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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WEI Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA University of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China Oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Mercator Ocean International Toulouse 31400France Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human *** 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the *** with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of *** density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

Formulation of Leggett–Garg Inequalities in Terms of q-Entropies

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第9期61卷 320-326页

作者： alexey E. Rastegin Department of Theoretical Physics Irkutsk State University Gagarin Bv. 20 Irkutsk 664003 Russia

As is well known, the macroscopic realism and the noninvasive measurability together lead to Leggett–Garg inequalities violated by quantum mechanics. We consider tests of the Leggett–Garg type with use of the *** all q≥1, quantum mechanics predicts violations of an entire family of q-entropic inequalities of the Leggett–Garg type. Violations are exemplified with a quantum spin-s system. In general, entropic Leggett–Garg inequalities give only necessary conditions that some probabilistic model is compatible with the macrorealism in the broader sense. The presented q-entropic inequalities allow to widen a class of situations, in which an incompatibility with the macrorealism can be tested. In the considered example, both the strength and range of violations are somehow improved by varying *** also examine q-entropic inequalities of the Leggett–Garg type in the case of detection inefficiencies, when the no-click event may occur in each observation. With the use of the q-entropic inequalities, the required amount of efficiency may be reduced.

关键词： Bell theorem Leggett–Garg inequalities macrorealism noninvasive measurability conditional q-entropies

Uncertainty relations for quantum coherence with respect to mutually unbiased bases

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Frontiers of physics 2018年第1期13卷 179-185页

作者： alexey E. Rastegin Department of Theoretical Physics Irkutsk State University Russia

The concept of quantum coherence, including various ways to quantify the degree of coherence with respect to the prescribed basis, is currently the subject of active research. The complementarity of quantum coherence in different bases was studied by deriving upper bounds on the sum of the corre- sponding measures. To obtain a two-sided estimate, lower bounds on the coherence quantifiers are also of interest. Such bounds are naturally referred to as uncertainty relations for quantum coherence. We obtain new uncertainty relations for coherence quantifiers averaged with respect to a set of mutually unbiased bases （MUBs）. To quantify the degree of coherence, the relative entropy of coherence and the geometric coherence are used. Further, we also derive novel state-independent uncertainty relations for a set of MUBs in terms of the min-entropy.

关键词： coherence complementarity uncertainty mutually unbiased bases

Nonlinearity of Quantum Mechanics and Solution of the Problem of Wave Function Collapse

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2015年第7期64卷 47-53页

作者： alexey V.Melkikh Ural Federal University

The problem of the wave function collapse(a problem of measurement in quantum mechanics) is *** is shown that it can be solved based on quantum mechanics and does not require any additional assumptions or new theories. The particle creation and annihilation processes, which are described based on quantum field theory, play a key role in the measurement processes. Superposition principle is not valid for the system of equations of quantum field theory for particles and fields, because this system is a non-linear. As a result of the creation(annihilation) of a particle,an additional uncertainty arises, which "smears" the interference pattern. The imposition of such a large number of uncertainties in the repetitive measurements leads to the classical behavior of particles. The decoherence theory also implies the creation and annihilation of particles, and this processes are the consequence of non-linearity of quantum mechanics. In this case, the term "collapse of the wave function" becomes a consequence of the other statements of quantum mechanics instead of a separate postulate of quantum mechanics.

关键词： creation and annihilation of particles decoherence

Generalized Logan’s Problem for Entire Functions of Exponential Type and Optimal Argument in Jackson’s Inequality in L2（R3）

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2018年第10期34卷 1563-1577页

作者： Valerii IVANOV alexey IVANOV Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Tula State University

We study Jackson＇s inequality between the best approximation of a function f∈ L2（R^3） by entire functions of exponential spherical type and its generalized modulus of continuity. We prove Jackson＇s inequality with the exact constant and the optimal argument in the modulus of continuity. In particular, Jackson＇s inequality with the optimal parameters is obtained for classical modulus of continuity of order r and Thue-Morse modulus of continuity of order r∈ N. These results are based on the solution of the generalized Logan problem for entire functions of exponential type. For it we construct a new quadrature formulas for entire functions of exponential type.

