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National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan Ahmed Muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan Muhammad Shoaib Khan Muhammad yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the experts.The Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this meeting.This effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these patients.This coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective palliation.The diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreato-graphy.Brush cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for diagnosis.However,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before resection.Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for staging.The only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification.Selected patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver transplantation.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of recurrence.The use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary discussions.Patients with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage.Palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

A Study of Cellular Neural Networks with Vertex-Edge Topological Descriptors

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 3433-3447页

作者： Sadia Husain Muhammad Imran ali Ahmad yasir Ahmad Kashif Elahi Country College of Computer Science&Information Technology Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematical Sciences United Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates Deanship of E-learning and Information Technology Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia

The CellularNeuralNetwork(CNN)has various parallel processing applications,image processing,non-linear processing,geometric maps,highspeed computations.It is an analog paradigm,consists of an array of cells that are interconnected locally.Cells can be arranged in different configurations.Each cell has an input,a state,and an output.The cellular neural network allows cells to communicate with the neighbor cells only.It can be represented graphically;cells will represent by vertices and their interconnections will represent by edges.In chemical graph theory,topological descriptors are used to study graph structure and their biological activities.It is a single value that characterizes the whole graph.In this article,the vertex-edge topological descriptors have been calculated for cellular neural network.Results can be used for cellular neural network of any size.This will enhance the applications of cellular neural network in image processing,solving partial differential equations,analyzing 3D surfaces,sensory-motor organs,and modeling biological vision.

关键词： Cellular neural networks degree topological indices

On Vertex-Edge-Degree Topological Descriptors for Certain Crystal Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第3期40卷 835-850页

作者： Sadia Husain Fouad A.Abolaban ali Ahmad Muhammad Ahsan Asim yasir Ahmad College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology Jazan UniversitySaudi Arabia King Abdulaziz University College of EngineeringNuclear Engineering DepartmentJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Due to the combinatorial nature of graphs they are used easily in pure sciences and social sciences.The dynamical arrangement of vertices and their associated edges make them flexible(like liquid)to attain the shape of any physical structure or phenomenon easily.In the field of ICT they are used to reflect distributed component and communication among them.Mathematical chemistry is another interesting domain of applied mathematics that endeavors to display the structure of compounds that are formed in result of chemical reactions.This area attracts the researchers due to its applications in theoretical and organic chemistry.It also inspires the mathematicians due to involvement of mathematical structures.Regular or irregular bonding ability of molecules and their formation of chemical compounds can be analyzed using atomic valences(vertex degrees).Pictorial representation of these compounds helps in identifying their properties by computing different graph invariants that is really considered as an application of graph theory.This paper reflects the work on topological indices such as ev-degree Zagreb index,the first ve-degree Zagrebindex,the first ve-degree Zagrebindex,the second ve-degree Zagreb index,ve-degree Randic index,the ev-degree Randic index,the ve-degree atom-bond connectivity index,the ve-degree geometric-arithmetic index,the ve-degree harmonic index and the ve-degree sum-connectivity index for crystal structural networks namely,bismuth tri-iodide and lead chloride.In this article we have determine the exact values of ve-degree and ev-degree based topological descriptors for crystal networks.

关键词： ev-degree ve-degree topological indices crystal networks

A Hierarchal Clustered Based Proactive Caching in NDN-Based Vehicular Network

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第10期47卷 1185-1208页

作者： Muhammad yasir Khan Muhammad Adnan Jawaid Iqbal Noor ul Amin Byeong-Hee Roh Jehad ali Department of Computer Science&Information Technology Hazara University Mansehra21120Pakistan Department of Electronics Engineering Kookmin University Seoul Korea Faculty of Computing Riphah International University Islamabad Pakistan Department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Korea

An Information-Centric Network(ICN)provides a promising paradigm for the upcoming internet architecture,which will struggle with steady growth in data and changes in accessmodels.Various ICN architectures have been designed,including Named Data Networking(NDN),which is designed around content delivery instead of hosts.As data is the central part of the network.Therefore,NDN was developed to get rid of the dependency on IP addresses and provide content effectively.Mobility is one of the major research dimensions for this upcoming internet architecture.Some research has been carried out to solve the mobility issues,but it still has problems like handover delay and packet loss ratio during real-time video streaming in the case of consumer and producer mobility.To solve this issue,an efficient hierarchical Cluster Base Proactive Caching for Device Mobility Management(CB-PC-DMM)in NDN Vehicular Networks(NDN-VN)is proposed,through which the consumer receives the contents proactively after handover during the mobility of the consumer.When a consumer moves to the next destination,a handover interest is sent to the connected router,then the router multicasts the consumer’s desired data packet to the next hop of neighboring routers.Thus,once the handover process is completed,consumers can easily get the content to the newly connected router.A CB-PCDMM in NDN-VN is proposed that improves the packet delivery ratio and reduces the handover delay aswell as cluster overhead.Moreover,the intra and inter-domain handover handling procedures in CB-PC-DMM for NDN-VN have been described.For the validation of our proposed scheme,MATLAB simulations are conducted.The simulation results show that our proposed scheme reduces the handover delay and increases the consumer’s interest satisfaction ratio.The proposed scheme is compared with the existing stateof-the-art schemes,and the total percentage of handover delays is decreased by up to 0.1632%,0.3267%,2.3437%,2.3255%,and 3.7313%at the mobility speeds of 5 m/s,10 m/s,15 m/s,20 m/s,and 25

