosie Facult des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Universit de Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Laboratoire dAnalyse Biologique Hpital Biamba Marie Mutombo Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Centre de Phytothrapie Moderne NIECA Commune de Ngaba Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Traumatology Service Department of Surgery Kinshasa University Hospital University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Subsequent studies have demonstrated the reversed activity of the aqueous extract of Ceiba pentandra on the deformity of sickled red blood cells in hypoxia conditions. The observation which related to an in vitro study had given rise to hopes as to the management of sickle cell disease (SCD) by the use of this plant species. In this paper, the authors aimed to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of C. pentandra on the production of fetal hemoglobin in SCD patients. The work carried out hemoglobin electrophoresis, for a period of six months, on blood samples from SCD patients who voluntarily undergone routine treatment, based on the medicinal recipe prepared from the bark of the trunk and branches of C. pentandra, in a hospital center of herbal medicines located in Kinshasa. The medicinal recipe called BEAT-SS is a patented product of the hospital center named Centre de Phytothérapie Moderne NIECA. Blood samples from patients under treatment were taken to evaluate the behavior of different forms of hemoglobin (hemoglobin S, hemoglobin F and hemoglobin A2). Agarose gel electrophoresis with integrated reading was used for the separation of the different forms of hemoglobin, as well as their dosage on each sample of sickle blood. A reduction in the proportion of hemoglobin S and an increase in the proportion of fetal hemoglobin were found in all sickle cell patients during the treatment period. This observation could affirm that the management of sickle cell patients using the recipe prepared from the aqueous extract of C. pentandra could increase the level of fetal hemoglobin in these patients.

关键词： Sickle Cell Disease Hemoglobin S Fetal Hemoglobin Ceiba pentandra

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Followed at the Outpatient Treatment Centre of Panzi General Referral Hospital in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 259-274页

作者： Marlene Abedi Zalufa Jean-Paulin Mbo Mukonkole aline Byabene Kusinza Nicolas Vignier Dieudonné Bihehe Masemo David Willy Shamputi Omari Mukanga Lampard Marie Hatem Department of Internal Medicine Panzi General Referral Hospital Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo Evangelical University in Africa Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo Statistics Department Panzi General Referral Hospital Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo International Centre for The Advanced Research and Training-ICART Panzi Foundation Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo Faculty of Medicine University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales CHU Avicenne Bobigny France Sorbonne University Paris France School of Public Health Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Université de Montréal Montréal Canada

Introduction: Anemia in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is a major health problem. Although anemia often responds to combination antiretroviral therapy, many patients remain anemic despite treatment, and such persistent anemia continues to adversely affect prognosis, regardless of drug response. Scientists have identified some of the factors involved. However, the mechanisms put in place have not been effective in overcoming them. Examples include the withdrawal of zidovudine from antiretroviral treatment lines, iron and folate supplementation, etc. Anemia is still a major concern in HIV-positive patients. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among PLHIV followed up at the outpatient treatment centre (CTA) of the Panzi General Reference Hospital (HGR) in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Method: We conducted a cross-sectional, comparative study of 276 HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART) followed up at the CTA of Panzi HGR. Socio-demographic and nutritional parameters were collected using a survey questionnaire, and clinical assessment and nutritional status were performed at the centre. Hemoglobin, seric albumin and viral load determinations were performed at the HGRP laboratory. We constructed univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess factors associated with anemia in people living with HIV/AIDS. Results: We found a prevalence of anemia of 39.4%, including 4.1% severe anemia, 17.7% moderate anemia and 17.5% mild anemia. After multivariate adjustment, the factors associated with anemia in our PLHIV were: moderate undernutrition (aOR = 1.26;95% CI: 1.50 - 4.20;p = 0.001), severe undernutrition (aOR = 115.4;95% CI: 2.04 - 164.52;p = 0.021), hypoalbuminemia (aOR = 2.11;95% CI: 1.87 - 5.10;p = 0.004) and the lower degree of dietary diversity (aOR = 1.56;95% CI: 1.10 - 4.32;p = 0.034). Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in PLHIV on ART is high.

关键词： Anemia HIV/AIDS Undernutrition PANZI Hospital

Correlation between Intestinal Health and Coccidiosis Prevalence in Broilers during Different Seasons of the Year in Brazil from 2012 to 2018

