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论析中国对苏丹—南苏丹问题的新方针（2007-2015）——延续不干涉政策，还是构建负责任的大国形象？

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论析中国对苏丹—南苏丹问题的新方针（2007-2015）——延续不干...

作者： Khalid hassan ali Amin 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

本硕士论文阐述并分析了中国对外奉行的“不干涉”原则在一定程度上的转变或曰调整,但同时指出中国并没有放弃这一核心原则。的确,随着中国在国际事务中的影响力与地位的提升,日益崛起的中国需要担当更多的国际责任。为此,作者以中国在... 详细信息

本硕士论文阐述并分析了中国对外奉行的“不干涉”原则在一定程度上的转变或曰调整,但同时指出中国并没有放弃这一核心原则。的确,随着中国在国际事务中的影响力与地位的提升,日益崛起的中国需要担当更多的国际责任。为此,作者以中国在苏丹和南苏丹冲突问题上的态度转变以及它所带来的后果为案例,试图阐释中国外交政策的一贯立场、目的与使命。论述的起点始于2005年,是年中国政府接受联合国安理会通过的“1593决议案”,即同意把在达富尔地区制造大屠杀的嫌疑犯移交国际法庭;论文结束于2015年,当年中国政府应联合国邀请派出一支整建制的步兵营参与南苏丹首都——朱巴的维和任务。此前,中国派出的维和部队均为工兵、运输、医疗和警卫等准作战部队,而这支部队是中国向国外派遣的第一支拥有全面作战努力的军事力量。此举被不少学者解释为中国意在向世界说明它的对外策略开始进行调整,并从过去的完全“不介入”转向了主动缔造和平的使命。无论何种解释,这显然是中国外交政策的一个历史性转折。众所周知,自1949年中华人民共和国建立以来,特别是1955年万隆会议之后,中国政府把与发展中国家的关系从最初的三大支柱之一视为当今对外关系的基石。由于非洲国家不仅是典型的发展中国家而且与近代中国有着相似的屈辱遭遇,因此,中国历届领导人十分重视发展与非洲国家的友好关系。与此同时,中国恪守“不干涉内战”原则一直深受非洲国家的赞赏和支持。不过,随着中国整体国力与国际影响的快速提升,中国政府日趋意识到与时俱进的必要性。尤其是针对西方大国或霸权主义的极端做法,越来越多的发展中国家希望中国能够承担相应的国际责任,公平合理的解决国际争端。为此,中国政府自1990年开始每年向联合国派遣军事观察员执行维和任务。这一重要的历史性决定绝非轻易之举。鉴于中国一直严格遵守“不干涉内政”原则,它不仅需要做出相应的“合理”解释,而且需要严格地遵循国际惯例以及当地政治与习俗。这既是中国在新世纪面对的历史性任务,而且是一个崛起大国如何向国际社会展现其负责任的意愿与能力。一般而言,维和使命(peace-keeping mission)目的在于遏制当地冲突逐步升级。中国政府坚持认为,这一切均须在联合国安理会领导下的国际社会进行,从而完成维护世界和平,捍卫联合国的宪章精神;并在尊重有关国家主权和领土完整情况下,为和平解决争端创造条件。中国参与联合国维和使命首先是中国根据联合国有关决议和国际法准则,派出的军事部队所要完成的主要任务有:制止冲突,恢复和平。与此同时,忠实履行联合国维和部队的作用是阻止局部冲突扩大化或防止冲突再起,为最终政治解决冲突创造一切条件。目前,中国是联合国安理会常任理事国中派出维和官兵最多的国家之一。中国向南苏丹派出的维和部队有两项最重要的任务:首先,为在其所驻扎的联合国营区周围的难民营提供安全警卫以及巡逻。其次,在南苏丹的几次停火努力都以失败告终后,中国承诺增派具有作战能力维和部队加入联合国南苏丹特派团,目的是要加强在这个饱受战争蹂躏的国家的安全态势。显然,中国的这一举动引起了世界媒体的广泛关注。例如,美国世界政治评论网站6月17日刊文称,中国历来奉行“不干涉主权国家内政”的政策。然而,近年来随着中国在全世界最动荡的一些地区展开了经济投资,但中国政府通常避免卷入当地政治纠纷乃至冲突。这显然是行不通的。如果中国继续把南苏丹这样的国家视作其战略经济舞台,那么,持续动荡导致南苏丹的石油产量下降,使其基础设施建设陷入停顿,最终会危及包括中国在内的任何国家在这个新诞生国家今后数十年的长期投资和利益。那么,中国领导人又是如何思考和着手这一政策转变的呢?同样重要的问题是,为什么中国政府调整其之前奉行的“不干涉内政”原则?如果中国领导人认为这一转变是必要的,那么它给未来中国外交政策带来那些基于和挑战?长期以来,国内外学界研究这一问题的论著或文章不少。其中有些文章颇有探究价值。例如,苏丹学者迦法·阿哈米德对中国在达富尔冲突问题的研究;以及澳大利亚学者萨拉·泰特对中国政府接受联合国提出的R2P行为准则的研究。另外也有世界银行学者和专栏作家对中国进入非洲的论述。然而,至今罕有非洲学者从中国参与苏丹与南苏丹争端的动机和结果进行分析。鉴于此,本论文则是一个大胆的尝试。作者将论文分为四章,随后是一个结论。第一章是论文的总体叙述,其中包括研究问题、研究范围与方法以及对现有相关论文的概述。第二章追述了苏丹问题出现的历史原因以及当年英国殖民当局的“分而治之”遗留下来的负面影响。第三章探讨了2005年之前中国外交对非洲国家的一贯主张,其中包括对中国传统“不干涉内政”原则的分析以及存在的某些限制。同时,论文指出中国传统外交政策及策略发生转变的客观环境。第四章进一步分析了中国在2005年至2015年间,为何改变其“不干涉内政”的外交立场,包括当地民众和