关键词： Vehicular network named data networking caching hierarchical architecture

Antagonistic Potential of Bacterial Species against Fungal Plant Pathogens(FPP)and Their Role in Plant Growth Promotion(PGP):A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第9期91卷 1859-1877页

作者： Amjad ali yasir Iftikhar Mustansar Mubeen Haider ali Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan Zohaib Asad Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Malik Abdul Rehman Mazhar Abbas Muhammad Rafique Muhammad Usman Ghani Department of Plant Protection Sivas University of Science and TechnologySivas58140Turkey Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan College of Bioscience University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK Department of Plant Pathology PMAS University of Arid AgricultureRawalpindi43490Pakistan Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Citrus Research Institute Sargodha40100Pakistan Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management University of Karachi75270KarachiPakistan Pest warning&Quality Control of Pesticides SahiwalPunjab40210Pakistan Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan

Since the 19th century to date,the fungal pathogens have been involved in causing devastating diseases in plants.All types of fungal pathogens have been observed in important agricultural crops that lead to significant pre and postharvest losses.The application of synthetic fungicide against the fungal plant pathogens(FPP)is a traditional management practice but at the same time these fungicides kill other beneficial microbes,insects,animal,and humans and are harmful to environment.The antagonistic microorganism such as bacteria are being used as an alternate strategy to control the FPP.These antagonistic species are cost-effective and eco-friendly in nature.These biocontrol bacteria have a broad mechanism against fungal pathogens present in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of the plant.The antagonistic bacteria have different strategies against the FPP,by producing siderophore,biofilm,volatile organic compounds(VOCs),through parasitism,antibiosis,competition for limited resources and induce systemic resistance(ISR)in the host plant by activating the immune systems.The commercial bio-products synthesized by the major bacterial species Pseudomonas syringae,Burkholderia cepacia,Streptomyces griseoviridis,Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis are used to control Fusarium,Pythium,Rhizoctonia,Penicillium,Alternaria,and Geotrichum.The commercial bio-formulations of bacteria act as both antifungal and plant growth regulators.The Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)played a significant role in improving plant health by nitrogen-fixing,phosphorus solubilization,phytohormones production,minimizing soil metal contamination,and by ACC deaminase antifungal activities.Different articles are available on the specific antifungal activity of bacteria in plant diseases.Therefore,this review article has summarized the information on biocontrol activity of bacteria against the FPP and the role of PGPR in plant growth promotion.This review also provided a complete picture of scattered information regarding antifungal ac

关键词： Fungi plant pathogens synthetic fungicide antagonism bio-products PGPR

Modelling lane-changing execution behaviour in a connected environment:A grouped random parameters with heterogeneity-in-means approach

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Communications in Transportation Research 2021年第1期1卷 61-74页

作者： yasir ali Zuduo Zheng Md Mazharul Haque School of Civil&Environment Engineering Faculty of EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4000Australia School of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringArchitectureand Information TechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbane4000Australia

Lane-changing is performed either to follow the route to a planned destination(i.e.,mandatory lane-changing)or to achieve better driving conditions(i.e.,discretionary lane-changing).A connected environment is expected to assist during lane-changing manoeuvres,but it is not known well how driving aids in a connected environment assist lane-changing execution.As such,this study investigates the impact of a connected environment on lanechanging execution time during mandatory and discretionary lane-changing manoeuvres.To this end,this study designed an advanced driving simulator experiment where 78 drivers performed these manoeuvres on a simulated motorway in three randomised driving conditions.The conditions were baseline(without driving aids),a fully functioning connected environment with a perfect supply of driving aids,and an impaired connected environment with delayed driving aids.The lane-changing execution time has been modelled by a random parameters hazard-based duration modelling approach,which accounts for the panel nature of data and captures the unobserved heterogeneity.Results suggest that,compared to the baseline condition(i.e.,a non-connected environment),most of the drivers in the connected environment take more time to complete their lane-changing manoeuvres,indicating drivers’safer lane-changing execution behaviour in the connected environment.The communication delay driving condition has been found to have more deteriorating effects on mandatory lanechanging manoeuvres than discretionary lane-changing manoeuvres.This study concludes that(i)the connected environment increases safety margin during both lane-changing manoeuvres,and(ii)a higher magnitude of safety margin is observed during mandatory lane-changing manoeuvres whereby drivers have a higher need for assistance.

