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On Evidence-Based Practice in Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2021年第6期12卷 919-927页

作者： David E.alexander Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College LondonLondon WCIE 6BTUK

Disaster science and scholarship are forever expanding and there are increasing calls to base disaster risk reduction policies on the evidence produced by such *** examples and argument,this opinion piece examines the nature of *** defines evidence-based practice and considers how it has developed and become important to disaster risk reduction.A definition of what constitutes evidence is difficult to achieve but it must be made in relation to whether the data and information collected can usefully be interpreted and employed to change things for the *** histories from past and present centuries show that evidence can sometimes be argued over *** other cases it is roundly *** yet other instances,false conclusions derived from evidence can become evidence in their own ***,there are situations in disaster risk reduction in which evidence is sorely needed but is clearly *** effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures is one such *** conclusion,evidence is valuable,above all if there is willingness to use it to support policy formulation,especially in a simple,transparent *** interpretation can never be entirely removed from the use of evidence,and evidence alone will not stimulate the policy formulators to improve their decision making.

关键词： Case histories Disaster risk reduction Evidence-based practice Policy formulation

On the Meaning of Impact in Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2022年第5期13卷 822-827页

作者： David E.alexander Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK

This article offers a discussion of the meaning,assessment,and measurement of impact in disaster risk *** begins with a historical perspective on the impact of learned work in times when orthodoxy posed severe limits on the impact of new *** the modern age,the article explains why impact is considered important and how it might be recognized when it occurs,including a tentative classification of types of *** question of whether impact can truly be measured remains pending,as the answer is diffuse and dependent on many different *** sections consider the relationship between impact and mainstreaming and the question of whether a piece of work should be regarded as having impact if its effects are negative rather than ***,impact is considered in terms of whom it *** the large number of possible reservations about the concept,the question is raised as to whether too much emphasis is given to the impact of research and ***,some suggestions are offered regarding how to obtain a better indication of what the impact of an academic study actually is.

关键词： Assessing impact Disaster risk reduction Disruptive thinking Impact of research Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction Measuring impact

Modeling electronic and optical properties of Ⅲ–Ⅴ quantum dots-selected recent developments

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第1期11卷 13-26页

作者： alexander Mittelstädt Andrei schliwa Petr Klenovský Institute for solid state Physics Technical University of BerlinHardenbergstrasse 36D-10623 BerlinGermany Department of Condensed Matter Physics Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityKotlářská267/261137 BrnoCzech Republic Czech Metrology Institute Okružní3163800 BrnoCzech Republic

Electronic properties of selected quantum dot(QD)systems are surveyed based on the multi-band k·p method,which we benchmark by direct comparison to the empirical tight-binding algorithm,and we also discuss the newly developed"linear combination of quantum dot orbitals"***,we focus on two major complexes:First,the role of antimony incorporation in InGaAs/GaAs submonolayer QDs and In1−xGax Asysb1−y/GaP QDs,and second,the theory of QD-based quantum cascade lasers and the related prospect of room temperature lasing.

关键词： quantum optical lasing

Unraveling giant Cu（110） surface restructuring induced by a non-planar phthalocyanine

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2605-2611页

作者： Nataliya Kalashnyk Luke A. Rochford Dongzhe Li alexander smogunov Yannick J. Dappe Tim s. Jones Laurent Guillemot Institut des sciences Moleculaires d'Orsay CNRS Universite Paris-Sud 11 Orsay 91405 France school of Chemistry The University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK Department of Physics University ofKonstanz Konstanz 78457 Germany sPEC CEA CNRS Universite Paris-Saclay CEA Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191 France

The surface stability of coinage metals is paramount when they are used as electrode materials for functional electronic devices incorporating organic semiconductors. In this work, it is shown that the adsorption of non-planar vanadyl phthalocyanine molecules on Cu（110） drastically restructured the metal surface at room temperature, which was further enhanced upon moderate annealing. scanning tunneling microscopy imaging demonstrated that the surface was restructured at step edges into sawtooth features that gradually replaced the （110） terraces. The edges of the modified steps were preferentially composed of chiral （1×6） kink sites decorated with vanadyl phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed in a tilted configuration with the oxygen atom pointing downwards. These results can have a strong impact on the optimization of the performance of organic devices integrated with phthalocyanine molecules.

关键词： surface restructuring step-etching chiral kink phthalocyanine

Direct characterization of a nonlinear photonic circuit’s wave function with laser light

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Light(science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 1082-1086页

作者： Francesco Lenzini alexander N Poddubny James Titchener Paul Fisher Andreas Boes sachin Kasture Ben Haylock Matteo Villa Arnan Mitchell alexander s solntsev Andrey A sukhorukov Mirko Lobino Centre for Quantum Dynamics Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Nonlinear Physics Centre Research School of Physics and EngineeringAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia ITMO University Saint Petersburg 197101Russia Ioffe Institute Saint Petersburg 194021Russia school of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia school of Mathematical and Physical sciences University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4111Australia

Integrated photonics is a leading platform for quantum technologies including nonclassical state generation1–4,demonstration of quantum computational complexity5 and secure quantum *** photonic circuits grow in complexity,full quantum tomography becomes impractical,and therefore an efficient method for their characterization7,8 is *** we propose and demonstrate a fast,reliable method for reconstructing the two-photon state produced by an arbitrary quadratically nonlinear optical *** establishing a rigorous correspondence between the generated quantum state and classical sum-frequency generation measurements from laser light,we overcome the limitations of previous approaches for lossy multimode devices9,*** applied this protocol to a multi-channel nonlinear waveguide network and measured a 99.28±0.31%fidelity between classical and quantum *** technique enables fast and precise evaluation of nonlinear quantum photonic networks,a crucial step towards complex,largescale,device production.

