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Curbing the burden of lung cancer

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Frontiers of Medicine 2016年第2期10卷 228-232页

作者： alexandra Urman H. Dean Hosgood Department of Oncology Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY 10461 USA Department of Epidemiology and Population Health AlbertEinstein College of Medicine Bronx NY 10461 USA

Lung cancer contributes substantially to the global burden of disease and healthcare costs. New screening modalities using low-dose computerized tomography are promising tools for early detection leading to curative surgery. However, the screening and follow-up diagnostic procedures of these techniques may be costly. Focusing on prevention is an important factor to reduce the burden of screening, treatment, and lung cancer deaths. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has identified several lung carcinogens, which we believe can be considered actionable when developing prevention strategies. To curb the societal burden of lung cancer, healthcare resources need to be focused on early detection and screening and on mitigating exposure（s） of a person to known lung carcinogens, such as active tobacco smoking, household air pollution （HAP）, and outdoor air pollution. Evidence has also suggested that these known lung carcinogens may be associated with genetic predispositions, supporting the hypothesis that lung cancers attributed to differing exposures may have developed from unique underlying genetic mechanisms attributed to the exposure of interest. For instance, smoking- attributed lung cancer involves novel genetic markers of risk compared with HAP-attributed lung cancer. Therefore, genetic risk markers may be used in risk stratification to identify subpopulations that are at a higher risk for developing lung cancer attributed to a given exposure. Such targeted prevention strategies suggest that precision prevention strategies may be possible in the future; however, much work is needed to determine whether these strategies will be viable.

关键词： lung cancer screening risk factors environmental

The Legacy of Alois Riegl: Material Authenticity of the Monument in the Digital Age

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Built Heritage 2017年第2期1卷 29-40页

作者： alexandra Harrer School of Architecture Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

The Austrian art historian Alois Riegl(1858-1905)revolutionised the European concept of the monument and paved the way towards the codification of the historicity of artefacts at the international ***,conservation work and relevant terminology still build upon the principles first outlined in his work Der moderne Denkmalkultus(1903)more than a hundred years *** yet,modern information/communication technologies have long challenged the idea of‘age value’(Alterswert),of a monument possessing value simply because it shows‘signs of age’(Altersspuren),through their ability to digitally recreate historical architecture in its original form and thereby to transcend the boundaries of time and *** paper discusses the challenges and opportunities for monument preservation in the 21st century in the light of Riegl’s thoughts on how to perceive(‘visualise’)the *** investigates the validity of Riegl’s theories in the context of today’s virtual reality/ies at a theoretical level,and their potential for advancement in preservation theory,expanding on historical thoughts rooted in 18th and 19th century preservation *** analysing Riegl’s commemorative values,stratigraphic picturing of history’s material debris,and fear of formlessness,this paper explores digitisation as the driving force for change in attitude from traditional,restrictive thinking to a modern way of thinking which is receptive to new technological developments,including,for example,exploring augmented and virtual realities as a means of achieving the sensory aesthetic experience required by age value.

关键词： Alois Riegl Austrian(Habsburg)Empire modern conservation theory material authenticity age value(Alterswert) digital environment virtual reality/ies aesthetic experience stratigraphic picturing conjectural recovery

The PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway in ovarian cancer: therapeutic opportunities and challenges

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2015年第1期34卷 4-16页

作者： Bianca Cheaib Aurélie Auguste alexandra Leary Gynecological Unit Department of MedicineGustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Centre Gynecological Tumor Team Translational Research Laboratory U981 Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Centre

The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K) pathway is frequently altered in cancer, including ovarian cancer(OC). Unfortunately, despite a sound biological rationale and encouraging activity in preclinical models, trials of first-generation inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) in OC have demonstrated negative results. The lack of patient selection as well as resistance to selective m TOR complex-1(m TORC1) inhibitors could explain the disappointing results thus far. Nonetheless, a number of novel agents are being investigated, including dual m TORC1/m TORC2, Akt, and PI3 K inhibitors. Although it is likely that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway may have little effect in unselected OC patients, certain histological types, such as clear cell or endometrioid OC with frequent phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha(PIK3CA) and/or phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN) alterations, may be particularly suited to this approach. Given the complexity and redundancy of the PI3 K signaling network, PI3 K pathway inhibition may be most useful in combination with either chemotherapy or other targeted therapies, such as MEK inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and hormonal therapy, in appropriately selected OC patients. Here, we discuss the relevance of the PI3 K pathway in OC and provide an up-to-date review of clinical trials of novel PI3 K inhibitors alone or in combination with cytotoxics and novel therapies in OC. In addition, the challenges of drug resistance and predictive biomarkers are addressed.

