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Clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in deep capillary plexus in patients with diabetes

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Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 64-74页

作者： Fang Yao Tang Erica O.Chan Zihan Sun Raymond Wong Jerry Lok Simon Szeto Jason C.Chan alexander lam Clement C.Tham Danny S.Ng Carol Y.Cheung Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionKowloonChina Hong Kong Eye Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionKowloonChina CUHK Eye Centre Hong Kong Eye Hospital147K Argyle StreetKlnKowloonHong KongChina

Background:To test clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative artifact-free deep capillary plexus(DCP)metrics in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:563 eligible eyes(221 with no diabetic retinopathy[DR],135 with mild DR,130 with moderate DR,and 77 with severe DR)from 334 subjects underwent optical coherence tomography-angiography(OCT-A)with a swept-source OCT(Triton DRI-OCT,Topcon,Inc.,Tokyo,Japan).Strict criteria were applied to exclude from analysis those DCP images with artifacts and of poor quality,including projection artifacts,motion artifacts,blurriness,signal loss,B-scan segmentation error,or low-quality score.A customized MATLAB program was then used to quantify DCP morphology from the artifact-free DCP images by calculating three metrics:foveal avascular zone(FAZ),vessel density(VD),and fractal dimension(FD).Results:166(29.5%)eyes were excluded after quality control,leaving in the analysis 397 eyes(170 with no DR,101 with mild DR,90 with moderate DR,36 with severe DR)from 250 *** the multiple regression models,larger FAZ area was associated with more severe DR(β=0.687;p=0.037),shorter axial length(AL)(β=−0.171;p=0.003),thinner subfoveal choroid thickness(β=−0.122;p=0.031),and lower body mass index(BMI)(β=−0.090;p=0.047).Lower VD was associated with more severe DR(β=−0.842;p=0.001),shorter AL(β=0.107;p=0.039),and poorer visual acuity(VA)(β=−0.133;p=0.021).Lower FD was associated with more severe DR(β=−0.891;p<0.001)and with older age(β=−0.142;p=0.004).Conclusions:Quantitative artifact-free DCP metrics are associated with VA,DR severity,AL,subfoveal choroidal thickness,age,and BMI in diabetic *** effects of ocular and systemic factors should be considered for meaningful interpretations of DCP changes in DM patients.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography Diabetic retinopathy Deep capillary plexus Visual acuity

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Childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis:a disease with many faces

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第6期15卷 536-545页

作者： alexander K.C.Leung Joseph M.lam Kin Fon Leong Department of Pediatrics The University of Calgaryand The Alberta Children's Hospital#20023316th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Department of Pediatrics University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Pediatric Institute Kuala Lumpur General HospitalKuala LumpurMalaysia

Background Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is a group of diseases characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of Langerhans *** presentations of LCH vary *** sources A PubMed search was conducted using Clinical Queries with the key term "Langerhans cell histiocytosis".The search strategy included meta-analyses,randomized controlled trials,clinical trials,observational studies,and *** paper is based on,but not limited to,the search *** Generally,patients with LCH can be divided into two groups based on the extent of involvement at diagnosis,namely,single-system LCH and multisystem *** involvement may be unifocal or *** with isolated bone lesions typically present between 5 and 15 years of age,whereas those with multisystem LCH tend to present before 5 years of *** clinical spectrum is broad,ranging from an asymptomatic isolated skin or bone lesion to a life-threatening multisystem *** manifestations include,among others,"punched out" lytic bone lesion,seborrheic dermatitis-like erup-tion,erythematous/reddish-brown crusted/scaly papules/maculopapules/plaques/patches,and eczematous lesions,diabetes insipidus,hepatosplenomegaly,cytopenias,lymphadenopathy,and an acute fulminant disseminated multisystem condition presenting with fever,skin rash,anemia,thrombocytopenia,lymphadenopathy,and *** diagnosis is clinicopathologic,based on typical clinical findings and histologic/immunohistochemical examination of a biopsy of lesional *** CD1a,S100,and/or CD207(Langerin)immunohistochemical staining of lesional cells is required for a definitive *** waiting is recommended for patients with skin-only *** with symptomatic or refractory skin-only LCH may be treated with topical tacrolimus/corticosteroids,topical nitrogen mustard,oral methotrexate,or oral *** current recommended first-line therapy for patients with multisystem LCH i

