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Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon boreal forest

Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： Charles j.KREBS alice j.kenney B.Scott GILBERT Rudy BOONSTRA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renewable Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

Baseline studies of small rodent populations in undisturbed ecosystems are *** report here 50 years of mon-itoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American boreal forest,the red-backed vole Clethrionomys *** voles breed in summer,weigh 20–25 g,and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per *** populations have shown consistent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years with the only change being that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that *** the last 25 years,we have measured food resources,predator numbers,and winter weather,and for 1-year social interactions,to estimate their contribution to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overwinter *** these potential limiting factors could contribute to changes in density,and we measured their relative contributions statistically with multiple *** rate of winter decline in density was related to both food supply and winter *** rate of summer increase was related to summer berry crops and white spruce cone *** measure of predator numbers was related to winter or summer changes in vole *** was a large signal of climate change effects in these *** is no density dependence in summer population growth and only a weak one in winter population *** of our results provide a clear understanding of what generates 3–4-year cycles in these voles,and the major missing piece may be an understanding of social interactions at high density.

关键词： boreal forest climate change density dependence population cycles predation winter severity

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Impact of climate change on the small mammal community of the Yukon boreal forest

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第6期14卷 528-541页

作者： Charles j.KREBS Rudy BOONSTRA BScott GILBERT alice j.kenney Stan BOUTIN Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada Renewable Resources Management Program Yukon CollegeWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Long-term monitoring is critical to determine the stability and sustainability of wildlife populations,and if change has occurred,*** have followed population density changes in the small mammal community in the boreal forest of the southern Yukon for 46 years with density estimates by live trapping on 3-5 unmanipulated grids in spring and *** community consists of 10 species and was responsible for 9%of the energy flow in the herbivore component of this ecosystem from 1986 to 1996,but this increased to 38%from 2003 to *** mammals,although small in size,are large in the transfer of energy from plants to predators and *** species form the bulk of the *** was a shift in the dominant species from the 1970s to the 2000s,with Myodes rutilus increasing in relative abundance by 22%and Peromyscus maniculatus decreasing by 22%.From 2007 to 2018,Myodes comprised 63%of the catch,Peromyscus 20%,and Microtus species 17%.Possible causes of these changes involve climate change,which is increasing primary production in this boreal forest,and an associated increase in the abundance of 3 rodent predators,marten(Martes americana),ermine(Mustela ermine)and coyotes(Canis latrans).Following and understanding these and potential future changes will require long-term monitoring studies on a large scale to measure metapopulation *** small mammal community in northern Canada is being affected by climate change and cannot remain sta*** will be critically dependent on food-web interactions that are species-specific.

关键词： community change long-term study population cycles trophic dynamics voles

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Effects of the availability of floral resources and neighboring plants on nectar robbery in a specialized pollination system

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 541-548页

作者： júlia Mendonça Almeida Caio César Corrêa Missagia Maria alice Santos Alves Graduação Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO)CEPAvenida Pasteur458Rio de Janeiro 22290-240Brazil Departamento de Ecologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e EvoluçãoInstituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes(IBRAG)Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves e ComportamentoUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UERJ)Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil Departamento de Ecologia IBRAGLaboratório de Ecologia de Aves UERJ.Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil

Many plants pollinated by nectar-foraging animals have to maintain a balance between legitimate visitor attraction strategies and mechanisms that minimize illegitimate *** study investigated how floral display and neighboring species composition influences nectar robbing by hummingbirds in the tropical ornithophilous herb Heliconia *** tested the role of inflorescence display,flower abundance,and neighboring species in the reduction of nectar robbing in *** results indicate that nectar robbing hummingbird activity was higher in moderately large inflorescence displays and that the frequency of nectar robbing in *** decreases with increased flower abundance and the presence of neighboring plant *** non-ornithophilous plants decreased the frequency of nectar robbing in *** flowers to a greater extent than ornithophilous *** results suggest that nectar robbing hummingbirds are attracted to similar conditions that attract legitimate visitors and that spatial aggregation and mixed-species displays may represent a mechanism to dilute nectar robbing effects at an individual level.