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 179-198页

作者： Fabio Luis Gazoni Gabriela Miotto Galli Marcel Manente Boiago Lenita Moura Stefani aline Zampar Marco A. Juárez-Estrada Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Aleksandro S. da Silva Animal Health and Reproduction Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Brazil Animal Science Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Animal Science Graduate Program Santa Catarina State University (UDESC) Chapecó Brazil Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de Mexico Mexico Department of Poultry Science Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Coccidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, specifically belonging to the genus Eimeria. These parasites target the gastrointestinal tract in different types of hosts, causing sores in the intestinal lining. The presence of these lesions reduces the animal’s ability to digest and absorb nutrients, significantly impacting their overall performance. The current study aimed to explore the potential correlation between seasonal variations and the incidence of Eimeria spp-induced lesions in broiler chickens’ gastrointestinal tracts in Brazil from 2012 to 2018. A total of 8,607 broiler chickens, aged 14 to 42 days, were sampled from 103 poultry integrated companies in Brazil to conduct intestinal health examinations. The sampling process involved selecting 3 to 6 chickens from each poultry house for examination. The assessment included various abnormalities such as shedding of intestinal cells and excessive fluid and mucus presence, thickening and tension of the intestines, food movement, roughened mucosal surface resembling a Turkish towel in the small intestine, tissue death, duodenal inflammation, intestinal inflammation, gizzard erosion, presence of worms and bedding material, and ingestion of mealworms. During the seasons, winter exhibited the highest average occurrence of Eimeria maxima microorganisms at 52.83%, with E. acervulina following closely at 26.42% in second place. In spring, E. maxima had an occurrence of 11.31%, while in fall, E. tenella had the lowest occurrence at 6.74%. When analyzing the seasonal occurrence of Eimeria, it was observed that E. maxima micro was more common during winter compared to summer (P = 0.0491). However, no discernible variation was observed in the occurrence of the remaining species across different seasons. Research findings suggest that subclinical coccidiosis is most prevalent during the winter season in Brazil. Likewise, clinical disease caused by E. acervulina is also prevalent during this time. I

关键词： Eimeria Epidemiology Intestinal Pathology Broiler Chickens Brazil

Iron-Deficiency Anemia Management in Gynecological Surgery: A Review of Current Evidence and Best Practices

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1223-1241页

作者： aline Evangelista Santiago Artur Lima Sendin Víctor Nilo Nogueira Rogério Adão Braga Admilson Lemos Costa Filho Eduardo Batista Cândido Agnaldo Lopes Silva Filho Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine Santo Amaro University (UNISA) So Paulo Brazil Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine So Paulo State University (UNESP) So Paulo Brazil

Purpose: Due to the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in women undergoing gynecological surgeries and its association with worse postoperative results, it is necessary to identify and treat anemia preoperatively. However, although anemia and iron deficiency are significant global health problems, there are still disparities in the recognition and implementation of “Patient Blood Management” (PBM) as a comprehensive approach to mitigating the risks associated with these diseases. The purpose of the study is to review best practices for the treatment of anemia based on the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol and PBM recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed the literature on preoperative iron deficiency anemia in patients undergoing gynecological surgery. We identified references through searches in PubMed using relevant search terms. Results: Among the various strategies used in PBM, perhaps the most important is the early detection and management of anemia. In gynecological surgery, there are several approaches to reducing perioperative blood loss, highlighting the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (aGnRh) and antifibrinolytics. Oral and intravenous iron supplementation can be performed in addition to blood transfusion to treat anemia. Conclusion: Addressing preoperative and postoperative anemia through systematic correction, following the guidelines of the ERAS protocol and PBM guidelines, is essential to improving perioperative outcomes in women undergoing gynecological surgery.

关键词： Anemia Gynecological Surgery Iron Supplementation Iron Deficiency

减少营养损失和提高生长猪可持续性的饲养策略

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2024年第2期44卷 1-11页

作者：孙丹彤(译) 王祎汀(校) 张配配(复校) 孟祥光(制图表) Candido Pomar Ines Andretta aline Remus 不详

多年来,利用营养物质养猪的效率有所提高。给猪饲喂能够满足其估算营养需要的饲料可以提高营养物质的利用率,利用率的提高相当于增加养猪生产的经济收益,同时最大限度地改善环境的影响。撰写本文的目的是回顾不同的日粮配伍法对动物营... 详细信息

多年来,利用营养物质养猪的效率有所提高。给猪饲喂能够满足其估算营养需要的饲料可以提高营养物质的利用率,利用率的提高相当于增加养猪生产的经济收益,同时最大限度地改善环境的影响。撰写本文的目的是回顾不同的日粮配伍法对动物营养物质利用率的影响,这些方法能向畜禽提供能够满足其所需营养水平的日粮,同时又能最大限度地减少营养物质的排泄量和温室气体的排放量。调整日粮配方来降低日粮中粗蛋白含量,可帮助畜禽最大限度利用日粮中氮和能量。减少动物生产碳足迹的重要技术是使用养殖场所在地的饲料原料和非人类食用产品(如菜籽粕),并在日粮中添加合成氨基酸。精准的饲喂和营养供给不仅可以通过每天定制畜禽所需的日粮,最大限度地提高动物对营养物质的利用率,还可以降低饲料成本,并提高日粮中氮的利用率。我们利用数学模型研究了减少日粮中粗蛋白水平对氮和能量利用率的影响。与不添加合成氨基酸的对照日粮相比,使用粗蛋白含量减少8%的试验日粮,可使氮利用率提高54%,同时使饲料成本降低11%。由于减少了由蛋白质脱氨基作用引发的能量损失,日粮中粗蛋白含量的同步减少意味着可利用能量有了较大的提高。与对照日粮相比,猪饲喂低蛋白日粮后,通过尿液和后肠发酵引发的能量损失降低了24%。与群体(group phase)饲喂相比,精准的饲喂和营养供给可以使畜禽减少30%的氮排泄量。用低蛋白日粮和精准饲喂技术可使养猪绩效具有相加性,产生61%的氮利用率。猪营养需要量的估算方法还有改进的空间。提高不同个体之间存在营养利用差异的认识,有助于进一步改善养猪生产对环境的影响。

关键词：低蛋白日粮可持续养猪生产精准饲喂精准营养营养物质利用营养物质利用率