关键词： Lane-changing Mandatory lane-changing Discretionary lane-changing Connected environment Advanced driving simulator Random parameters

Secure design for cloud control system against distributed denial of service attack

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Control Theory and Technology 2018年第1期16卷 14-24页

作者： yasir ali Yuanqing XIA Liang MA Ahmad HAMMAD School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

Nowadays, the development of cloud computing has given power to the resource-constrained network control system （NCS） to out-source heavy computations to the cloud server. However, the development of Cloud Computing produced many security challenges regarding the cyber-physical connection between the cloud and control system. The connection between the control system and cloud server can be subjected to distributed denial of service （DDoS） attack by an attacker to destabilize the NCS. In this paper, we will address this issue by building a secure mechanism for such systems. We will design a detection approach and a mitigation approach for better stable performance of NCS. To ensure the stability of NCS at the time of DDoS attack, we will also design a switching mechanism （SM） for cloud control system （CCS） when there are no more real time solutions available from the cloud. Finally, we will apply the proposed mechanism to an unmanned arial vehicle （UAV）. Our simulation results show that the mechanism works well in stability and protection of NCS under DDoS attack.

关键词： Cloud control system security of NCS analysis of DDoS attack on NCS

Assessment of sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soil and production of seed oil and seed meal for human and animal consumption

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 24-38页

作者： Afsheen Zehra Zulfiqar ali Sahito Wenbin Tong Lin Tang yasir Hamid Muhammad Bilal Khan Zarina ali Beena Naqui Xiaoe Yang Ministry of Education(MOE)Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resources ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Botany Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyKarachi 75300Pakistan Technical Extension Station of Soil Fertilizer and Rural Energy QujiangQuzhou 324000China PCSIR Laboratories Complex KarachiDr Salimuzzaman RoadKarachi 75280Pakistan

Phytoremediation is a valuable technology for mitigating soil contamination in agricultural lands,but phytoremediation without economic revenue is unfeasible for land owners and farmers.The use of crops with high biomass and bioenergy for phytoremediation is a unique strategy to derive supplementary benefits along with remediation activities.Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)is a high-biomass crop that can be used for the phytoremediation of polluted lands with additional advantages(biomass and oil).In this study,40 germplasms of sunflower were screened in field conditions for phytoremediation with the possibility for oil and meal production.The study was carried out to the physiological maturity stage.All studied germplasms mopped up substantial concentrations of Pb,with maximum amounts in shoot>root>seed respectively.The phytoextraction efficiency of the germplasm was assessed in terms of the Transfer factor(TF),Metal removal efficiency(MRE)and Metal extraction ratio(MER).Among all assessed criteria,GP.8585 was found to be most appropriate for restoring moderately Pb-contaminated soil accompanied with providing high biomass and high yield production.The Pb content in the oil of GP.8585 was below the Food safety standard of China,with 59.5% oleic acid and 32.1% linoleic acid.Moreover,amino acid analysis in meal illustrated significant differences among essential and nonessential amino acids.Glutamic acid was found in the highest percentage(22.4%),whereas cysteine in the lowest percentage(1.3%).Therefore,its efficient phytoextraction ability and good quality edible oil and meal production makes GP.8585 the most convenient sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of moderately Pb-contaminated soil,with fringe benefits to farmers and landowners.

关键词： Heavy metal Soil contamination Metal removal efficiency(MRE) Germplasm(GP) Phytoextraction Edible oil Fatty acids(FA) Amino acids(AAs)

Morphometry of leaf and shoot variables to assess aboveground biomass structure and carbon sequestration by different varieties of white mulberry(Morus alba L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2291-2300页

作者： Ghulam ali Bajwa Muhammad Umair yasir Nawab Zahid Rizwan Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan National Textile University Faisalabad 37610Pakistan

Mulberry is economically important and can also play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gases.Leaf and shoot traits were measured for Morus alba var.Kanmasi,M.alba var.Karyansuban,M.alba var.Latifolia,and M.alba var.PFI-1 to assess aboveground biomass(AGB)and carbon sequestration.Variety-specific and multivariety allometric AGB models were developed using the equivalent diameter at breast height(EDBH)and plant height(H).The completeharvest method was used to measure leaf and shoot traits and biomass,and the ash method was used to measure organic carbon content.The results showed significant(p<0.01)varietal differences in leaf and shoot traits,AGB and carbon sequestration.PFI-1 variety had the greatest leaf density(mean±SE:1828.3±0.3 leaves tree^(-1)),Karyansuban had the largest mean leaf area(185.94±8.95 cm^(2)).A diminishing return was found between leaf area and leaf density.Latifolia had the highest shoot density per tree(46.6±1.83 shoots tree^(-1)),total shoot length(264.1±2.32 m),dry biomass(16.69±0.58 kg tree^(-1)),carbon sequestration(9.99±0.32 kg tree^(-1))and CO_(2) mitigation(36.67±1.16 kg).The variety-specific AGB models b(EDBH)and b(EDBH)2 showed good fit and reasonable accuracy with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.98-0.99,standard error of estimates(SEE)=0.1125-0.3130 and root mean square error(RMSE)=0.1084-0.3017.The multivariety models bln(EDBH)and(EDBH)0.756 showed good-fitness and accuracy with R^(2)=0.85-0.86,SEE=1.6231-1.6445 and RMSE=1.609-1.630.On the basis of these findings,variety Latifolia has good potential for biomass production,and allometric equations based on EDBH can be used to estimate AGB with a reasonable accuracy.

关键词： Allometry Biomass estimation CO_(2)mitigation Moraceae Mulberry Regression models