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Reproductive responses of rice field rats(Rattus argentiventer)following treatment with the contraceptive hormones,quinestrol and levonorgestrol

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1017-1027页

作者： alexander m.stuart Nur‘Aini HERAWATI RISNELLI SUDARmAJI ming LIU Zhibin ZHANG Hongjun LI Grant R.SINGLETON Lyn A.HINDS International Rice Research Institute–Indonesia Office BogorIndonesia Pesticide Action Network UK BrightonUK Indonesian Center for Rice Research SukamandiIndonesia Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute MalangIndonesia Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology YogyakartaIndonesia International Society of Zoological Sciences BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest management Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina International Rice Research Institute Los BanosPhilippines Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKentUK CSIRO Health and Biosecurity CanberraACTAustralia

The riceﬁeld rat,Rattus argentiventer,is a signiﬁcant pest of rice in Southeast *** control methods have the potential to provide safe and effective alternatives to control methods that often include indiscriminate use of rodenticides or electric *** aim of this laboratory study was to assess uptake of bait coated with different concentrations of the contraceptive hormones,quinestrol(E)and levonorgestrel(P),delivered alone and in combination(***-1)and determine the short-term effects on reproductive parameters of adult male and female *** Experiment 1,2 concentrations of E,P,and EP-1(10,20 ppm)were fed to groups of wild-caught rats for 7 *** females,both E and EP-1 induced uterine *** males,EP-1 reduced epididymis and seminal vesicle weights and lowered sperm ***,these responses were inconsistent due to low bait acceptance,especially with increasing *** Experiment 2,EP-1(0,20,50,100 ppm)was administered by oral gavage daily for 7 days to male *** were signiﬁcant reductions in epididymal and seminal vesicle weights for all oral doses of EP-1,in sperm counts for the 50 ppm dose,and in sperm motility for the 20 and 50 ppm doses compared to the control *** select the optimum dose of EP-1,we must address the poor acceptance of contraceptive-coated baits by riceﬁeld *** research is required to improve the palatability of EP-1 and to test its uptake underﬁeld conditions.

关键词： ecologically based rodent management fertility control food security pest rice Southeast Asia

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The stadium effect:rodent damage patterns in rice fields explored using giving-up densities

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 438-445页

作者： Clare R.JONES Renee P.LORICA James m.VILLEGAS Angelee F.RAmAL Finbarr G.HORGAN Grant R.SINGLETON alexander m.stuart Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteMetro ManilaPhilippines Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKentUK Centre for Compassionate Conservation University of Technology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Rodents are globally important pre-harvest pests of *** Southeast Asia,rodent damage to growing rice crops is commonly concentrated towards the center of rice fields,away from the field edge,resulting in a clear pattern known as the“stadium effect.”To further understand this behavior of rodent pests and to develop recommendations for future research and management,we examined the relation between giving-up densities(GUDs)and damage *** Tanay,Luzon,Philippines,GUD trays containing pieces of coconut in a matrix of sand were placed at 4 different distances from the field edge to quantify the perceived risk of predation in a rice field pest,Rattus *** were recorded during a dry and wet season crop at the reproductive and ripening stages of *** addition,assessments of active burrows,tracking tile activity and rodent damage to the rice crop,were conducted in the dry *** were significantly lower in the center of the rice fields than on the field edges,suggesting that rodent damage to rice is greater in the middle of rice fields due to a lower perceived predation ***,this perception of predation risk(or fear)increases towards the field edge and was greatest on the rice bund,where there was no vegetation *** discuss the implications for rodent management and rodent damage assessments in rice *** is the first documented use of GUDs in a rice agro-ecosystem in Asia;thus we identify the challenges and lessons learned through this process.

关键词： habitat use landscape of fear pest management Rattus tanezumi rodent behavior

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Ergodicity and Accuracy of Optimal Particle Filters for Bayesian Data Assimilation

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Chinese Annals of mathematics,Series B 2019年第5期40卷 811-842页

作者： David KELLY Andrew m.stuart Courant Institute of mathematical Sciences New York UniversityNew YorkUSAThe Voleon Group2150 Dwight WayBerkeleyCA94704USA Department of Computing and mathematical Sciences California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA.

