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Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal J.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George Jimsheleishvili Patricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera alexander J.P.Goldschmidt Damien D.Pearse W.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.Levi James D.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and *** patient volunteered to participate in an FDA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired(senescent)and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in *** a period of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored,the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

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大国数字货币对小国宏观金融形势溢出效应研究

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新金融 2024年第7期 53-58页

作者： Anh H.Le alexander Copestake Brandon Tan Evan Papageorgiou SJay Peiris Umang Rawat 唐成千(译) 周正铭(译) 国际货币基金组织不详

央行数字货币(CBDC)快速发展,与传统法定货币不同,CBDC对宏观经济,尤其是对邻国的宏观经济有哪些影响值得关注。本文建立了一个考虑内生货币替代和金融摩擦的两国新凯恩斯模型,以考察大型外国经济体发行的稳定币对小型发展中经济体的影... 详细信息

央行数字货币(CBDC)快速发展,与传统法定货币不同,CBDC对宏观经济,尤其是对邻国的宏观经济有哪些影响值得关注。本文建立了一个考虑内生货币替代和金融摩擦的两国新凯恩斯模型,以考察大型外国经济体发行的稳定币对小型发展中经济体的影响。研究发现,外国稳定币为国内经济中的家庭提供流动性服务,并为国内通胀提供额外的对冲;同时,它的引入放大了货币替代效应,减少了银行中介作用,削弱了货币政策传导作用,加剧了衰退冲击的影响,增加了银行业经营压力;而资本管制提高了稳定币作为规避手段的使用率,增加了对外国冲击溢出效应的敞口。与国内中央银行数字货币不同,禁止外国稳定币支付可以缓解这些影响。本刊编译此篇国际货币基金组织(IMF)的工作论文,以期为读者带来启示。

关键词：央行数字货币(CBDC) 宏观金融形势溢出效应开放经济体金融摩擦

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Exploring van der Waals materials with high anisotropy:geometrical and optical approaches

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 645-653页

作者： Aleksandr S.Slavich Georgy A.Ermolaev Mikhail K.Tatmyshevskiy Adilet N.Toksumakov Olga G.Matveeva Dmitriy V.Grudinin Kirill V.Voronin Arslan Mazitov Konstantin V.Kravtsov alexander V.Syuy Dmitry M.Tsymbarenko Mikhail S.Mironov Sergey M.Novikov Ivan Kruglov Davit A.Ghazaryan Andrey A.Vyshnevyy Aleksey V.Arsenin Valentyn S.Volkov Kostya S.Novoselov Moscow Center for Advanced Studies Kulakova str.20Moscow 123592Russia. Emerging Technologies Research Center XPANCEOInternet CityEmmay TowerDubaiUnited Arab Emirates. Donostia International Physics Center(DIPC) Donostia/San-Sebastián 20018Spain. Institute of Materials Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland. Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia. Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia. National Graphene Institute(NGI) University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK. Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 03-09 EASingapore. Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore117544 SingaporeSingapore

The emergence of van der Waals(vdW)materials resulted in the discovery of their high optical,mechanical,and electronic anisotropic properties,immediately enabling countless novel phenomena and *** success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties among vdW ***,the identification of the most promising among the huge family of vdW materials is a challenging quest requiring innovative ***,we suggest an easy-to-use method for such a survey based on the crystallographic geometrical perspective of vdW materials followed by their optical *** our approach,we found As2S3 as a highly anisotropic vdW *** demonstrates high in-plane optical anisotropy that is~20%larger than for rutile and over two times as large as calcite,high refractive index,and transparency in the visible range,overcoming the century-long record set by *** these benefits,As2S3 opens a pathway towards nextgeneration nanophotonics as demonstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-wave plate that combines classical and the Fabry–Pérot optical phase ***,our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use method to find vdW materials with the utmost anisotropic properties.

关键词： anisotropy anisotropic high

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Statin, aspirin and metformin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma related outcomes following liver transplantation: A retrospective study

