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Community phylogenetic diversity and abiotic site characteristics influence abundance of the invasive plant Rhamnus cathartica L.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第2期7卷 202-209页

作者： Timothy J.S.Whitfeld Alexandra G.Lodge alexander m.roth Peter B.Reich Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota1530 Cleveland Avenue NorthSt PaulMN 55108-6112USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western SydneyPenrithNSW 2751Australia

Aims Theory predicts that the success of introduced species is related to the diversity of native species through trait-based *** site characteristics may also affect a site’s susceptibility to *** quantified resident plant species richness,phylogenetic diversity and several abiotic site characteristics for 24 oak forests in minnesota,USA,to assess their impact on the abundance of a widespread,introduced terrestrial plant species,common buckthorn(Rhamnus cathartica L.).Specifically,we asked(1)whether resident species richness and phylogenetic diversity affected the abundance of *** and(2)what site characteristics explained the overall abundance of *** Our survey included 24 oak-dominated stands in minnesota’s deciduous *** each stand,we identified all species in 16 *** also measured a series of environmental site characteristics,including canopy openness(a proxy for light availability),percent bare soil,soil pH,percent sand,an index of propagule availability,duff layer thickness(a proxy for earthworm activity),an index of insolation and *** all species present in at least one site,we estimated a community *** combined all sitelevel characteristics,including phylogenetic diversity of the resident plant species,in a multiple regression model to examine site-level drivers of community *** Findings Results indicate that sites with higher overall plant phylogenetic diversity harbor less ***,even though native species richness was not significantly related to *** *** analyses indicated that,in addition to resident species phylogenetic diversity,the most important predictors of *** abundance were canopy openness and the amount of bare soil,both positively related to the abundance of the *** combining the effects of abiotic site characteristics and resident species phylogenetic diversity in a model that predicted the abundance of R

关键词： invasibility R.cathartica L. phylogenetic diversity site characteristics

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Gene silencing of HIF-2α disrupts glioblastoma stem cell phenotype

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第2期3卷 199-208页

作者： Leora m.Nusblat Shaili Tanna Charles m.roth Department of Biomedical Engineering RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA

malignancy and recurrence in glioblastoma *** regions within the tumor microenvironment help maintain and promote the proliferation of ***,we explored the effects of silencing hypoxia inducible factor-2α(HIF-2α)because of its specificity for CSCs within the hypoxic ***:Cancer stem cell neurospheres were formed by enriching from both the glioblastoma cell line U87 and from brain tumor stem cells isolated directly from human brain *** of human HIF-2αwas performed using both commercial and in-house transfection of a validated short interfering RNA,with all results compared to an established non-silencing control short interfering *** of HIF-2αwas established by Western blotting,and phenotypic effects were assayed by cell migration assays,cell viability measurements,and immunofluorescence staining of differentiation ***:Transfection with either our previously reported pH-sensitive,cationic amphiphilic macromolecule-based delivery system or Lipofectamine was similarly effective in silencing HIF-2α.The chemotherapeutic resistance and neurosphere formation were reduced when HIF-2αwas *** capacities in the presence of macrophage conditioned media were ***-2αsilencing was complementary to temozolomide treatment in producing phenotypic rather than cytotoxic ***:HIF-2αsilencing under hypoxia inhibited CSC phenotypes while promoting differentiated cell phenotypes and is complementary to existing DNA alkylating treatments in inhibiting glioma CSC activity.

关键词： Glioblastoma multiforme cancer stem cell short interfering RNA tumor hypoxia

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Surgery in the age of biologics

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第2期7卷 77-90,I0001页

作者： Daniel J.Wong Eve m.roth Joseph D.Feuerstein Vitaliy Y.Poylin Department of Surgery Division of Colon&Rectum SurgeryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of medicine Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Since the introduction of the first anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies in the late 1990s,biologic therapy has revolutionized the medical treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Nevertheless,surgery continues to play a significant role in treating IBD *** of intestinal resection in patients with Crohn’s disease or colectomy in ulcerative colitis are reducing but not substantially over the long *** increasing variety of biologic medications are now available to treat IBD patients in various clinical ***,a number of questions persist about how biologic medications affect the need for surgery and overall course in IBD *** the trend for earlier and more frequent use of biologic medications in IBD patients,a working knowledge of the effects of these medications on surgical decision-making and outcomes is essential for the practicing colorectal surgeon and *** review seeks to summarize the relevant literature surrounding biologic use and IBD surgery with a focus on the effect of biologics on the frequency,type and complications of surgery in this‘age of biologics’.

关键词： Biologics inflammatory bowel disease surgery review

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Accelerating ions with high-energy short laser pulses from submicrometer thick targets

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-8页

作者： F.Wagner C.Brabetz O.Deppert m.roth T.Stohlker An.Tauschwitz A.Tebartz B.Zielbauer V.Bagnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Helmholtz Institut Jena Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universitat Darmstadt Institute for Theoretical Physics Frankfurt University

Using the example of the PHELIX high-energy short pulse laser we discuss the technical preconditions to investigate ion acceleration with submicrometer thick targets. We show how the temporal contrast of this system was improved to prevent pre-ionization of such targets on the nanosecond timescale. Furthermore the influence of typical fluctuations or uncertainties of the on-target intensity on ion acceleration experiments is discussed. We report how these uncertainties were reduced by improving the assessment and control of the on-shot intensity and by optimizing the positioning of the target into the focal plane. Finally we report on experimental results showing maximum proton energies in excess of 85 meV for ion acceleration via the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism using target thicknesses on the order of one micrometer.