关键词： Best approximation generalized modulus of continuity Jackson's inequality optimal argument Logan's problem quadrature formula

Pricing strategies in inelastic energy markets： can we use less if we can＇t extract more？

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第1期8卷 3-17页

作者： alexey Voinov Tatiana Filatova International Institute for Geo-lnformation Science and Earth Observation University of Twente Enschede 7522EA The Netherlands Centre for Studies in Technology and Sustainable Development University of Twente Enschede 7522EA The Netherlands

Limited supply of nonrenewable energy resources under growing energy demand creates a situation when a marginal change in the quantity supplied or demanded causes non-marginal swings in price levels. The situation is worsened by the fact that we are currently running out of cheap energy resources at the global scale while adaptation to climate change requires extra energy costs. It is often argued that technology and alternative energy will be a solution. However, alternative energy infrastructure also requires additional energy investments, which can further increase the gap between energy demand and supply. This paper presents an explorative model that demonstrates that a smooth transition from an oil-based economy to alternative energy sources is possible only if it is started well in advance while fossil resources are still abundant. Later the transition looks much more dramatic and it becomes risky to rely entirely on technological solutions. It becomes increasingly likely that in addition to technological solutions that can increase supply we will need to find ways to decrease demand and consumption. We further argue that market mechanisms can be just as powerful tools to curb demand as they have traditionally been for stimulating consumption. We observe that individuals who consume more energy resources benefit at the expense of those who consume less, effectively imposing price externalities on the latters. We suggest two transparent and flexible methods of pricing that attempt to eliminate price externalities on energy resources. Such pricing schemes stimulate less consumption and can smooth the transition to renewable energy.

关键词： peak oil price externality alternative energy resources EROEI

Degradation of Grover＇s search under collective phase flips in queries to the oracle

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Frontiers of physics 2018年第5期13卷 271-279页

作者： alexey E. Rastegin Department of Theoretical Physics Irkutsk State University Irkutsk Russia

We address the case in which querying the oracle in Grover＇s algorithm is exposed to noise including phase distortions. The oracle-box wires can be altered by an opposing party that tries to prevent reception of correct data from the oracle. This situation reflects an experienced truth that any access to prophetic knowledge cannot be common and direct. To study this problem, we introduce a simple model of collective phase distortions on the basis of a phase-damping channel. In the model, the probability of success is not altered via the oracle-box wires per se. Phase distortions of the considered type can hardly be detected via any one-time query to the oracle. However, the probability of success is significantly changed when such errors are introduced as an intermediate step in the Grover iteration. We investigate the probability of success with respect to variations of the parameter that characterizes the amount of phase errors. It turns out that the probability of success decreases significantly even if the error is not very high. Moreover, this probability quickly reduces to the value of one half, which corresponds to the completely mixed state. We also study trade-off relations between quantum coherence and the probability of success in the presence of noise of the considered type.

关键词： Grover's algorithm phase noise relative entropy of coherence

Uncertainty and Certainty Relations for Pauli Observables in Terms of R′enyi Entropies of Order α ∈(0;1]

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第3期61卷 293-298页

作者： alexey E.Rastegin Department of Theoretical Physics Irkutsk State University

We obtain uncertainty and certainty relations of state-independent form for the three Paufi observables with use of the Renyi entropies of order α∈ （0; 1]. It is shown that these entropic bounds are tight in the sense that they are always reached with certain pure states. A new result is the condition for equality in Renyi-entropy uncertainty relations for the Pauli observables. Upper entropic bounds in the pure-state case are also novel. Combining the presented bounds leads to a band, in which the rescaled average Renyi a-entropy ranges for a pure measured state. A width of this band is compared with the Tsallis formulation derived previously.

关键词： Pauli observables Renyi entropy quantum measurement uncertainty principle

Uncertainty and Certainty Relations for Successive Projective Measurements of a Qubit in Terms of Tsallis' Entropies

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2015年第6期63卷 687-694页

作者： alexey E.Rastegin Department of Theoretical Physics Irkutsk State University

We study uncertainty and certainty relations for two successive measurements of two-dimensional observables. Uncertainties in successive measurement are considered within the following two scenarios. In the first scenario, the second measurement is performed on the quantum state generated affer the first measurement with completely erased information. In the second scenario, the second measurement is performed on the post-first- tioned on the actual measurement outcome. Induced entropies. For two successive projective t state condiquantum uncertainties are characterized by means of the Tsallis t of a qubit, we obtain minimal and maximal values of related entropic measures of induced uncertainties. Some conclusions found in the second scenario are extended to arbitrary finite dimensionality. In particular, a connection with mutual unbiasedness is emphasized.

关键词： successive measurements Tsallis entropy uncertainty principle purity