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 120-131页

作者： William Chung Kevin Wong Noel Ravindranayagam Lauren Tang Josephine Grace Darren Wong Danny Con Marie Sinclair Avik Majumdar Numan Kutaiba Samuel Hui Paul Gow Vijayaragavan Muralidharan alexander Dobrovic Adam Testro Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Victorian Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Radiology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology Monash HealthClayton 3168VictoriaAustralia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelberg 3048VictoriaAustralia Department of Surgery Beacon LaboratoryAustin PrecinctThe University of MelbourneAustin HospitalHeidelberg 3048VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC-recurrence following LT is associated with reduced *** is increasing interest in chemoprophylaxis to improve HCC-related outcomes *** To investigate whether there is any benefit for the use of drugs with proposed chemoprophylactic properties against HCC,and patient outcomes following *** This was a retrospective study of adult patients who received Deceased Donor LT for HCC from 2005-2022,from a single Australian *** use was defined as statin,aspirin or metformin therapy for≥29 days,within 24 months post-LT.A cox proportional-hazards model with time-dependent covariates was used for survival *** measures were the composite-endpoint of HCC-recurrence and all-cause mortality,HCC-recurrence and HCC-related *** analysis was performed to account for immortality time bias and statin *** Three hundred and five patients were included in this study,with 253(82.95%)males with a median age of 58.90 *** of liver disease were 150(49.18%)hepatitis C,73(23.93%)hepatitis B(HBV)and 33(10.82%)non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).56(18.36%)took statins,51(16.72%)aspirin and 50(16.39%)*** a median follow-up time of 59.90 months,34(11.15%)developed HCC-recurrence,48(15.74%)died,17(5.57%)from HCC-related ***,aspirin or metformin use was not associated with statistically significant differences in the composite endpoint of HCC-recurrence or all-cause mortality[hazard ratio(HR):1.16,95%CI:0.58-2.30;HR:1.21,95%CI:0.28-5.27;HR:0.61,95%CI:0.27-1.36],HCC-recurrence(HR:0.52,95%CI:0.20-1.35;HR:0.51,95%CI:0.14-1.93;HR 1.00,95%CI:0.37-2.72),or HCC-related mortality(HR:0.32,95%CI:0.033-3.09;HR:0.71,95%CI:0.14-3.73;HR:1.57,95%CI:0.61-4.04)*** dosing was not associated with statist-ically significant differences in HCC-related ***

关键词： Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Transplant oncology Statins HMG-Co-A reductase Aspirin Metformin Mammalian target of rapamycin

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激光辐射波长和脉冲寿命对碲化镉熔化阈值的影响

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材料导报 2024年第7期38卷 40-45页

作者：列维茨基·谢尔盖曹泽祥柯巴·亚历山大柯巴·玛丽亚乌克兰国家科学院半导体物理研究所基辅03028 乌克兰国立技术大学物理技术学院基辅03058 乌克兰国民警卫研究所国家安全系基辅03028

碲化镉的相对分子量为240,密度为5.885 g/cm^(3),熔点为1092℃。碲化镉是一种Ⅱ-Ⅵ族的化合物半导体材料,属于直接带隙型,带隙宽度为1.56 eV。碲化镉是制造X射线、伽马射线和红外线探测器的基本材料。对碲化镉的特别关注主要是由于其大... 详细信息

碲化镉的相对分子量为240,密度为5.885 g/cm^(3),熔点为1092℃。碲化镉是一种Ⅱ-Ⅵ族的化合物半导体材料,属于直接带隙型,带隙宽度为1.56 eV。碲化镉是制造X射线、伽马射线和红外线探测器的基本材料。对碲化镉的特别关注主要是由于其大原子数和大的光电吸收截面。在基于CdTe的伽马辐射势垒探测器结构中,其表面的处理方法之一是纳秒激光照射,在某些情况下,纳秒激光照射可以在触点(Ag、In、Au)和势垒形成的技术处理阶段优化所需的表面参数。另一种方法是在脉冲激光照射下在碲化镉表面形成有序的纳米结构。对基于半导体及其结构的脉冲激光器,可根据其不同的脉冲持续时间τ_(p)和辐射波长λ将其分类。例如,红宝石激光器(λ=694 nm)、钕激光器(一次谐波1064 nm和两次谐波532 nm)、准分子KrF激光器(248 nm)和XeF激光器(351 nm)等,其脉冲持续时间分别为7、20、80、120 ns。这些激光器常被应用于表面修饰等领域。因此,往往有必要事先知道或至少估计在脉冲激光辐射下碲化镉表面的熔化温度和阈值,这取决于激光脉冲持续时间τ_(p)、辐射波长(光吸收系数α(λ))以及碲化镉表面本身的电物理参数,特别是表面重组率S和非平衡电荷载流子的寿命。这些参数取决于表面处理的方法和掺杂物的浓度。在上述情况下,实验研究是非常耗费人力和时间的,因此基于τ_(p)、α(λ)和碲化镉表面本身的电物理参数对融化阈值th和表面温度进行理论计算变得非常重要。本工作采用激光照射碲化镉,辐射波长为300~800 nm,脉冲持续时间为7~120 ns。为了以非破坏性的和有效的方法来管理接近表面层状态的CdTe,在T=80 K下进行了光致发光实验。为了监测熔化阈值,研究了由Acrorad公司制造和抛光的尺寸为5 mm×5 mm×0.5 mm的Cl补偿p-CdTe(111)单晶的光致发光光谱。经过研究发现,在激光脉冲寿命从7ns到1μs的范围内,CdTe熔化阈值明显取决于光吸收系数α(λ)。因为在脉冲寿命长于1μs的情况下,热扩散深度明显大于CdTe中的激光辐射穿透深度,并开始依赖于反射系数R(λ)。对于较短的激光脉冲长度τ_(p),当辐射波长λ变化时,熔化阈值会发生显著变化。同时,非平衡过剩载流子参数的变化(如表面重组速度S从10^(3)m/s增加到10^(5)m/s,还有扩散深度LD从0.4μm增加到2μm)会对CdTe熔化阈值产生至少25%的影响。而且红宝石激光的脉冲持续时间在(20±5)ns区间内的变化导致相对熔化阈值的变化(ΔIth/Ith)为35%。CdTe熔化阈值的计算值可以有效地被用于优化脉冲激光对晶体的表面处理与掺杂。