关键词：中国苏丹南苏丹不干涉人道主义援助维和使命

海水环境下氯离子对钢筋混凝土结构劣化的影响

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海水环境下氯离子对钢筋混凝土结构劣化的影响

作者： SYED hassan ali SHAH 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

背景海洋环境条件下,氯离子在水泥混凝土结构中的渗透问题日益严重,尤其是当结构经历干湿循环。氯离子的输送会给钢筋混凝土结构带来许多问题,其中最主要的是钢筋腐蚀问题。氯离子输送机制通常由两个主要部分组成,即毛细管吸力和扩散。... 详细信息

背景海洋环境条件下,氯离子在水泥混凝土结构中的渗透问题日益严重,尤其是当结构经历干湿循环。氯离子的输送会给钢筋混凝土结构带来许多问题,其中最主要的是钢筋腐蚀问题。氯离子输送机制通常由两个主要部分组成,即毛细管吸力和扩散。为了更好地理解这些问题,利用已有的文献在结构中进行了深入的研究。目标本文主要目的是测定三种类型水泥混凝土毛细管吸力形成的对流区的深度。利用菲克第二定律建立模型,测定氯离子在水泥混凝土中的扩散,并通过实验检测高掺量粉煤灰的试样的抗压强度。实验设计采用15%和30%的粉煤灰(按水泥重量计),分别制备了普通水泥混凝土、高性能混凝土和粉煤灰(FA)混凝土四种试样。样品在氯化钠(NaCl)溶液中在干湿循环浸泡条件下进行试验,暴露时间分别设为30周和60周,并选择循环安排的类型。用快速氯离子测试法测定氯离子分布。调查结果首先,通过氯离子浓度的实验曲线,发现对流区的深度在7-13.5mm之间。对流区深度随干燥时间的延长和暴露时间的延长呈上升趋势。其次,讨论了毛细管吸力对对流区深度的影响。通过对水泥混凝土内部高于平流带的氯离子分布的回归分析,实验结果证明扩散过程是氯离子迁移的控制机制。利用所建立的模型,考虑对流区深度的影响,将计算结果在MATLAB软件中进行曲线拟合,拟合过程中发现氯离子的表观扩散系数D,然后根据氯离子的表观扩散系数D和时间指数m值的测试值计算得到了与时间相关的氯离子扩散系数D,实验结果与过去的研究相吻合。最后,讨论了粉煤灰含量对水泥混凝土性能的影响,研究发现粉煤灰水泥混凝土在干湿循环下具有良好的抗氯离子渗透性能。