关键词： high-power laser technique laser-ion acceleration relativistic laser plasma interaction target normal sheath acceleration temporal contrast

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microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng Thomas Skutella Karl Kiening Andreas Unterberg alexander Younsi Department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation m1/m2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

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Reflection of intense laser light from microstructured targets as a potential diagnostic of laser focus and plasma temperature

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 10-16页

作者： J.Jarrett m.King R.J.Gray N.Neumann L.Dhl C.D.Baird T.Ebert m.Hesse A.Tebartz D.R.Rusby N.C.Woolsey D.Neely m.roth P.mcKenna Department of Physics SUPA University of Strathclyde Institut f¨ur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt York Plasma Institute University of York STFC-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Institut fur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt

The spatial-intensity profile of light reflected during the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a microstructured target is investigated experimentally and the potential to apply this as a diagnostic of the interaction physics is explored numerically. Diffraction and speckle patterns are measured in the specularly reflected light in the cases of targets with regular groove and needle-like structures, respectively, highlighting the potential to use this as a diagnostic of the evolving plasma surface. It is shown, via ray-tracing and numerical modelling, that for a laser focal spot diameter smaller than the periodicity of the target structure, the reflected light patterns can potentially be used to diagnose the degree of plasma expansion, and by extension the local plasma temperature, at the focus of the intense laser light. The reflected patterns could also be used to diagnose the size of the laser focal spot during a high-intensity interaction when using a regular structure with known spacing.

关键词： high power laser laser-solid interactions plasma temperature diagnosis

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在凸轮轴无心磨削中使用CBN材料的经济效益

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现代制造工程 2002年第2期 53-54页

作者： W.Hinz H.Hottek m.roth

在发动机生产过程中,使用CBN磨轮,不仅降低了成本,而且使产品有了显著的增长.

关键词：凸轮轴发动机无心磨削砂轮立方氮化硼经济效益

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Hepatoprotective actions of melatonin:Possible mediation by melatonin receptors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6087-6097页

作者： alexander m mathes Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain MedicineSaarland University Hospital

melatonin,the hormone of darkness and messenger of the photoperiod,is also well known to exhibit strong direct and indirect antioxidant properties. melatonin has previously been demonstrated to be a powerful organ protective substance in numerous models of injury; these beneficial effects have been attributed to the hormone's intense radical scavenging capacity. The present report reviews the hepatoprotective potential of the pineal hormone in various models of oxidative stress in vivo,and summarizes the extensive literature showing that melatonin may be a suitable experimental substance to reduce liver damage after sepsis,hemorrhagic shock,ischemia/reperfusion,and in numerous models of toxic liver injury. melatonin's influence on hepatic antioxidant enzymes and other potentially relevant pathways,such as nitric oxide signaling,hepatic cytokine and heat shock protein expression,are evaluated. Based on recent literature demonstrating the functional relevance of melatonin receptor activation for hepatic organ protection,this article finally suggests that melatonin receptors could mediate the hepatoprotective actions of melatonin therapy.

关键词： Antioxidant enzymes Hemorrhagic shock Hepatoprotection Ischemia Liver Liver function melatonin melatonin receptor Ramelteon Reperfusion Sepsis Toxic liver injury

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Development of a Long-Term Operational Optimization model for a Building Energy System Supplied by a Geothermal Field

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1293-1301页

作者： KÜmPEL alexander STOFFEL Phillip mÜLLER Dirk RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor ClimateAachen 52074Germany

In order to reduce energy consumption and CO_(2) emissions in the building sector, more and more renewable energy sources are integrated into energy systems. Especially geothermal fields combined with heat pumps are able to supply buildings with heat and cold at low carbon emissions. However, using geothermal fields as heat and cold source influences the ground temperature. Consequently, the ground temperature can change dramatically over a building’s lifetime, leading to less efficient operation of the energy system. Therefore, a sustainable operation is required to ensure the long-term efficiency of geothermal fields. In this paper, we develop an optimization model to derive operating strategies for an efficient long-term operation of a building energy system coupled to a geothermal field. The investigated energy system is the main building of the *** Energy Research Center in Aachen, Germany, which includes a heat pump, two boilers, a combined heat, and power unit, a glycol cooler, and a geothermal field with 41 probes. For each component, we develop energy-based sub-models, which are connected to form the overall system. The geothermal field is modeled by using a g-functions approach as well as a simplified resistance-capacitance approach. To achieve short computing times and realize an optimization horizon of several years, the optimization problem is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming(mILP). The developed model is optimized regarding two different objectives: the minimization of energy costs and the minimization of long-term temperature changes in the ground. Conclusions for an efficient and sustainable operation of the field, especially for the cooling supply, can be derived from the optimization results. It is shown that a state of equilibrium should be aimed to achieve an energy-efficient operation, in which the temperature of the field is close to the initial ground temperature.

关键词： geothermal energy building energy systems operational optimization long-term operation

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Evaluation of disease burden and symptom scores in patients with acute atrial fi brillation in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2024年第5期15卷 397-400页

作者： Nikola Schütz Dominik roth michael Prinz Filippo Cacioppo Sebastian Schnaubelt alexander O.Spiel Hans Domanovits Harald Herkner Department of Emergency medicine Medical University of ViennaVienna 1090Austria Department of Emergency medicine Clinic OttakringVienna 1160Austria

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a major public health problem and poses a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide.[1-4]The emergency department(ED)serves as the first point of contact with the healthcare system and plays a key role in the management of patients with AF,which accounts for 3%-10%of all hospital admissions.[5]Treatment plans are often discussed and initiated at the ED.

关键词： patients atrial acute

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