关键词：碲化镉熔化阈值脉冲激光辐照半导体激光掺杂

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Spatial Industrial Accident Exposure and Social Vulnerability Assessment of Hazardous Material Sites,Chemical Parks,and Nuclear Power Plants in Germany

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第2期14卷 223-236页

作者： alexander Fekete Steffen Neuner Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection TH Köln-University of Applied Sciences50679CologneGermany

Industrial accidents have shown that many people can be affected,such as in Seveso,Italy,in *** accidents in nuclear power plants have also led to fatalities and *** better guide preparedness against and mitigation of industrial accidents,an assessment is necessary to evaluate hazard exposure and the type of potentially vulnerable social groups that need to be taken into *** study conducted a spatial assessment of three types of industrial facilities in Germany:facilities registered under the Seveso Directive,chemical parks,and nuclear power *** method consisted of a spatial assessment using a Geographic Information System of exposure around hazardous sites registered under the S eveso Directive in Germany and of census data to analyze social *** analyzed included industrial accidents and *** results revealed that most industrial sites are in urban areas and that population density,the numbers of foreigners,and smaller housing unit sizes are higher in close proximity to these *** buffer zones analyzed in circles between 1 and 40 km show a decreasing vulnerability with more *** can guide emergency management planners and other stakeholders to better prepare for major accidents and better devise disaster risk reduction strategies specifically for different social groups.

关键词： Germany Industrial disaster risk Seveso directives Seveso sites Social vulnerability

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The Investigation of the Dynamical Evolution of Extrasolar Three-planetary System GJ 3138

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第1期22卷 68-84页

作者： alexander Perminov Eduard Kuznetsov Ural Federal University 51 Lenin AvenueYekaterinburgRussia

This article is devoted to studying the dynamical evolution and orbital stability of compact extrasolar threeplanetary system GJ 3138. In this system, all semimajor axes are less than 0.7 au. The modeling of planetary motion is performed using the averaged semi-analytical motion theory of the second order in planetary masses,which the authors construct. Unknown and known with errors orbital elements vary in allowable limits to obtain a set of initial conditions. Each of these initial conditions is applied for the modeling of planetary motion. The assumption about the stability of observed planetary systems allows to eliminate the initial conditions leading to excessive growth of the orbital eccentricities and inclinations and to identify those under which these orbital elements conserve moderate values over the whole modeling interval. Thus, it becomes possible to limit the range of possible values of unknown orbital elements and determine their most probable values in terms of stability.

关键词： Planetary Systems planets and satellites:dynamical evolution and stability planetstar interactions celestial mechanics

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绿原酸通过减轻心肌细胞铁死亡改善心力衰竭（英文）

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第2期 191-198页

作者：黄凯李芳赫唐家杨普海崟 Sukhorukov,Vasily Orekhov,alexander N. 郭淑贞北京中医药大学中医学院俄罗斯医学科学院病理生理学研究所血管病理学实验室

目的：绿原酸（CGA）是一种普遍存在于传统中药和食物中的多酚类化合物，包括金银花、杜仲叶、茶和咖啡。本文的目的是阐明绿原酸对心肌细胞铁死亡和心力衰竭的影响。方法：我们通过运用主动脉缩窄（TAC）诱导的心力衰竭小鼠模型，评估... 详细信息