关键词：氯离子渗透毛细管抽吸扩散菲克定律对流区深度干湿循环粉煤灰海洋环境

Antidiabetic Potential of Carthamus oxycantha ***. Seeds in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第6期13卷 189-198页

作者： ali Imran Abid Hira Muzammel Humera Shafi Mouqadus Un Nisa hassan ali Muhammad Waqar Afzal Nadeem UL hassan Khan Fahad Muzammil Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Bahauddin Zakriya University Multan Pakistan

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common disorders of metabolic abnormalities. It is characterized by hyperglycemia followed by abnormalities in insulin release, insulin work, or both. This persistent hyperglycemia is concerned with long-term complications, dysfunction and collapse of various organs, notoriously the kidneys, heart, nerves, blood vessels and eyes. The seeds of the Carthamus oxycantha have been used by the practitioners as a traditional remedy for diabetes mellitus in the rural areas of district Jhang as well as other areas of Pakistan. Aim of the Study: The purpose of the present study was to reveal the antidiabetic capability of seeds of Carthamus oxycantha in short-term and long-term studies. Materials and Methods: Aqueous ethanolic extract of seeds was prepared by a rotary evaporator. The antidiabetic activity of the seeds was assessed by using normoglycemic and glucose loaded rats. However, two kinds of studies i.e. short-term as well as long-term treatment were carried out in alloxan induced diabetic rats for the finalized both doses i.e. 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Blood samples were tested by an electrochemical technique using a glucometer. Results: The promising results were achieved for the antidiabetic potential of the ethanolic extract of seeds of Carthamus oxycantha at both of the doses i.e. 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. The antihyperglycemic potential was also evaluated in normoglycemic and glucose loaded animals. Treatment with 100 mg/kg AEECO presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) as well as highly significant reduction (p < 0.01) in short term and long term study. Statistical data showed that AEECO presented comparable effects to that of the standard drug Glibenclamide at 0.5 mg/kg. Phytochemical studies of AEECO also disclosed the presence of flavonoids, resins, glycosides, steroids and alkaloids. In conclusion, the antidiabetic properties of AEECO may be attributed either due to the release of insulin or

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Carthamus oxycantha Alloxan Glibenclamide AEECO

Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a Non-Structural Proteins by Small Interference RNA in Human Hepatoma Cell Lines

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第11期6卷 502-517页

作者： Imran Shahid Waleed hassan AlMalki Shaia Saleh R. Almalki Ismail Muhammad AlTurkestany hassan ali AlGhamdi Saleh ali AlMenshawi Applied and Functional Genomics Laboratory Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Umm Al Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Albaha University Albaha Saudi Arabia Infection Control Pilgrims City Hospital Madina Saudi Arabia Toxicology Center Jeddah Saudi Arabia Toxiology Research Center Ministry of Interior Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated liver diseases are still challenging and represent a significant health care burden around the world. Although, the treatment strategies have been improved by the development of novel direct-acting antivirals, but such therapeutic options are still expensive and beyond the financial range of the most infected individuals in developing or even in resource replete countries. It demands an urgent need to search novel and improved alternate treatment strategies to treat the infection. The present study was aimed to develop an in vitro stable cell culture system, persistently expressing HCV genotype 1a non-structural genes and to characterize the inhibitory effects of synthetic siRNAs (short interference RNA) directed against the most conserved regions of nonstructural genes in an in vitro cell culture model. The continuous expression of nonstructural genes for more than 30 days post transfection was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis in stable human hepatoma cell line (Huh-7). The gene expression studies revealed significantly reduced gene expression of HCV nonstructural genes (i.e., NS2, NS4A and NS5A) both at mRNA and protein levels when treated against genome specific synthetic siRNAs in stable cell lines (51%, 47% and 54% respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, a vivid decrease in HCV viral titer was exhibited by synthetic siRNAs in an in vitro viral replicate cell culture model (58%, 48% and 50%, respectively, p < 0.05) determined by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR). Our data indicate that siRNA mediated gene silencing may be considered a promising alternate treatment strategy against HCV in combination with other effective therapeutic regimens in future.