关键词： Brazilian Atlantic forest density floral antagonists Heliconiaceae

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Interference screws *** anchors for isolated medial patellofemoral ligament femoral fixation:A systematic review

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 123-129页

作者： Filippo Migliorini alice Baroncini jörg Eschweiler Markus Tingart Nicola Maffulli Department of Orthopaedics University Clinic AachenRheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule(RWTH)Aachen University ClinicAachen 52074Germany Department of Medicine Surgery and DentistryUniversity of SalernoBaronissi 84081Italy School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering School of MedicineKeele UniversityStoke on Trent ST47QBUK Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryMile End HospitalQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E14DGUK

Purpose:The present study aimed to systematically review and compare 2 femoral autograft fixation techniques,namely,interference screws and suture anchors,for isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability at mid-to long-term ***:A literature search was performed in September *** studies reporting the outcomes of primary isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellofemoral instability were considered for *** studies reporting the type of femoral autograft fixation under examination were *** reporting data from patients with elevated tibial tuberosity-tibial groove,patella alta,and/or Dejour’s trochlear dysplasia types C and D,were not *** articles reporting data with a minimum follow-up period of 18 months were ***:Data from 19 studies(615 patients)were *** overall age was 24.4±6.7 years(mean±SD).The mean follow-up was 46.5±20.9 *** were 76 patients in the anchor group and 539 in the screw *** was found with regard to age and follow-up duration between the 2 study *** was comparability between the Kujala,Lysholm,and Tegner scores at *** the last follow-up,no worthy differences were found in terms of mean Kujala(+2.1%;p=0.04),Lysholm(+1.7%;p=0.05),and Tegner(+15.8%;p=0.05)*** complications occurred almost exclusively in the screw cohort,no statistically significant difference was ***:Femoral autograft fixation through interference screws or suture anchors report similar clinical scores and rate of apprehension test,persistent joint instability,re-dislocations,and *** results must be interpreted within the limitations of the present study.

关键词： Femoral fixation Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction Patellofemoral instability

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Enhancing bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cells and biophotovoltaics using nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2184-2199页

作者： Mohammed Mouhib Alessandra Antonucci Melania Reggente Amirmostafa Amirjani alice j. Gillen Ardemis A.Boghossian Laboratory of NanoBiotechnology (LNB) Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne CH-1015Switzerland Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engin eering Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran ***Iran

Microbial fuel cells and biophotovoltaics represent promising technologies for green bioelectricity ***,these devices suffer from low durability and efficiency that stem from their reliance on living organisms to act as *** limitations can be overcome with augmented capabilities enabled by *** review presents an overview of the different nanomaterials used to enhance bioelectricity generation through improved light harvesting,extracellular electron transfer,and anode *** implementation of nanomaterials in whole-cell energy devices holds promise in developing bioelectrical devices that are suitable for industry.

关键词： biophotovoltaics extracellular electron transfer microbial fuel cell bioelectricity energy

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Challenges in developing therapeutic strategies for mild neonatal encephalopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 277-282页

作者： alice McDouall Guido Wassink Laura Bennet Alistair j.Gunn joanne O.Davidson Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