Data assimilation refers to the methodology of combining dynamical models and observed data with the objective of improving state estimation. most data assimilation algorithms are viewed as approximations of the Bayesian posterior(filtering distribution)on the signal given the observations. Some of these approximations are controlled, such as particle filters which may be refined to produce the true filtering distribution in the large particle number limit, and some are uncontrolled, such as ensemble Kalman filter methods which do not recover the true filtering distribution in the large ensemble limit. Other data assimilation algorithms, such as cycled 3 DVAR methods, may be thought of as controlled estimators of the state, in the small observational noise scenario, but are also uncontrolled in general in relation to the true filtering distribution. For particle filters and ensemble Kalman filters it is of practical importance to understand how and why data assimilation methods can be effective when used with a fixed small number of particles, since for many large-scale applications it is not practical to deploy algorithms close to the large particle limit asymptotic. In this paper, the authors address this question for particle filters and,in particular, study their accuracy(in the small noise limit) and ergodicity(for noisy signal and observation) without appealing to the large particle number limit. The authors first overview the accuracy and minorization properties for the true filtering distribution,working in the setting of conditional Gaussianity for the dynamics-observation model. They then show that these properties are inherited by optimal particle filters for any fixed number of particles, and use the minorization to establish ergodicity of the filters. For completeness we also prove large particle number consistency results for the optimal particle filters, by writing the update equations for the underlying distributions as recursions. In addition to loo

关键词： Particle filters Data assimilation Ergodic theory

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microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng Thomas Skutella Karl Kiening Andreas Unterberg alexander Younsi Department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation m1/m2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

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The performance of the Noblesse multi-collector noble gas mass spectrometer for ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar geochronology

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第5期37卷 734-745页

作者： Defeng He Finlay m.stuart Dan N.Barfod Fang Xiao Hong Zhong State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Isotope Geoscience Unit Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre NERC Argon Isotope Facility Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

Noblesse multi-collector noble gas mass spec- trometer is specially designed for multi-collection of Ar isotopes with different beam sizes, especially for small ion beams, precisely, and hence is perfectly suitable for ^40Ar/^39Ar geochronology. We have analyzed widely used sanidine, muscovite, and biotite standards with recom- mended ages of - 1.2-133 ma, with the aim to assess the reliability of Noblesse for ^40Ar/^39Ar dating. An ESI mIR10 30W CO2 laser was used for total fusion or incremental heating samples. Extracted gases were routinely purified by four SAES NP10 getters （one at - 400 ℃ and others at room temperature）. A GP50 getter and a metal cold finger cooled by liquid N （- 196 ℃） were also attached for additional purification if necessary. The Ar isotopes were then measured by Noblesse using Faraday or multiplier according to the signal intensities. Over a period of 1.5 months 337 air calibrations produced a weighted mean ^40Ar/^36Ar of 296.50 ± 0.08 （2σ, mSWD = 4.77）. Fish Canyon sanidine is used to calculate J-values, which show good linear relationship with position in irradiation. The age of four mineral standards （Alder Creek sanidine, Brione muscovite, Yabachi sanidine, and Fangshan biotite） are within error of the accepted ages. Five Alder Creek sanidine aliquots yielded an age range of 1.174-1.181 ± 0.013 ma （2σ） which broadly overlaps the established age of the standard and the uncertainty approaches those of the foremost Ar/Ar laboratories in the world. The weighted mean ages of four Brione muscovite aliquots （18.75 i 0.16 ma, 2σ）, five Yabachi sanidine aliquots （29.50 ± 0.19 ma, 2σ）, and three Fangshan bio- tite aliquots （133.0 ± 0.76 ma, 2σ） are consistent with the recommended values of these standards, and the uncer- tainties are typical of modem Ar/Ar laboratories world- wide.

关键词： Ar/Ar geochronology multi-collector Highprecision Noblesse Age standard

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In situ cosmogenic ^(10)Be, ^(26)Al, and ^(21)Ne dating in sediments from the Guizhou Plateau, southwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第8期64卷 1305-1317页

作者： Ye YANG Yu LIU Yan mA Sheng XU Cong-Qiang LIU Shi-Jie WANG Finlay m.stuart Derek FABEL Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre East Kilbride G750QFUK State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China