关键词： Hepatitis C Virus Non-Structural Proteins Stable Cell Line Anti-HCV Drugs Short Interference RNA

Observation of coupling between zero- and two- dimensional semiconductor systems based on anomalous diamagnetic effects

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Nano Research 2016年第2期9卷 306-316页

作者： Shuo Cao Jing Tang Yue Sun Kai Peng Yunan Gao Yanhui Zhao Chenjiang Qian Sibai Sun hassan ali Yuting Shao Shiyao Wu Feilong Song David A. Williams Weidong Sheng Kuijuan Jin Xiulai Xu Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge CB3 OHE UK Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100084 China

We report the direct observation of coupling between a single self-assembled InAs quantum dot and a wetting layer, based on strong diamagnetic shifts of many-body exciton states using magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy. An extremely large positive diamagnetic coefficient is observed when an electron in the wetting layer combines with a hole in the quantum dot; the coefficient is nearly one order of magnitude larger than that of the exciton states confined in the quantum dots. Recombination of electrons with holes in a quantum dot of the coupled system leads to an unusual negative diamagnetic effect, which is five times stronger than that in a pure quantum dot system. This effect can be attributed to the expansion of the wavefunction of remaining electrons in the wetting layer or the spread of electrons in the excited states of the quantum dot to the wetting layer after recombination. In this case, the wavefunction extent of the final states in the quantum dot plane is much larger than that of the initial states because of the absence of holes in the quantum dot to attract electrons. The properties of emitted photons that depend on the large electron wavefunction extents in the wetting layer indicate that the coupling occurs between systems of different dimensionality, which is also verified from the results obtained by applying a magnetic field in different configurations. This study paves a new way to observe hybrid states with zero- and two-dimensional structures, which could be useful for investigating the Kondo physics and implementing spin-based solid-state quantum information processing.

关键词： magneto-photoluminescence InAs quantum dots wetting layer strong diamagnetic effects

Design and Implementation of Baccalaureate Grade Processing Web Application for Niger

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2018年第3期11卷 121-128页

作者： ali hassan Kachalo Oumarou Abdou Arbi Ibrahim Mamane Souley Rennes 1 University Rennes France Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger

In this work, we have developed a web application for Baccalaureate grades processing in Niger. This online application allows to replace Excel based manual grades processing with fully automated one. Thus, the application helps to minimize the errors caused by the Excel manipulation. It also allows rapid centralization of all results at the exam service level. For the development, we adopted the agile method. This method is very efficient in allowing us to prioritize our real needs and the application is enriched as these needs arise. For the design, we used the UML Modeling language and for the implementation, we used a number of computer tools such as PHP, JavaScript, HTML, Jquery, AJAX, Bootstrap and CSS.

关键词： Baccalaureate in Niger Web Application Agile Method UML PHP JavaScript AJAX JQUERY The Front-End Bootstrap

Effect of sample treatment on determination of arsenic （Ⅲ） and arsenic （Ⅴ） in aqueous and tissue samples by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2009年第6期3卷 49-53页

作者： Jamileh Salar-Amoli Tahereh ali-Esfahani Jalal hassan Toxicology Research Center University of Tehran Tehran 14155-6453 Iran