There is increasing evidence that infants with mild neonatal encephalopathy(NE) have significant risks of mortality, brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the era of therapeutic hypothermia, infants need to be diagnosed within 6 hours of birth, corresponding with the window of opportunity for treatment of moderate to severe NE, compared to the retrospective grading over 2 to 3 days, typically with imaging and formal electroencephalographic assessment in the pre-hypothermia era. This shift in diagnosis may have increased the apparent prevalence of brain damage and poor neurological outcomes seen in infants with mild NE in the era of hypothermia. Abnormal short term outcomes observed in infants with mild NE include seizures, abnormal neurologic examination at discharge, abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging and difficulty feeding. At 2 to 3 years of age, mild NE has been associated with an increased risk of autism, language and cognitive deficits. There are no approved treatment strategies for these infants as they were not included in the initial randomized controlled trials for therapeutic hypothermia. However, there is already therapeutic creep, with many centers treating infants with mild NE despite the limited evidence for its safety and efficacy. The optimal duration of treatment and therapeutic window of opportunity for effective treatment need to be specifically established for mild NE as the evolution of injury is likely to be slower, based on preclinical data. Randomized controlled trials of therapeutic hypothermia for infants with mild NE are urgently required to establish the safety and efficacy of treatment. This review will examine the evidence for adverse outcomes after mild NE and dissect some of the challenges in developing therapeutic strategies for mild NE, before analyzing the evidence for therapeutic hypothermia and other strategies for treatment of these infants.

关键词： asphyxia electroencephalogram erythropoietin mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonatal encephalopathy neurological examination neuroprotection Sarnat score therapeutic hypothermia

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Functional responses to deforestation in fish communities inhabiting neotropical streams and rivers

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 716-732页

作者： Isabel Cantera Céline jézéquel Tony Dejean jérôme Murienne Régis Vigouroux alice Valentini Sébastien Brosse Department of Environmental Science and Policy Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoVia Celoria 2620133 MilanItaly Laboratoire Evolution et DiversitéBiologique UMR5174-UniversitéPaul SabatierCNRSIRD118 Route de Narbonne31062 ToulouseFrance SPYGEN Savoie Technolac-BP 27417 Rue du Lac Saint-André73375 Le Bourget-du-Lac CedexFrance HYDRECO Laboratoire Environnement de Petit SautB.P 82397388 Kourou CedexFrench GuianaFrance

Background Deforestation is a widespread disturbance for neotropical freshwater *** biodiversity declines have been associated with deforestation,its functional consequences for stream and river fish faunas remain poorly *** this study,we explored how deforestation affects the different facets of the functional structure of fish communities inventoried using environmental DNA metabarcoding in 64 river and 35 stream sites of French ***,we investigated how functional richness,divergence,evenness and identity of fish faunas are affected by *** We showed that anthropogenic disturbances in French Guiana are modifying the functional diversity of freshwater fish *** disturbances not only affected the amount of functional traits held by the communities but also the identity of the traits and the internal structure of the functional ***,different facets of the functional diversity supported by fish assemblages were *** streams,deforestation did not affect the overall diversity of traits but reduced functional redundancy,underlined by a shift in functional identity towards assemblages dominated by pelagic *** contrast,river fish faunas experienced a decline in functional richness,paired with shifts in functional identity and a loss of fish species with extreme *** The response to deforestation differed between streams and rivers,but it supports the hypothesis that deforestation is linked to functional changes in fish *** diminishing the range of the functions in rivers or by jeopardizing the redundancy of functions in streams,deforestation could severely hamper the functioning and stability of neotropical freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： eDNA Traits Functional space Richness Divergence Evenness Identity Gold mining

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Fine-scale habitat differentiation shapes the composition, structure and aboveground biomass but not species richness of a tropical Atlantic forest

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journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1599-1611页

作者： alice Cristina Rodrigues Pedro Manuel Villa Arshad Ali Walnir Ferreira-junior Andreza Viana Neri Laboratorio de Ecologia e Evoluc¸ao de Plantas–LEEP Departamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Vic¸osaVic¸osaMinas Gerais CEP 36570-900Brazil Fundacion para la Conservacion de la Biodiversidad Merida 7101MeridaVenezuela College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Setor de Biologia e Meio Ambiente Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas Gerais-IFSULDEMINAS-Campus MachadoHighway Machado-Paraguac¸ukm 3MachadoMG CEP 37750000Brazil