关键词： mTOR 信号通路卵巢癌磷脂酰肌醇3激酶 AKT 激素疗法治疗临床试验

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预测翻车华尔街错在哪儿了?

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第1期 20-21页

作者： alexandra Semenova Sagarika Jaisinghani Liz Capo McCormick Selcuk Gokoluk Ye Xie Sujata Rao-Coverley Matt Turner 孟洁冰(译) 不详

回顾2022年底,不管是股票部门还是债券部门,无论是大公司还是小机构,整个华尔街的气氛都很低落。当时似乎大家都在未雨绸缪,认为经济衰退即将到来。在摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley),看跌美股的策略师迈克·威尔逊(Mike Wilson)迅速成为市... 详细信息

回顾2022年底,不管是股票部门还是债券部门,无论是大公司还是小机构,整个华尔街的气氛都很低落。当时似乎大家都在未雨绸缪,认为经济衰退即将到来。在摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley),看跌美股的策略师迈克·威尔逊(Mike Wilson)迅速成为市场宠儿,他预测标准普尔500指数即将大跌。

关键词：摩根士丹利经济衰退标准普尔500指数美股华尔街债券股票未雨绸缪

The computerized LASSI-BC Test versus the Standard LASSI-L Paper-and-Pencil Version in Community-Based-Samples

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2024年第1期13卷 11-25页

作者： Rosie E. Curiel Cid alexandra Ortega Ubbo Visser Marcela Kitaigorodsky D. Diane Zheng Diana Hincapie Kirsten Horne Crenshaw Ashleigh Beaulieu Brooke Bosworth Liz Gallardo Emory Neer Sofia Ramirez Elizabeth A. Crocco Mike Georgiou Efrosyni Sfakianaki David A. Loewenstein Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA Department of Computer Sciences University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA

Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI (frPSI), are novel constructs assessed by the LASSI-L. These measures are sensitive to cognitive changes in early Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and preclinical AD determined by Aβ load using PET. The goal of this study was to compare a new computerized version of the LASSI-L (LASSI-Brief Computerized) to the standard paper-and-pencil version of the test. In this study, we examined 110 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and 79 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were administered the paper-and-pencil form of the LASSI-L. Their performance was compared with 62 CU older adults and 52 aMCI participants examined using the LASSI-BC. After adjustment for covariates (degree of initial learning, sex, education, and language of evaluation) both the standard and computerized versions distinguished between aMCI and CU participants. The performance of CU and aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Importantly, an optimal combination of Cued B2 recall and Cued B1 intrusions on the LASSI-BC yielded an area under the ROC curve of .927, a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.1%, relative to an area under the ROC curve of .815, a sensitivity of 72.5%, and a specificity of 79.1% obtained for the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Overall, the LASSI-BC was comparable, and in some ways, superior to the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Advantages of the LASSI-BC include a more standardized administration, suitability for remote assessment, and an automated scoring mechanism that can be verified by a built-in audio recording of responses.

关键词： Mild Cognitive Impairment Proactive Semantic Interference LASSI-L Computerized Cognitive Assessment

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陶土容器设计,让食物保鲜的古老智慧

工业设计 2024年第2期 23-23页

作者： alexandra Fransson 不详

近年来,越来越多的人在家里种植微型蔬菜和农产品,自己动手生产更加绿色环保的食物,但如何保存食物成为新的难题。这款陶土容器的设计秉承了以自然方式存储新鲜农产品的悠久传统,同时又与现代生活方式保持一致。它使用蒸发冷却来创建类... 详细信息