Landscape evolution is modulated by the regional tectonic uplift,climate change,and river ***,how to distinguish these mechanisms through the research of surface exhumation and fluvial incision remains *** this study,cosmogenic ^(10)Be,^(26)Al,and ^(21)Ne concentrations in quartz from cave deposits,modern river sediments,and bedrocks were measured to constrain the applicability of cosmogenic ^(21)Ne and discuss Quaternary landscape evolution history in the Guizhou Plateau,southeast *** the ^(26)Al-^(10)Be and ^(21)Ne-^(10)Be pairs to distinguish the cosmogenic ^(21)Ne concentration from the excess ^(21)Ne,we found that the nucleogenic ^(21)Ne produced by the U and Th decay in quartz is significant in the samples although there is the possibility of inherited cosmogenic ^(21)*** with previous studies,we suggest that the precise approach for applying the cosmogenic ^(21)Ne could be reached by(1)estimating the contribution from nucleogenic ^(21)Ne,(2)avoiding samples with complex burial histories to exclude inherited cosmogenic ^(21)Ne,and(3)combining the ^(10)Be-^(26)Al-^(21)Ne nuclides method for the Quaternary *** addition,both pre-burial basin denudation rates and burial ages derived from the ^(26)Al-^(10)Be pair were used to determine the different timescale surface denudation rate and fluvial incision rate in relation to previous *** consistency of the different timescales pre-burial basin denudation rate,^(36)Cl surface denudation rate,and modern basin denudation rate indicates that the landscape-scale surface denudation has been likely stabilized since the Quaternary in the Guizhou Plateau *** slightly higher river incision rates than the local surface denudation rate show that the river dynamics may not have reached a steady-state due to the regional tectonic uplift in the Guizhou Plateau.

关键词： Cosmogenic^(10)Be-^(26)Al-^(21)Ne Burial dating Incision rate Landscape evolution Guizhou Plateau

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Dual Effects of IL-1 Overactivity on the Immune System in a mouse model of Arthritis due to Deficiency of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2013年第2期40卷 83-91页

作者： Jian Yan Yan Jiao Hong Chen Feng Jiao Karen A.Hasty John m.stuart Weikuan Gu Department of medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BmE University of Tennessee Health Science Center mudanjiang medical College The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City Department of Veterans Affairs medical Center

Previous studies have revealed the significance of cytokine interleukin 1 （IL-1） in the onset and progression of rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. The precise molecular mechanisms related to IL-1 underlying RA is still elusive. We conducted a whole genome-wide tran- scriptomal comparison of wild-type （WT） and arthritis-prone IL-1 receptor antagonist （IL-lrn） deficient BALB/c mice to address this issue. To refine our search efforts, gene expression profiling was also performed on paired wild-type and arthritis-resistant IL-lrn deficient DBA/1 mice as internal controls when identifying causative arthritis candidate genes. Two hundred and fifteen transcripts were found to be dysregulated greater than or equal to 2-fold in the diseased mice. The altered transcriptome in BALB/c mice revealed increased myeloid cell activities and impaired lymphocyte functionality, suggesting dual regulatory effects of IL-1 hyperactivity on immunological changes associated with arthritis development. Phase-specific gene expression changes were identified, such as early increase and late decrease of heat shock protein coding genes. moreover, common gene expression changes were also observed, especially the upregulation of paired Ig-like receptor A （Pira） in both early and late phases of arthritis. Real-time PCR was performed to validate the expression of Pira and an intervention experiment with a major histocompatibility complex （mHC） class I inhibitor （brefeldin A） was carded out to investigate the role of suppressing Pira activity. We conclude that global pattern changes of common and distinct gene expressions may represent novel opportunities for better control of RA through early diagnosis and development of alternative therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Arthritis Gene expression mouse Transcriptome

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The use of in-situ cosmogenic ^(21)Ne in studies on long-term landscape development

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第2期37卷 310-322页

作者： Yan ma Finlay m. stuart State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China Isotope Geosciences Unit Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre Scottish Enterprise Technology Park East Kilbride G75 0QF UK

Cosmogenic Ne isotopes are stable and are routinely used for constraining the timing of events and the rate of surface change beyond the limit that can be studied with radionuclides ^10Be, ^26Al, and ^36Cl. Cosmogenic Ne analysis can be used in quartz and in a range of other minerals. Analysis typically requires significantly less material than do cosmogenic ^10Be and ^26Al, opening up the technique for small samples--individual pebbles in fiver sediments, for example. Analysis is easier and faster than for radionuclides, not least because Ne measurements do not require significant chemical procedures. However, the presence of other sources of Ne in minerals tends to restrict the use of cosmogenic ^21Ne to old landscapes and long exposure durations. In this review we briefly outline the background of cosmogenic Ne production in rocks and minerals at the Earth＇s surface, then document the key uses of the technique by highlighting some earlier studies, and finish with a short perspective on the future of the technique.