关键词： Cytopenia Diabetes insipidus Eczematous lesions Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption

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Erythema nodosum

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第6期14卷 548-554页

作者： alexander K.C.Leung Kin Fon Leong Joseph M.lam Department of Pediatrics The Alberta Children's HospitalThe University of Calgary#200233-16th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Pediatric Institute Kuala Lumpur General HospitalKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Pediatrics and Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Background Erythema nodosum can be associated with a number of systemic diseases. There is, however, a paucity of information in the pediatric literature on this condition. The purpose of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema nodosum. Data sources A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key terms 'erythema nodosum'. Results Clinically, erythema nodosum presents with a sudden onset of painful, erythematous, subcutaneous nodules mainly localized to the pretibial areas. Lesions are usually bilateral and symmetrical, ranging from 1 to 5 cm in diameter. Erythema nodosum may be associated with a variety of conditions such as infection, medications, sarcoidosis, pregnancy, inflamma-tory bowel disease, vaccination, autoimmune disease, malignancy, and miscellaneous causes. The condition is idiopathic in approximately 50% of cases. The diagnosis is mainly clinical with biopsy reserved for atypical cases. To evaluate for the underlying cause, some basic laboratory screening studies are worthwhile in most cases and include a complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and/or C-reactive protein, throat swab culture, antistreptococcal O titers, and a chest radiograph. Other tests should be individualized, guided by the history and physical examination results. Most cases of ery-thema nodosum are self-limited and require no treatment. Bed rest and leg elevation are generally recommended to reduce the discomfort. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first-line treatment for pain management. Conclusions As erythema nodosum is often a cutaneous manifestation of a systemic disease, a thorough search should be performed to reveal the underlying cause.

关键词： Drug-induced Group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection Sarcoidosis Subcutaneous pretibial nodules Tuberculosis Yersinia infection

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Gianotti-Crosti syndrome(papular acrodermatitis of childhood)in the era of a viral recrudescence and vaccine opposition

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第6期15卷 521-527页

作者： alexander K.C.Leung Consolato Maria Sergi Joseph M.lam Kin Fon Leong Department of Pediatrics The University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada The Alberta Children's Hospital #200233-16th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M OH5Canada The University of Alberta EdmontonABCanada Departments of Pediatrics Dermatology and Skin SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Pediatric Institute Kuala Lumpur General HospitalKuala LumpurMalaysia

Background Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is characterized by an acute onset of a papular or papulovesicular eruption with a symmetrical *** sources A PubMed search was conducted using Clinical Queries with the key terms"Gianotti-Crosti syndrome"OR"papular acrodermatitis".The search strategy included meta-analyses,randomized controlled trials,clinical trials,observa-tional studies,and *** paper is based on,but not limited to,the search *** The eruption of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is found predominantly on the cheeks,extensor surfaces of the extremities,and *** is a sparing of antecubital and popliteal fossae as well as palms,soles,and mucosal *** often asymptomatic,the lesions may be mildly to moderately ***-Crosti syndrome is most common in children between 1 and 6 years of *** Epstein-Barr virus and the hepatitis B virus are the most common pathogens associated with Gianotti-Crosti *** treatment for Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is necessary because it is *** an era of vaccine hesitancy and refusal,Gianotti-Crosti syndrome may be important to mention to parents,because it can occur and trigger *** Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is mainly a disease of early childhood,characterized by an acute onset of a papular or papulovesicular eruption with a symmetrical *** the advent of more universal vaccination against hepatitis B virus,Epstein-Barr virus has become the most common etiologic agent of Gianotti-Crosti *** cases of post-vaccination Gianotti-Crosti syndrome have been ***,the emphasis should be placed on its self-limiting attribution.

