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Impact of exercise on markers of B cell-related immunity:A systematic review

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 339-352,I0002页

作者： David Walzik Sergen Belen Karen Wilisch Marie Kupjetz Silvana Kirschke Tobias Esser Niklas Joisten alexander schenk Sebastian Proschinger Philipp Zimmer Division of Performance and Health(Sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund UniversityDortmund 44227Germany

Background:B cells represent a crucial component of adaptive immunity that ensures long-term protection from infection by generating pathogen-specific *** alters B cell counts and immunoglobulin levels,but evidence-based conclusions on potential benefits for adaptive immunity are *** systematic review assessed current literatures on the impact of acute exercise and exercise training on B cells,immunoglobulins,and markers of secretory immunity in human ***:According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,MEDLINE,Web of Science,and Embase were searched on March 8,***-randomized controlled trials and crossover trials investigating the impact of acute exercise or exercise training on B cell counts and proportions,immunoglobulin levels,salivary flow rate,or secretory immunoglobulin A secretion rate were *** and reporting of exercise training studies were assessed using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in *** characteristics,outcome measures,and statistically significant changes were summarized ***:Of the 67 eligible studies,22 applied acute exercise and 45 applied exercise *** included outcomes revealed significant alterations over time in acute exercise and exercise training context,but only a few investigations showed significant differences compared to control *** and plasma immunoglobulin A levels were most consistently increased in response to exercise ***:B cell-related outcomes are altered by acute exercise and exercise training,but evidence-based conclusions cannot be drawn with high confidence due to the large heterogeneity in populations and exercise ***-designed trials with large sample sizes are needed to clarify how exercise shapes B cell-related immunity.

关键词： Antibody B-lymphocyte Exercise Humoral immunity Immune system

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Numerical Modelling of the Powder Metallurgical Manufacturing Chain of High Strength Sintered Gears

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2021年第6期34卷 3-20页

作者： Ali Rajaei Yuanbin Deng Oliver schenk Soheil Rooein alexander Bezold Christoph Broeckmann Institute for Materials Applications in Mechanical Engineering(IWM)of RWTH Aachen University Augustinerbach 452062 AachenGermany

This paper presents a digital model for the powder metallurgical(PM)production chain of high-performance sintered gears based on an integrated computational materials engineering(ICME)*** and finite element methods(DEM and FEM)were combined to describe the macroscopic material response to the thermomechanical loads and process conditions during the entire production *** microstructural evolution during the sintering process was predicted on the meso-scale using a Monte-Carlo *** effective elastic properties were determined by a homogenization method based on modelling a representative volume element(RVE).The results were subsequently used for the FE modelling of the heat treatment *** the development of multi-scale models,it was possible obtain characteristics of the microstructural *** predicted hardness and residual stress distributions allowed the calculation of the tooth root load bearing capacity of the heat-treated sintered gears.

关键词： ICME Process chain Powder metallurgy Multiscale modelling and simulation Digital model Sintered gear

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