关键词： Cosmogenic nuclides ^21Ne Long timescale Landscape evolution

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贵州高原沉积物原位宇宙成因核素^(10)Be、^(26)Al和^(21)Ne测年研究

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中国科学：地球科学 2021年第8期51卷 1275-1288页

作者：杨业刘彧马严徐胜刘丛强王世杰 Finlay m.stuart Derek FABEL 天津大学地球系统科学学院表层地球系统科学研究院天津300072 Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre East Kilbride G75 OQFUK 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室贵阳550081 中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室北京100029

地貌演化受到区域构造抬升、气候变化和河流动力学共同调节.然而,如何通过地表剥蚀和河流下切作用来区分这些机制仍存在争议.本文对贵州高原地区洞穴沉积物、现代河流沉积物和基岩中石英颗粒的原位宇宙成因核素^(10)Be、^(26)Al和^(21)N... 详细信息

地貌演化受到区域构造抬升、气候变化和河流动力学共同调节.然而,如何通过地表剥蚀和河流下切作用来区分这些机制仍存在争议.本文对贵州高原地区洞穴沉积物、现代河流沉积物和基岩中石英颗粒的原位宇宙成因核素^(10)Be、^(26)Al和^(21)Ne含量进行分析,探讨了^(21)Ne在地质年代学中的适用性,并讨论了该地区第四纪地貌演化历史.通过^(26)Al-^(10)Be和^(21)Ne-^(10)Be核素对的对比分析,我们发现石英样品中由U和Th衰变产生的核反应成因^(21)Ne含量不可忽视,同时也有可能存在继承性宇宙成因^(21)Ne.在前人的研究基础上,我们总结了宇宙成因核素^(21)Ne精确定年须注意的几个方面:(1)评估样品中核反应成因^(21)Ne的贡献;(2)避免采集有复杂埋藏历史的样品以排除继承性^(21)Ne的影响;(3)对第四纪样品^(10)Be-^(26)Al-^(21)Ne三核素联用.基于^(26)Al-^(10)Be核素对计算出的样品埋藏年代和流域在埋藏前的剥蚀速率,我们确定了贵州高原地区不同时间尺度地表剥蚀速率和河流下切速率的变化.不同时间尺度的^(26)Al-^(10)Be流域剥蚀速率、^(36)Cl剥蚀速率和现代河流剥蚀速率的一致性,表明贵州高原景观尺度的地表剥蚀速率可能在第四纪以来已经达到稳定状态.该地区河流下切速率略高于局部地表剥蚀速率,表明区域构造抬升导致的河流动力学可能尚未达到稳定状态.

关键词：宇宙成因核素埋藏定年下切速率地貌演化贵州高原

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Hepatoprotective actions of melatonin:Possible mediation by melatonin receptors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6087-6097页

作者： alexander m mathes Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain MedicineSaarland University Hospital

melatonin,the hormone of darkness and messenger of the photoperiod,is also well known to exhibit strong direct and indirect antioxidant properties. melatonin has previously been demonstrated to be a powerful organ protective substance in numerous models of injury; these beneficial effects have been attributed to the hormone's intense radical scavenging capacity. The present report reviews the hepatoprotective potential of the pineal hormone in various models of oxidative stress in vivo,and summarizes the extensive literature showing that melatonin may be a suitable experimental substance to reduce liver damage after sepsis,hemorrhagic shock,ischemia/reperfusion,and in numerous models of toxic liver injury. melatonin's influence on hepatic antioxidant enzymes and other potentially relevant pathways,such as nitric oxide signaling,hepatic cytokine and heat shock protein expression,are evaluated. Based on recent literature demonstrating the functional relevance of melatonin receptor activation for hepatic organ protection,this article finally suggests that melatonin receptors could mediate the hepatoprotective actions of melatonin therapy.

关键词： Antioxidant enzymes Hemorrhagic shock Hepatoprotection Ischemia Liver Liver function melatonin melatonin receptor Ramelteon Reperfusion Sepsis Toxic liver injury

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