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Exploring van der Waals materials with high anisotropy:geometrical and optical approaches

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 645-653页

作者： Aleksandr S.Slavich Georgy A.Ermolaev Mikhail K.Tatmyshevskiy Adilet N.Toksumakov Olga G.Matveeva Dmitriy v.Grudinin Kirill v.voronin Arslan Mazitov Konstantin v.Kravtsov alexander v.Syuy Dmitry M.Tsymbarenko Mikhail S.Mironov Sergey M.Novikov ivan Kruglov Davit A.Ghazaryan Andrey A.vyshnevyy Aleksey v.Arsenin valentyn S.volkov Kostya S.Novoselov Moscow Center for Advanced Studies Kulakova str.20Moscow 123592Russia. Emerging Technologies Research Center XPANCEOInternet CityEmmay TowerDubaiUnited Arab Emirates. Donostia international Physics Center(DiPC) Donostia/San-Sebastián 20018Spain. institute of Materials Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland. Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia. Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia. National Graphene institute(NGi) University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK. Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 03-09 EASingapore. institute for Functional intelligent Materials National University of Singapore117544 SingaporeSingapore

The emergence of van der Waals(vdW)materials resulted in the discovery of their high optical,mechanical,and electronic anisotropic properties,immediately enabling countless novel phenomena and *** success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties among vdW ***,the identification of the most promising among the huge family of vdW materials is a challenging quest requiring innovative ***,we suggest an easy-to-use method for such a survey based on the crystallographic geometrical perspective of vdW materials followed by their optical *** our approach,we found As2S3 as a highly anisotropic vdW *** demonstrates high in-plane optical anisotropy that is~20%larger than for rutile and over two times as large as calcite,high refractive index,and transparency in the visible range,overcoming the century-long record set by *** these benefits,As2S3 opens a pathway towards nextgeneration nanophotonics as demonstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-wave plate that combines classical and the Fabry–Pérot optical phase ***,our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use method to find vdW materials with the utmost anisotropic properties.

关键词： anisotropy anisotropic high

Atherosclerosis originating from childhood:Specific features

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Journal of Biomedical Research 2024年第3期38卷 233-240页

作者： Anastasia v.Poznyak Alexey A.Yakovlev MikhailА.Popov Elena B.Zhigmitova vasily N.Sukhorukov alexander N.Orekhov institute for Atherosclerosis Research Moscow 121609Russia Federal Research and Clinical Center of intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology Moscow 109240Russia Department of Cardiac Surgery Moscow Regional Research and Clinical InstituteMoscow 129110Russia Laboratory of Angiopathology Institute of General Pathology and PathophysiologyMoscow 125315Russia

Atherosclerosis is extremely ***,it is considered a disease of older people,who most often experience problems with the heart and blood *** much attention from the scientific community has been paid to studying the association between aging and atherosclerosis,as well as its consequences,there is evidence that atherosclerosis occurs at an early *** may form both during intrauterine development and in *** plays an important role in childhood atherosclerosis,along with previous infectious diseases and excess weight of both the child and the *** the present review,we examined the development of atherosclerosis and the prerequisites in childhood.

关键词： atherosclerosis childhood pediatrics cardiovascular disease

A new perspective on intervertebral disc calcification—from bench to bedside

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 50-61页

作者： Emanuel J.Novais Rajkishen Narayanan Jose A.Canseco Koen van de Wetering Christopher K.Kepler Alan S.Hilibrand alexander R.vaccaro Makarand v.Risbud Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Unidade Local de Saúde do Litoral Alentejano Orthopedic DepartmentSantiago do CacémPortugal Rothman Orthopedic institute at Thomas Jefferson University PhiladelphiaPAUSA

Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck ***,there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis,ectopic calcification,herniation,or mixed *** these phenotypes,disc calcification is the least *** calcification,by definition,is the pathological mineralization of soft tissues,widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculature,skin,and ***,disc calcification is associated with poor surgical outcomes and back pain refractory to conservative *** is frequently seen as a consequence of disc aging and progressive degeneration but exhibits unique molecular and morphological characteristics:hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cell differentiation;TNAP,ENPP1,and ANK upregulation;cell death;altered Pi and PPi homeostasis;and local *** studies in mouse models have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this *** is essential to recognize that the presentation and nature of mineralization differ between AF,NP,and EP ***,the combination of anatomic location,genetics,and environmental stressors,such as aging or trauma,govern the predisposition to ***,the systemic regulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less important than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis,along with disc cell death and differentiation *** there is limited understanding of this phenotype,understanding the molecular pathways governing local intervertebral disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying drugs and better clinical management of degeneration-related pathologies.