近年来,越来越多的人在家里种植微型蔬菜和农产品,自己动手生产更加绿色环保的食物,但如何保存食物成为新的难题。这款陶土容器的设计秉承了以自然方式存储新鲜农产品的悠久传统,同时又与现代生活方式保持一致。它使用蒸发冷却来创建类似于根窖的环境,无需任何电力即可让水果和蔬菜保持长时间的脆嫩和新鲜。

关键词：现代生活方式容器设计蒸发冷却新鲜农产品水果和蔬菜陶土绿色环保食物

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DNA plasticity and damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 173-180页

作者： Diane Penndorf Otto W.Witte alexandra Kretz Hans Berger Department of Neurology University Hospital Jena

The pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） is particularly challenging due to the heteroge- neity of its clinical presentation and the diversity of cellular, molecular and genetic peculiarities involved. Molecular insights unveiled several novel genetic factors to be inherent in both familial and sporadic dis- ease entities, whose characterizations in terms of phenotype prediction, pathophysiological impact and putative prognostic value are a topic of current researches. However, apart from genetically well-defined high-confidence and other susceptibility loci, the role of DNA damage and repair strategies of the genome as a whole, either elicited as a direct consequence of the underlying genetic mutation or seen as an autono- mous parameter, in the initiation and progression of ALS, and the different cues involved in either process are still incompletely understood. This mini review summarizes current knowledge on DNA alterations and counteracting DNA repair strategies in ALS pathology and discusses the putative role of unconventional DNA entities including transposable elements and extrachromosomal circular DNA in the disease process. Focus is set on SODl-related pathophysiology, with extension to FUS, TDP-43 and C90RF72 mutations. Advancing our knowledge in the field will contribute to an improved understanding of this relentless dis- ease, for which therapeutic options others than symptomatic approaches are almost unavailable.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis DNA damage and repair extrachromosomal circular DNA microDNA nuclear pore complex SOD1 mutations TDP-43 pathology transposable elements

Plasticity of callosal neurons in the contralesional cortex following traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1257-1258页

作者： alexandra Chovsepian Laura Empl Florence M.Bareyre Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology Biomedical Building and Clinic of the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität MünchenMunichGermany

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) represents a significant cause of disability *** creates a vast array of damaging macro-and microscopic changes in the affected brain area(s),ranging from neuronal cell death,changes in structural spine integrity and dynamics to axonal injury and ove rall neuronal circuit disruption,ultimately leading to functional and cognitive deficits in both humans and animal models(N udo,2013).

关键词： injury traumatic cortex

Optical neuroimaging of executive function impairments in food addiction

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2022年第1期15卷 141-155页

作者： Tania alexandra Couto Meng-Yun Wang Zhen Yuan Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences University of Macao TaipaMacao SARP.R.China Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacaoTaipaMacao SARP.R.China

This study investigated the neural mechanisms located in the prefrontal cortex(PFC)involved in maintaining addictive-like eating ***,we aimed toll a gap in the existing literature and help clarify the food addiction(FA)cycle by inspecting the relationship between the executive control and psychopathology involved in the FA ***-three students recruited from the University of Macao participated in this *** investigated a hemodynamic response captured by NIRS recordings,activated during n-back,set-shifting,and go/nogo ***,we investigated the FA symptoms through the YFAS clinical inventory to better understand the relationship between hemodynamic response and clinical symptomatology in college ***,the hemodynamicndings conrm that altered cognitive control in executive function performance appears to be linked to addictive-like eating behaviors,which in turn conrms a circuit similarity between FA and the substance abuse population(SUD)as reported in previous fMRI ***,the psychologicalndings conrm the signicant association between the working memory decits and symptoms severity which suggest the role of self-control and regulation in limiting the storage resources as a potential trigger to develop overconsumption episodes in the FA *** highlight how disrupted self-control and regulation of craving and negative a®ect induced by mental imagery might shape and overload the working memory storage as a potential trigger to develop binge eating episodes to maintain the FA *** conclusion,the use of fNIRS in the context of eating disorders studies represents a valuable application,noninvasive,and patientfriendly tool,providing new insights into understanding the addiction cycle and treatment guidelines.

关键词： Food addiction executive functions working memory self-control optical neuroimaging.