关键词： Epstein-Barr virus Hepatitis B virus Papular acrodermatitis Papular symmetrical eruption

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Digital holography in production:an overview

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2021年第3期2卷 1-13页

作者： Markus Fratz Tobias Seyler alexander Bertz Daniel Carl Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM Georges-Köhler-Allee 30179110 FreiburgGermany

Many challenging measurement tasks in production simultaneously have high requirements for accuracy,measurement field size,lateral sampling,and measurement *** this paper,we provide an overview of the current state of the art in digital holography for surface topography measurements and present three applications from completely different productions with no alternative to digital holography;we describe the HoloTop sensor family,which has been designed specifically for industrial use,and present the most recent results achieved in reallife industrial *** applications address measurement tasks that could not be solved until now,either by optical or tactile *** start with a description of the first-ever inline integration of a digital holographic measurement system that inspects precision turned parts for the automotive *** proceed by presenting measurements performed with a compact sensor that can be placed inside a tooling machine and operated fully *** this case,the tool holder was used to position the sensor *** into a tooling machine places high demands on both robustness and ***,the quality control of electronic interconnectors such as microbumps with the highest demand for accuracy and repeatability is *** of these applications illustrate the major advantages of digital holographic systems:it is possible to measure a relatively large field of view with interferometric precision and very short acquisition ***,both reflective and matt surfaces can be measured *** end this publication with an assessment of the future potential of this technology and the necessary development steps involved.

关键词： holographic steps topography

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Pandemic of the aging society—sporadic cerebral small vessel disease

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第2期134卷 143-150页

作者： alexander Yuk Lun Lau Bonaventure Yiu Ming Ip Ho Ko Bonnie Yin Ka lam Lin Shi Karen Ka Yan Ma Lisa Wing Chi Au Yannie Oi Yan Soo Thomas Wai Hong Leung Adrian Wong Vincent Chung Tong Mok Division of Neurology Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre Faculty of MedicineLui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Margaret Cheung K.L.Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina.

Age-related sporadic cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)has gained increasing attention over the past decades because of its increasing prevalence associated with an aging *** widespread application of and advances in brain magnetic resonance imaging in recent decades have significantly increased researchers’understanding in the in vivo evolution of CSVD,its impact upon the brain,its risk factors,and the mechanisms that explain the various clinical manifestation associated with sporadic *** this review,we aimed to provide an update on the pathophysiology,risk factors,biomarkers,and the determinants and spectrum of the clinical manifestation of sporadic CSVD.

关键词： Cerebral small vessel disease Clinical spectrum Pathophysiology

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Metasurfaces for manipulating terahertz waves

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2021年第2期2卷 40-64页

作者： Xiaofei Zang Bingshuang Yao Lin Chen Jingya Xie Xuguang Guo Alexei VBalakin alexander P.Shkurinov Songlin Zhuang Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation CenterShanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical SystemUniversity of shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Physics and International Laser Center Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory 1Moscow 19991 Russia ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC《Crystallography and Photonics》RAS Svyatoozerskaya 1140700ShaturaMoscow RegionRussia

Terahertz(THz)science and technology have attracted significant attention based on their unique applications in non-destructive imaging,communications,spectroscopic detection,and ***,traditional THz devices must be sufficiently thick to realise the desired wave-manipulating functions,which has hindered the development of THz integrated systems and ***,which are two-dimensional metamaterials consisting of predesigned meta-atoms,can accurately tailor the amplitudes,phases,and polarisations of electromagnetic waves at subwavelength resolutions,meaning they can provide a flexible platform for designing ultra-compact and high-performance THz *** review focuses on recent advancements in metasurfaces for the wavefront manipulation of THz waves,including the planar metalens,holograms,arbitrary polarisation control,special beam generation,and active metasurface *** ultra-compact devices with unique functionality make metasurface devices very attractive for applications such as imaging,encryption,information modulation,and THz *** progress report aims to highlight some novel approaches for designing ultra-compact THz devices and broaden the applications of metasurfaces in THz science.

关键词： surfaces designing attractive

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Optimizing the Ex-post Trading Profits in a Financial Market

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运筹学学报 1997年第1期1卷 2-13页

作者： KIN lam（Department of Finance and Decision Sciences, School of Business, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong) XIANG-SUN ZHANG(Institute of Applied Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) WEI LI（Department of Finance and Decisi 香港浸会大学香港中科院应用数学所北京

Consider investing in an asset in a financial market. Given the investment returnri in day i, consider the problem of making an investmeat decision di in day i wheredi= 1,0, -1, has the meaning that the investor maintains a long, neutral or shortposition of the asset. The overall invest return over an n day period is given bywhere c=transaction cO8t and d0 = dn+1 = 0 are given. The optinization problemof maximizing IR(d) is considered. Analytic solution of the opthaation porblem isobtained. The solution is shown to be closely related to alexander’s tilter trading ruleand has praCtical implication in applying neural network to generate trading signals ina financial maket.