关键词： degeneration metabolism intervertebral

Effects of site preparation methods on soil physical properties and outplanting success of coniferous seedlings in boreal forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 70-80页

作者： Aleksey S.ilintsev Elena N.Nakvasina alexander P.Bogdanov Northern Research institute of Forestry 13 Nikitova Str.Arkhangelsk 163062Russian Federation Department of Silviculture and Forest Management Northern(Arctic)Federal University Named After M.V.LomonosovSevernoy Dviny Emb.17Arkhangelsk 163002Russian Federation

This study assessed the effect of patch scarification and mounding on the physical properties of the root layer and the success of tree planting in various types of *** study was conducted on 12 forest sites in taiga forests of the European part of Russia.A total of 54 plots were set up to assess seedling survival;root collar diameter,height,and heigh increment were measured for 240 seedlings to assess *** the rooting layer,240 soil samples were taken to determine physical *** study showed that soil treatment methods had no effect on bulk density and total porosity in Cladina ***,reduced soil moisture was noted,particularly in mounds,resulting in increased *** Myrtillus sites,there were increased bulk density,reduced soil moisture,and total porosity in the *** treatment in Polytrichum sites resulted in reduced soil moisture and increased aeration *** the Myrtillus and Polytrichum sites,patch scarification had no effects on physical *** Polytrichum sites,survival rates,heights,and heigh increments of bareroot Norway spruce seedlings in mounds were higher than in patches;however,the same did not apply to *** Cladina and Myrtillus sites,there was no difference in growth for bareroot and containerised seedlings with different soil *** conditions and soil types should be considered when applying different soil treatment methods to ensure high survival rates and successful seedling growth.

关键词： Boreal forests Mechanical site preparation Patch scarification Mounding Soil properties Containerised seedlings Bareroot seedlings

Effect of sodium nitroprusside on the microrheological properties of red blood cells in di®erent media

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Journal of innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第5期17卷 23-31页

作者： Petr Ermolinskiy Matvey Maksimov Andrei Lugovtsov Alexey Muravyov irina Tikhomirova alexander Priezzhev Faculty of Physics M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991Russia Faculty of Physical Education K.D.Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Yaroslavl 150000 Russia Faculty of Natural Sciences K.D.Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Yaroslavl 150000 Russia

Red blood cell(RBC)aggregation as well as their deformation signi¯cantly affects blood *** processes depend on various factors,one of which is concentration of the nitric oxide,one of the main signaling molecule in the *** purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nitric oxide on the microrheological properties of red blood cells(RBCs)in RBC samples of various media after the addition of nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside in *** properties were measured using laser aggregometer and ektacytometer based on diffuse light scattering and diffraction of laser light on a suspension of RBCs,*** study found that heparin-stabilized blood showed increased RBC aggregation and deformation with sodium nitroprusside concentrations of 100,and 200M,while EDTA-stabilized blood showed slightly decreased aggregation and unchanged *** washed RBCs in dextran solution,the addition of sodium nitroprusside(in the concentrations of 100,and 200M)resulted in decreased aggregation and increased ***-ndings aid in our understanding of nitric oxide's effect on RBC microrheological properties.

关键词： Sodium nitroprusside nitric oxide red blood cells RBC aggregation diffuse light scattering laser diffractometer

A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth v.Fowler alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 132-144页

作者： Kerstin Köble Alexey Ershov Kangjun Duan Monja Schilling alexander Rampf Angelica Cecilia TomášFaragó Marcus Zuber Tilo Baumbach Roswitha Zeis Helmholtz institute Ulm Karlsruhe Institute of Technology89081 UlmGermany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Department of Electrical Electronicsand Communication EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Mechanical and industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G8OntarioCanada

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(vRFBs)causes severe efficiency ***,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is *** benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray *** large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HER activity in *** study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-200 m v *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt ***,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon *** detected areas with high HER activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HER-related performance *** described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,Ai-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

关键词： vanadium redox flow battery Synchrotron X-ray imaging Tomography Hydrogen evolution reaction Gas bubbles Deep learning

Life Origin in the Milky Way Galaxy: ii. Scanning for Habitable Stellar Systems on Behalf of Future Space Missions

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 681-692页

作者： alexander N. Safronov Obukhov institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DNA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DNA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DNA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DNA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (G2v). The closest to the solar system is the DNA-star with the number HiP 15510, which belongs to the G8v class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. Nine DNA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. it is identified that one of these nine stars, HiP 24681, has six planets.

关键词： interstellar Mission Stellar Abundance Habitability Hypatia Stellar Catalog DNA-Star

Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are reversed by active recovery

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： Giacomo valli Fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo Alessandro Del vecchio Martino v.Franchi Marco v.Narici Giuseppe De vito Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department Artificial intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:This study aimed to non-invasively test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the vastus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are reversed by active recovery(AR).Methods:Ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of *** ULLS,participants walked exclusively on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elevated *** AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/*** voluntary isometric contraction(MvC) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after *** were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current MvC,and individual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection ***:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately *** ULLS,MvC decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 variables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% *** MvC and MUs properties fully recovered to baseline levels after *** changes were observed in the pool of total as well as tracked ***:Our novel results demonstrate,non-invasively,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization ***,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline levels,highlighting the plas

关键词： Disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse Neural impairment Neuromuscular degeneration