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Availability of basic life support courses for the general populations in India, Nigeria and the United Kingdom: An internet-based analysis

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第3期11卷 133-139页

作者： alexei Birkun Fatima Trunkwala Adhish Gautam Miriam Okoroanyanwu Adesokan Oyewumi Department of Anaesthesiology Resuscitation and Emergency MedicineMedical Academy named after S.I.Georgievsky of V.I.Vernadsky Crimean Federal University295051Lenin Blvd5/7SimferopolRussian Federation

BACKGROUND:The number of lay people willing to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)in real life is increased by effective education in basic life support(BLS).However,little is known about access of general public to BLS training across the *** study aimed to investigate availability and key features of BLS courses proposed for lay people in India,Nigeria and the United Kingdom(UK).METHODS:A Google search was done in December 2018,using English keywords relevant for community resuscitation *** courses addressing BLS and suitable for any adult layperson were included in the ***-site training courses were limited to those provided within the country's ***:A total of 53,29 and 208 eligible courses were found for India,Nigeria and the UK,*** the UK,the number of courses per 10 million population(31.5)is 79 and 21 times higher than that in India(0.4)and Nigeria(1.5).Course geography is limited to 28%states and one union territory in India,30%states and the Federal Capital Territory in *** the UK,the training is offered in all constituent countries,with the highest prevalence in *** are predominantly classroom-based,highly variable in duration,group size and instructors'*** India and Nigeria,mean cost of participation is exceeding the monthly minimum ***:In contrast to the UK,the availability and accessibility of BLS courses are critically limited in India and Nigeria,necessitating immediate interventions to optimize community CPR training and improve bystander CPR rates.

关键词： Basic life support Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Courses Training India Nigeria United Kingdom

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Machine Learning Approaches for the Solution of the Riemann Problem in Fluid Dynamics:a Case Study

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第3期6卷 1832-1859页

作者： Vitaly Gyrya Mikhail Shashkov alexei Skurikhin Svetlana Tokareva Los Alamos National Laboratory Applied Mathematics and Plasma Physics(T-5)Los AlamosUSA Los Alamos National Laboratory Continuum Models and Numerical Methods(XCP-4)Los AlamosUSA Los Alamos National Laboratory Space Data Science and Systems(ISR-3)Los AlamosUSA

We present our results by using a machine learning(ML)approach for the solution of the Riemann problem for the Euler equations of fluid *** Riemann problem is an initial-value problem with piecewise-constant initial data and it represents a mathematical model of the shock *** solution of the Riemann problem is the building block for many numerical algorithms in computational fluid dynamics,such as finite-volume or discontinuous Galerkin ***,a fast and accurate approximation of the solution of the Riemann problem and construction of the associated numerical fluxes is of crucial *** exact solution of the shock tube problem is fully described by the intermediate pressure and mathematically reduces to finding a solution of a nonlinear *** to delving into the complexities of ML for the Riemann problem,we consider a much simpler formulation,yet very informative,problem of learning roots of quadratic equations based on their *** compare two approaches:(i)Gaussian process(GP)regressions,and(ii)neural network(NN)*** these approaches,NNs prove to be more robust and efficient,although GP can be appreciably more accurate(about 30\%).We then use our experience with the quadratic equation to apply the GP and NN approaches to learn the exact solution of the Riemann problem from the initial data or coefficients of the gas equation of state(EOS).We compare GP and NN approximations in both regression and classification analysis and discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of the ML approach.

关键词： Machine learning(ML) Neural network(NN) Gaussian process(GP) Riemann problem Numerical fluxes Finite-volume method

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Astrocytes dynamically regulate the blood-brain barrier in the healthy brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 709-710页

作者： AgnėPociūtė Augustas Pivoriūnas alexei Verkhratsky Department of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineVilniusLithuania Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina

The blood-brain barrier(BBB)(discovered and defined by Max Lewandowsky and Lina Stern,and not,as it is universally,and yet erroneously believed,by Paul Ehrlich(Verkhratsky and Pivoriunas,2023))that separates the nervous system from the circulation is evolutionarily conserved from arthropods to *** primeval BBB of the invertebrates and some early vertebrates was made solely by glial cells and secured(in invertebrates)by septate junctions.