Evaluating the influences of fine-scale habitat heterogeneity on the composition,diversity,structure and functioning of forests is critical to understand how tropical forests will respond to climate change and devise forest management strategies that will enhance biodiversity conservation and aboveground biomass ***,we hypothesized that topographic and soil factors determine fine-scale habitat differentiation,which in turn shape community composition,species richness,structure and aboveground biomass at the local scale in tropical *** test this hypothesis,we selected two areas(each 100×100 m)with contrasting fine-scale topographic conditions where all trees,palms and lianas with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were tagged and identified to *** each selected area,100 subplots of 10×10 m were *** mainly found that higher topographic variability caused higher habitat differentiation with changes in species composition and community structure,but did not change species *** habitat-scale analyses indicated that,in the less heterogeneous area,the distribution of species was more uniform along a fine-scale topographical gradient with no variation in convexity,which induced changes in structure and aboveground biomass,but not in species *** nonsignificant relationship between species richness and aboveground biomass may be attributable to species redundancy or functional *** study suggests that environmental filtering is a fundamental process for shaping community assembly and forest functioning along a local topographical gradient in tropical forests.

关键词： Community–habitat associations Convexity Rarefaction Topographic variability

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Applying the Socio-Ecological Model to barriers to implementation of ACL injury prevention programs: A systematic review

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 8-16页

作者： DRima L.Bogardus Ryan j.Martin alice R.Richman Anthony S.Kulas Department of Health Education and Promotion East Carolina University

Background: Preventing anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries is important to avoid long-term adverse health consequences. Identifying barriers to implementation of these prevention programs is crucial to reducing the incidence of these injuries. Our purpose was to identify barriers of implementation for ACL injury prevention programs and suggest mechanisms for reducing the barriers through application of a SocioEcological Model(SEM).Methods: Studies investigating ACL prevention program effectiveness were searched in Medline via PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and a subsequent review of the references of the identified articles, yielded 15 articles total. Inclusion criteria encompassed prospective controlled trials, published in English, with ACL injuries as the primary outcome. Studies were independently appraised by 2 reviewers for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Barriers to implementation were identified when reported in at least 2 separate studies. A SEM was used to suggest ways to reduce the identified ***: Five barriers were identified: motivation, time requirements, skill requirements for program facilitators, compliance, and cost. The SEM suggested ways to minimize the barriers at all levels of the model from the individual through policy ***: Identification of barriers to program implementation and suggesting how to reduce them through the SEM is a critical first step toward enabling ACL prevention programs to be more effective and ultimately reducing the incidence of these injuries.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention Barriers to implementation Neuromuscular training programs Socio-Ecological Model Sports injury prevention

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Very early family-based intervention for anxiety:two case studies with toddlers

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General Psychiatry 2019年第6期32卷 349-355页

作者： Dina R Hirshfeld-Becker Aude Henin Stephanie j Rapoport Timothy E Wilens alice S Carter Child CBT Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA

Anxiety disorders represent the most common categor of psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents and contribute to distress,impairment and *** Anxiety disorders or their temperamental precursors are often evident in early childhood,and anxiety can impair functioning,even during preschool age and in toddlerh A growing number of investigators have shown that anxiety in preschoolers can be treated efficaciously using cognitive-behavioural therapy(CBT)administere either by training the parents to apply CBT strategies with their children or through direct intervention with parents and *** date,most investigators have drawn the line at offering direct CBT to children under the age of ***,since toddlers can also present with impairing symptoms,and since behaviour strategi can be applied in older preschoolers with poor languag ability successfully,it ought to be possible to apply CBT anxiety to younger children as *** therefore prese two cases of very young children with impairing anxiet(ages 26 and 35 months)and illustrate the combinatio parent-only and parent-child CBT sessions that compri their *** treatment was well tolerated by parents and children and showed promise for reducing anxiety symptoms and improving coping skills.

关键词： distress behaviour apply

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