关键词： filter trading rule optimization finance investment neural network training set

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西九文化区

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城市环境设计 2014年第6期83卷 70-73页

作者： Sylvia Chan Yannis Chan Giulia Foscari Alain Fouraux alexander Giarlis Ekaterina Golovatyuk Inge Goudsmit Ravi Kamisetti Michael Kokora Barend Koolhaas Janice Kwok Katja lam Michelle lam Jedidiah Lau Miranda Lee Brigitta Lenz Brendan McGetrick Betty Ng Stephan Petermann Roberto Requejo Benny Tam

OMA发展西九文化区,必须面对一项挑战:将一个盛载政府极大抱负,以及持分者多元利益的超大型多用途项目,转化成一个既有趣又严肃、既有规划又允许即兴、既中国化又国际化的文化区。这个文化区规模庞大,但不失亲密融洽的感觉;富地标性,但... 详细信息

OMA发展西九文化区,必须面对一项挑战:将一个盛载政府极大抱负,以及持分者多元利益的超大型多用途项目,转化成一个既有趣又严肃、既有规划又允许即兴、既中国化又国际化的文化区。这个文化区规模庞大,但不失亲密融洽的感觉;富地标性,但十分谦和;容易理解,却能带来惊喜。为避免造成过分冲击,OMA采纳了一种每个香港市民都熟悉的建筑类型作为方案的发展

关键词：西九文化区九龙公园建筑师美术家

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Nationwide retrospective study of hepatitis B virological response and liver stiffness improvement in 465 patients on nucleos(t)ide analogue

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第31期28卷 4390-4398页

作者： Alnoor Ramji Karen Doucette Curtis Cooper Gerald Yosel Minuk Mang Ma alexander Wong David Wong Edward Tam Brian Conway David Truong Philip Wong Lisa Barrett Hin Hin Ko Sarah Haylock-Jacobs Nishi Patel Gilaad G Kaplan Scott Fung Carla S Coffin Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver v6t 1z3Canada Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton t6g 2r7Canada Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawa ON K1H 8L6Canada Department of Medicine University of ManitobaWinnipeg r3e 3j7Canada Department of Medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon s7n 5e5Canada Department of Medicine University Health NetworkToronto m5g 2c4Canada Pacific Gastroenterology Associates Vancouver v6z 2k5Canada Vancouver Infectious Disease Centre Vancouver v6z 2c7Canada Department of Medicine McGill UniversityMontreal h3a 0g4Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology Dalhousie UniversityHalifax b3h 4r2Canada Cumming School of Medicine University of CalgaryCalgary t2n 1n4Canada

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)therapy reduces liver disease but requires prolonged therapy to achieve hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)*** is limited North American real-world data using non-invasive tools for fibrosis assessment and few have compared 1st generation NA or lamivudine(lam)to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF).AIM To assess impact of NA on virological response and fibrosis regression using liver stiffness measurement(LSM)(i.e.,FibroScan®).METHODS Retrospective,observational cohort study from the Canadian HBV *** collected included demographics,NA,HBV DNA,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and *** were HBV monoinfected patients,treatment naïve,and received 1 NA with minimum 1 year *** In 465(median 49 years,37%female,35%hepatitis B e antigen+at baseline,84%Asian,6%White,and 9%Black).Percentage of 64(n=299)received TDF and 166 were lam-treated with similar median duration of 3.9 and 3.7 years,*** mean baseline LSM was 11.2 kPa(TDF)vs 8.3 kPa(lam)(P=0.003).At 5-year follow-up,the mean LSM was 7.0 kPa in TDF vs 6.7 kPa in lam(P=0.83).There was a significant difference in fibrosis regression between groups(i.e.,mean-4.2 kPa change in TDF and-1.6 kPa in lam,Plam-treated(n=35/58,60%)(P<0.05).None cleared *** In this real-world North American study,approximately 5 years of NA achieves liver fibrosis regression rarely leads to HBsAg loss.

关键词： Nucleos(t)ide analog therapy Functional cure Hepatitis B virus surface antigen loss Fibrosis regression Liver stiffness measurement Transient elastography

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