目的：绿原酸（CGA）是一种普遍存在于传统中药和食物中的多酚类化合物，包括金银花、杜仲叶、茶和咖啡。本文的目的是阐明绿原酸对心肌细胞铁死亡和心力衰竭的影响。方法：我们通过运用主动脉缩窄（TAC）诱导的心力衰竭小鼠模型，评估了绿原酸对心脏功能的影响，具体指标包括左室射血分数（LVEF）、分数缩短（LVFS）、舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、收缩末期容积（LVESV）、收缩末期直径（LVESD）和舒张末期直径（LVEDD）。同时建立了异丙肾上腺素（ISO）诱导的H9c2心肌细胞模型，并用不同浓度的绿原酸进行干预。为了评估绿原酸对心肌细胞铁死亡的影响，我们检测了细胞活性，并使用荧光染色评估了细胞内活性氧（ROS）、亚铁离子（Fe2+）和脂质过氧化物的水平。为了明确绿原酸调控铁死亡的信号通路，我们使用western blot检测了H9c2心肌细胞和小鼠心肌组织中铁死亡生物标志物的表达，如溶质载体家族7成员11(SLC7A11)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)。结果：绿原酸显著增强了小鼠心脏功能指标，如LVEF、LVFS、LVEDV、LVESV、LVESD和LVEDD。异丙肾上腺素诱导的H9c2心肌细胞显示出降低的细胞活性及升高的ROS水平、Fe2+含量和脂质过氧化水平，然而，绿原酸显著改善了这些变化。此外，在H9c2心肌细胞和TAC小鼠心肌组织中，绿原酸增加铁死亡相关的蛋白表达，如SLC7A11和GPX4。结论：绿原酸具有通过SLC7A11/GPX4信号通路增强心脏功能，减少心肌细胞中的脂质过氧化、ROS水平和心肌细胞铁死亡的作用。这些结果为绿原酸的临床应用和心力衰竭的治疗提供了新的见解。

关键词：绿原酸心力衰竭铁死亡 H9c2心肌细胞中医药

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Architecture of the Graphics System for Embedded Real-Time Operating Systems

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2023年第3期28卷 541-551页

作者： alexander Giatsintov Kirill Mamrosenko Pavel Bazhenov Center of Visualization and Sattelite Information Technologies SRISA RASMoscow 117218Russia

This paper presents a new architecture of a graphics system for microkernel operating systems,including real-time operating *** following major parts of the architecture are presented:a user-level subsystem responsible for interaction with user applications;a bottom-level subsystem providing the functionality for graphics drivers,such as managing graphics output,video memory management,etc.;a kernel-level subsystem providing interaction with the kernel,and performing low-level operations,such as working with physical memory,processes,*** mechanisms of interaction of user applications with the user level of the graphics system,as well as interaction of the different levels of the graphics subsystem are *** paper pays much attention to various approaches to testing:the use of unit testing,testing using hardware and software *** important characteristic of a graphics system is its performance,in particular the performance of low-level operations such as memory allocation:the developed architecture suggests using a separate memory allocator which is faster than standard memory allocation *** of the performances of graphics system implementation for microkernel real-time operating system and graphics server Xorg is presented,showing significant superiority of the proposed architecture in a number of work scenarios.

关键词： operating system graphics system visualization system programming real-time operating system(RTOS) real-time

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How big can a walking fish be?A theoretical inference based on observations on four land-dwelling fish genera of South Vietnam

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 849-878页

作者： alexander N.KUZNETSOV Borissiak Paleontological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia

Comparative study of terrestrial locomotion of 4ﬁsh genera including Anabas,Channa,Clarias,and Monopterus,was performed in experimental setting with the substrate surface of wet *** special adaptations for terrestrial locomotion were ***ﬁsh uses for propulsion on land what it already ***-shaped Monopterus crawls by body undulations in a serpentine or sidewinding technique,the latter of which was not previously observed beyond *** other 3ﬁsh genera walk by body oscillations using stiff appendages as *** they are located anteriorly,as the serrate operculum in Anabas and the preaxial spine of the pectoralﬁn in Clarias,the propulsion is termed prolocomotor,when posteriorly,as the spiny analﬁn in Channa—*** is the heaviestﬁsh walking out of water in our days,quite comparable in size withﬁrst Devonian tetrapods Acan-thostega and Tulerpeton.A theoretical calculation is suggested for the upper size limit of aﬁsh capable of terrestrial walking without special locomotor *** should be roughly 20 cm in the vertical dimension of the trunk,which is just a little above the known size of Devonian tetrapodomorphﬁshes Panderichthys and *** metalocomotor walking technique of Channa is suggested as the closest extant model for terrestrial locomotion at theﬁsh-tetrapod *** major difference is that the metalocomotor propulsor in Channa is represented by the analﬁn,while in tetrapodomorphs by the pelvicﬁ*** sprawled pelvicﬁns were advantageous in respect of reduced requirement for side-to-side tail swinging.

关键词： ﬁsh-tetrapod transition metalocomotor propulsion prolocomotor propulsion snakehead

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