关键词： Ehrlich barrier blood

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New occurrences of Altingiaceae fossil woods from the Miocene and upper Pleistocene of South China with phytogeographic implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第4期10卷 482-493页

作者： Lu-Liang Huang Jian-Hua Jin Cheng Quan alexei A.Oskolski State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275Guangdong ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyCASNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina School of Earth Science and Resources Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology University of JohannesburgAuckland Park 2006JohannesburgSouth Africa Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Prof.Popov Str.2St.Petersburg 197376Russia Ab

Mummified fossil woods of Liquidambar from the Miocene of the Guiping Basin of Guangxi and the upper Pleistocene sediments of the Maoming Basin of Guangdong,South China are recognized as the new species Liquidambar guipingensis *** the extant species Liquidambar formosana Hance,*** fossil wood of *** shows the greatest structural affinity to the extant species Liquidambar excelsa(Noronha)Oken,which is widespread from SW China and NE India(Assam)through Myanmar and Malaysia to *** finding of *** may be considered as evidence for the early diversification of this lineage that occurred at least partly outside the modern range of this extant *** fossil wood of *** from the Maoming Basin represents the only Pleistocene megafossil of Altingiaceae known to date,and provides confirmation for its presence in the interglacial vegetation of South China prior the Last Glacial Maximum.

关键词： Altingiaceae Fossil wood Miocene Late Pleistocene South China

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Hepatitis C virus: Morphogenesis, infection and therapy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第2期10卷 186-212页

作者： Vladimir alexei Morozov Sylvie Lagaye Center for HIV and Retrovirology Department of Infectious Diseases Robert Koch Institute Department of Immunology Institut PasteurINSERM

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a major cause of liver diseases including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 3% of the world population is infected with HCV. Thus, HCV infection is considered a public healthy challenge. It is worth mentioning, that the HCV prevalence is dependent on the countries with infection rates around 20% in high endemic countries. The review summarizes recent data on HCV molecular biology, the physiopathology of infection(immune-mediated liver damage, liver fibrosis and lipid metabolism), virus diagnostic and treatment. In addition, currently available in vitro, ex vivo and animal models to study the virus life cycle, virus pathogenesis and therapy are described. Understanding of both host and viral factors may in the future lead to creation of new approaches in generation of an efficient therapeutic vaccine.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Transmission Molecular biology Pathogenesis In vitro and ex vivo models of hepatitis C virus infection Treatment

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Variation of Small Scale Magnetic Fields Over a Century using Ca-K Images as Proxy

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第4期23卷 172-183页

作者： Jagdev Singh Muthu Priyal B.Ravindra Luca Bertello alexei Pevtsov Indian Institute of Astrophysics II BlockKoramangalaBengaluru–560034India National Solar Observatory 3365 Discovery DriveThird FloorBoulderCO 80303USA

A combined uniform and long-time series of Ca-K images from the Kodaikanal Observatory,Mount Wilson Observatory and Mauna Loa Solar Observatory was used to identify and study the Ca-K small-scale features and their solar cycle variations over a *** small scale features are classified into three distinct categories:enhanced network,active network and quiet *** these features show that their areas vary according to the11 yr solar *** relative amplitude of the Ca-K network variations agrees with that of the sunspot *** total area of these small-scale features varies from about 5%during the minimum phase of the solar cycle to about20%during its maximum phase.

关键词： Sun activity-Sun chromosphere-(Sun:)sunspots

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High frequency of latent Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第6期9卷 863-868页

作者： Ernest V.Bolko alexei L.Pozniak Dmitrii S.Maltsev alexei A.Suetov Irina V.Nuralova St.Petersburg Branch of the Academician S.Fyodorov IRTC "Eye Microsurgery"St.Petersburg 192283Russia Department of Ophthalmology Military Medical AcademySt.Petersburg 194044Russia