关键词： quantum nonlinear characterization

Use of a handheld slit beam intraoperatively to assist in big bubble formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty

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Annals of Eye science 2018年第1期3卷 369-374页

作者： alexander s.Davis Peter Bedard Joshua H.Hou Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Dean McGee Eye Institute Oklahoma CityOKUSA Lions Gift of sight Eye Bank St.PaulMNUSA

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)is preferred over conventional penetrating keratoplasty(PKP)for the treatment of anterior corneal opacities or ectasias due to decreased risk of endothelial ***,DALK remains surgically challenging,largely due to challenges associated with achieving consistent pneumo-dissection of posterior stroma from the underlying pre-Descemet’s or Descemet’s membrane(DM).Air must be injected at sufficient depth in the corneal stroma in order to achieve successful pneumo-dissection,but advancing a needle too deep into the cornea can lead to perforation of *** describe here a novel technique using a handheld slit lamp(Eidolon model 510L,Eidolon Optical LLC,Natick,MA,UsA)to assist in creation of the big-bubble in DALK *** of a handheld slit beam intraoperatively is a safe,relatively inexpensive,and effective technique for increasing the success of big-bubble formation in DALK procedures.

关键词： Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK) big bubble technique slit beam

The Mg-carbonate-Fe interaction:Implication for the fate of subducted carbonates and formation of diamond in the lower mantle

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1449-1458页

作者： Naira s.Martirosyan Konstantin D. Litasov sergey s. Lobanov alexander F. Goncharov Anton shatskiy Hiroaki Ohfuji Vitali Prakapenka sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Russian Academy of ScienceKoptyuga ave.3Novosibirsk630090Russia Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution for ScienceWashingtonDC20015USA Novosibirsk state University Pirogova st.2Novosibirsk630090Russia Geodynamic Research Center Ehime UniversityMatsuyamaEhime790-8577Japan Center for Advanced Radiation sources University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA

The fate of subducted carbonates in the lower mantle and at the core-mantle boundary was modelled via experiments in the MgCO3-Fe^0 system at 70-150 GPa and 800-2600 Kin a laser-heated diamond anvil *** in situ synchrotro n X-ray diffraction and ex situ transmission electron microscopy we show that the reduction of Mg-carbonate can be exemplified by:6 MgCO3+19 Fe=8 FeO+10(Mg0.6Fe^0.4)O+Fe7 C3+3 *** presented results suggest that the interaction of carbonates with Fe^0 or Fe^0-bearing rocks can produce Fe-carbide and diamond,which can accumulate in the D"region,depending on its carbon to Fe *** to the sluggish kinetics of the transformation,diamond can remain metastable at the core-mantle boundary(CMB)unless it is in a direct contact with *** addition,it can be remobilized by redox melting accompanying the generation of mantle plumes.

关键词： Deep carbon cycle Carbonate Carbide High pressure Redox reaction

Multidimensional synthetic chiral-tube lattices via nonlinear frequency conversion

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Light(science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 803-812页

作者： Kai Wang Bryn A.Bell alexander s.solntsev Dragomir N.Neshev Benjamin J.Eggleton Andrey A.sukhorukov Nonlinear Physics Centre Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia Institute of Photonics and Optical science(IPOs) School of PhysicsUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Department of Physics QOLSImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK school of Mathematical and Physical sciences University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia Ginzton Laboratory Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Geometrical dimensionality plays a fundamentally important role in the topological effects arising in discrete *** direct experiments are limited by three spatial dimensions,the research topic of synthetic dimensions implemented by the frequency degree of freedom in photonics is rapidly *** manipulation of light in these artificial lattices is typically realized through electro-optic modulation;yet,their operating bandwidth imposes practical constraints on the range of interactions between different frequency *** we propose and experimentally realize all-optical synthetic dimensions involving specially tailored simultaneous short-and long-range interactions between discrete spectral lines mediated by frequency conversion in a nonlinear *** realize triangular chiral-tube lattices in three-dimensional space and explore their four-dimensional *** implement a synthetic gauge field with nonzero magnetic flux and observe the associated multidimensional dynamics of frequency combs,all within one physical spatial *** anticipate that our method will provide a new means for the fundamental study of high-dimensional physics and act as an important step towards using topological effects in optical devices operating in the time and frequency domains.

关键词： dimensions chiral nonlinear

Peculiarities of Ethylene Polymerization Reactions with Bis(imino)pyridyl Complexes of CoCl_(2) and FeCl_(2)

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2024年第4期42卷 492-500页

作者： Laura A.Rishina Yury V.Kissin svetlana s.Lalayan Artem A.Antonov Vadim G.Krasheninnikov alexander A.Gulin N.N.semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences4 Kosygin St.Moscow119991Russia Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier Rd.PiscatawayNJ08854USA Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Russian Academy of Sciences5 Lavrentieva Prosp.Novosibirsk630090Russia

The article describes ethylene polymerization reactions with transition metal catalysts based on complexes of CoCl_(2) and FeCl_(2) with an N,N,N-tridentate ligand 2,6-bis[1-(2,6-dimethylphenylimino)ethyl]pyridine. The complexes are converted into polymerization catalysts by reacting them either with polymethylalumoxane (MAO) or with a combination of Al(C2H5)2Cl and Mg(C4H9)2 at an [Al]:[Mg] ratio of ~3. Both MAO-activated complexes readily polymerize ethylene at 35 ℃ with the formation of linear, low molecular weight polymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution. The same complexes, when activated with the Al(C2H5)2Cl-Mg(C4H9)2 combination, form multi-center catalysts and generate polyethylenes with a broad molecular weight distribution.

关键词： Ethylene polymerization Bis(imino)pyridyl complexes of CoCl_(2)and FeCl_(2) Molecular-weight distribution Polymer chain structure