The purpose of this procedure was to optimize and improve a method that used for the determination of arsenic （Ⅲ） and arsenic （Ⅴ） in biological and environmental samples. The method is based on hydride generation and atomic absorption spectrometry. For both As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） the parameters such as NaBH4, HCI concentration, and pH were optimized. Absorption signal of As （Ⅴ） was approximately 17% of As （Ⅲ） signal. Therefore, for estimation of As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） concentrations in various samples the difference between the absorbance obtained for arsenic, without and with previous treatment of samples with potassium iodide （KI）, can be applied. The calibration graphs were linear （r〉0.99）, and the detection limits of the method based on three times the standard deviation of the blank were 0.14 and 0.64 μL^-1 for As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ）, respectively. The relative standard deviation （R.S.D.） of measurements was less than 10%. As a means of checking performance method, water samples were spiked with known concentrations of both As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ）, and recovery above 94% was obtained. The proposed method was applied successfully to determine inorganic As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） in various environmental and total As in biological samples.

关键词： arsenic speciation hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

银铜双金属/组氨酸功能化石墨烯量子点/石墨烯杂化物的制备及其在电化学法测定黄瓜中毒死蜱、克百威和多菌灵上的应用

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理化检验（化学分册） 2022年第9期58卷 1063-1070页

作者：徐丹 DJIMA hassan ali 李瑞怡李在均江南大学化学与材料工程学院无锡214122 南京中医药大学翰林学院泰州225300 江南大学生命科学与健康工程学院无锡214122

为了提高金属纳米粒子在石墨烯片上的分散度,通过组氨酸功能化石墨烯量子点(His-GQD)作为桥梁,设计合成银铜双金属/His-GQD/石墨烯杂化物(AgCu/His-GQD/G)。His-GQD通过π-π堆积作用固定到氧化石墨烯上,然后与银离子和铜离子结合形成... 详细信息

为了提高金属纳米粒子在石墨烯片上的分散度,通过组氨酸功能化石墨烯量子点(His-GQD)作为桥梁,设计合成银铜双金属/His-GQD/石墨烯杂化物(AgCu/His-GQD/G)。His-GQD通过π-π堆积作用固定到氧化石墨烯上,然后与银离子和铜离子结合形成复合物,最后在氮气保护下热还原获得AgCu/His-GQD/G。形成的杂化物表现出独特的三维结构,且银、铜纳米粒子均匀分散在石墨烯片上。基于该杂化物构建了电化学适配体传感器,适配体与杂化物上的银、铜纳米粒子通过Ag-N和Cu-N键连接而修饰到电极表面上,用于毒死蜱、克百威和多菌灵的测定,表现出高的灵敏度和选择性。毒死蜱、克百威和多菌灵标准曲线的线性范围分别为1.00×10^(-2)~1.00×10^(3)pmol·L^(-1)、1.00×10^(-1)~1.00×10^(4)pmol·L^(-1)和1.00~1.00×10^(6)pmol·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)分别为3.2×10^(-3)pmol·L^(-1)、2.3×10^(-2)pmol·L^(-1)和2.9×10^(-1)pmol·L^(-1)。该适配体传感器用于黄瓜样品中克百威、毒死蜱和多菌灵的测定,仅检出多菌灵,检出量为1.21 pmol·L^(-1)和1.25 pmol·L^(-1);并按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为99.3%~100%。

关键词：银铜双金属/组氨酸功能化石墨烯量子点/石墨烯杂化物电化学适配体传感器农药残留黄瓜

Intersection Curves of Implicit and Parametric Surfaces in R<sup>3</sup>

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Applied Mathematics 2011年第8期2卷 1019-1026页

作者： Mohamed Abdel-Latif Soliman Nassar hassan Abdel-All Soad ali hassan Sayed Abdel-Naeim Badr 不详

We present algorithms for computing the differential geometry properties of Frenet apparatus {t,n,b,κ,τ} and higher-order derivatives of intersection curves of implicit and parametric surfaces in R3 for transversal and tangential intersection. This work is considered as a continuation to Ye and Maekawa [1]. We obtain a classification of the singularities on the intersection curve. Some examples are given and plotted.

关键词： Geometric Properties Frenet Frame Frenet Apparatus Frenet-Serret Formulas Surface-Surface Intersection Transversal Intersection Tangential Intersection Dupin Indicatrices