AIM： To determine the frequency of detection of ocular and extraocular Chlamydia trachomatis （CT） infection in non -high myopes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment （RRD）. METHODS： This was a single-center, nonrandomized, prospective, case-control study. One hundred and four patients were divided into a study group with RRD （n= 63） and a control group with traumatic retinal detachment （n=41）. Samples of subretinal fluid （SFR）, conjunctival, urethral/cervical swabs, and blood were collected. The frequency of detection of CT infection in SRF samples was determined by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, direct fluorescence assay （DFA） and cell culture, whereas that in conjunctival swabs was determined by PCR and DFA, and those in urethral/cervical swabs and blood were determined by DFA. Yates Chi-square test （with Bonferroni correction） and two-tailed Student＇s t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS： SRF CT infection was detected more frequently in the study group （50.8%-71.4%） than in the control group （9.8%-12.2%） by all the methods used （P〈 0.01）. The frequency of detection of conjunctival CT infection by DFA was higher in the RRD patients compared with the controls （81.0% vs 24.4%, P=0.004）. The PCR detected conjunctival CT infection more often in the study group than in the controls （46.0% vs89.8%, P= 0.007）. The DFA detected CT in blood specimens almost as frequently as in urogenital specimens, for the RRD patients （61.2% vs 63.5%） and the controls （7.3% vs 9.8%）. CONCLUSION： CT infection is detected with high frequency in non-high myopes with RRD.

关键词： rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Chlamydia trachomatis myopia latent infection

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A 3D morphometric perspective for facial gender analysis and classification using geodesic path curvature features

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Computational Visual Media 2018年第1期4卷 17-32页

作者： Hawraa Abbas Yulia Hicks David Marshall alexei I.Zhurov StephenRichmond School of Engineering Kerbala UniversityKarbolaaIraq. School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK. School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK. School of Dentistry Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK.

The relationship between the shape and gender of a face, with particular application to automatic gender classification, has been the subject of significant research in recent years. Determining the gender of a face, especially when dealing with unseen examples, presents a major challenge. This is especially true for certain age groups, such as teenagers, due to their rapid development at this phase of life. This study proposes a new set of facial morphological descriptors,based on 3D geodesic path curvatures, and uses them for gender analysis. Their goal is to discern key facial areas related to gender, specifically suited to the task of gender classification. These new curvature-based features are extracted along the geodesic path between two biological landmarks located in key facial *** performance based on the new features is compared with that achieved using the Euclidean and geodesic distance measures traditionally used in gender analysis and classification. Five different experiments were conducted on a large teenage face database(4745 faces from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) to investigate and justify the use of the proposed curvature features. Our experiments show that the combination of the new features with geodesic distances provides a classification accuracy of 89%. They also show that nose-related traits provide the most discriminative facial feature for gender classification, with the most discriminative features lying along the 3D face profile curve.

关键词： ALSPAC dataset gender classification curvature features geodesic curve

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Glacial expansion of cold-tolerant species in low latitudes: megafossil evidence and species distribution modelling

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National Science Review 2023年第4期10卷 13-15页

作者： Luliang Huang Shufeng Li Weiye Huang Helanlin Xiang Jianhua Jin alexei A.Oskolski State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology Sun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology University of Johannesburg Botanical Museum Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The Pleistocene was a time of repeated glaciations that severely affected the land biota over large areas of Eurasia and North America. Drastic climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene drove largescale extinctions, migrations and diversification in plant and animal *** dramatic processes had a strong impact on the distribution of modern flora and fauna.

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Glial calcium signaling in physiology and pathophysiology

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第7期27卷 773-780页

作者： alexei VERKHRATSKY Faculty of Life Sciences the University of Manchester UK

Neuronal-glial circuits underlie integrative processes in the nervous ***-tion of glial syncytium is,to a very large extent,regulated by the intracellularcalcium signaling *** calcium signals are triggered by activation ofmultiple receptors,expressed in glial membrane,which regulate both Ca2+entryand Ca2+release from the endoplasmic *** endoplasmic reticulum alsoendows glial cells with intracellular excitable media,which is able to produce andmaintain long-ranging signaling in a form of propagating Ca2+*** patho-logical conditions,calcium signals regulate glial response to injury,which mighthave both protective and detrimental effects on the nervous tissue.

关键词： calcium signaling neuronal-glial interactions brain ischemia Alzheimer’s disease epilepsy spreading depression

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