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Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis of non-stoichiometry long-period-stacking-ordered structures in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 954-965页

作者： Yimeng Chen Manuel Legrée Jean-Louis Bobet alexander Kvit CAMECA Instruments Inc MadisonWI 53711USA ICMCB Universitéde BordeauxPessacCEDEX 33608France NIAC&Materials Science Department University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA

The long-period-stacking-ordered(LPSO)structure affects the mechanical,corrosion and hydrolysis properties of Mg *** current work employs high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)to investigate the structural and local chemical information of LPSO phases formed in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm ternary alloys after extended isothermal *** on the alloying elements and their concentrations,Mg-Ni-Y/Sm develops a two-phase LPSO+α-Mg structure in which the LPSO phase contains defects,hybrid LPSO structure,and Mg ***-STEM and APT indicate non-stoichiometric LPSO with incomplete Ni_(6)(Y/Sm)_(8) *** addition,the APT quantitatively determines the local composition of LPSO and confirms the presence of Ni within the Mg bonding *** results provide insight into a better understanding of the structure and hydrolysis properties of LPSO-Mg alloys.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Long.r.nge ordering Atom probe tomography(APT) STEM HAADF Hydrolysis properties.

New perspectives on biology,disease progression,and therapy response of head and neck cancer gained from single cell rNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics

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Oncology research 2024年第1期32卷 1-17页

作者： g.r.IN HELLEr THOrSTEN FUErEDEr alexander MICHAEL grANDITS rOTrAUD WIESEr Division of Oncology Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology Medical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is one of the most frequent cancers *** main risk factors are consumption of tobacco products and alcohol,as well as infection with human papilloma *** therapeutic options comprise surg.r.,radiation,chemotherapy,targeted therapy through epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition,and immunotherapy,but outcome has remained unsatisfactory due to recurrence rates of~50%and the frequent occurrence of second *** availability of the human genome sequence at the beginning of the millennium heralded the omics era,in which rapid technological progress has advanced our knowledge of the molecular biology of malignant diseases,including HNSCC,at an unprecedented ***,microarray-based methods,followed by approaches based on next-generation sequencing,were applied to study the genetics,epigenetics,and gene expression patterns of bulk *** recently,the advent of single-cell rNA sequencing(scrNAseq)and spatial transcriptomics methods has facilitated the investigation of the heterogeneity between and within different cell populations in the tumor microenvironment(e.g.,cancer cells,fibroblasts,immune cells,endothelial cells),led to the discovery of novel cell types,and advanced the discovery of cell-cell communication within *** review provides an overview of scrNAseq,spatial transcriptomics,and the associated bioinformatics methods,and summarizes how their application has promoted our understanding of the emergence,composition,progression,and therapy responsiveness of,and intercellular signaling within,HNSCC.

关键词： Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Tumor microenvironment Immunotherapy gene expression Omics

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison James g.Elkins Xin gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak ridge National Laboratory(OrNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

Cluster Analysis of the roma-BZCAT Blazars

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 117-139页

作者： Dmitry O.Kudryavtsev Yulia V.Sotnikova Vladislav A.Stolyarov Timur V.Mufakharov Valery V.Vlasyuk Marg.r.ta L.Khabibullina alexander g.Mikhailov Yulia V.Cherepkova Special Astrophysical Observatory of the russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Arkhyz 369167Russia Astrophysics group Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB3 OHEUK Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya StKazan 420008Russia

Based on the collected multiwavelength data, namely in the radio(NVSS, FIrST, rATAN-600), Ir(WISE),optical(Pan-STArrS), UV(gALEX), and X-ray(rOSAT, Swift-XrT) ranges, we have performed a cluster analysis for the blazars of the roma-BZCAT catalog. Using two machine learning methods, namely a combination of PCA with k-means clustering and Kohonen's self-organizing maps(SOMs), we have constructed an independent classification of the blazars(five classes) and compared the classes with the known roma-BZCAT classification(FSrQs, BL Lacs, galaxy-dominated BL Lacs, and blazars of an uncertain type) as well as with the high synchrotron peaked(HSP) blazars from the 3HSP catalog and blazars from the TeVCat catalog. The obtained groups demonstrate concordance with the BL Lac/FSrQ classification along with a continuous character of the change in the properties. The group of HSP blazars stands out against the overall distribution. We examine the characteristics of the five groups and demonstrate distinctions in their spectral energy distribution shapes. The effectiveness of the clustering technique for objective analysis of multiparametric arrays of experimental data is demonstrated.

关键词： methods data analysis-galaxies active-(galaxies:)BL Lacertae objects general

Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 132-144页

作者： Kerstin Köble Alexey Ershov Kangjun Duan Monja Schilling alexander rampf Angelica Cecilia TomášFaragó Marcus Zuber Tilo Baumbach roswitha Zeis Helmholtz Institute Ulm Karlsruhe Institute of Technology89081 UlmGermany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Department of Electrical Electronicsand Communication EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G8OntarioCanada

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HEr)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(VrFBs)causes severe efficiency ***,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is *** benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray *** large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HEr activity in *** study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-200 m V *** hydrogen electrode(rHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt ***,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon *** detected areas with high HEr activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larg.r.electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HEr-related performance *** described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,AI-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

关键词： Vanadium redox flow battery Synchrotron X-ray imaging Tomography Hydrogen evolution reaction gas bubbles Deep learning

Life Origin in the Milky Way galaxy: II. Scanning for Habitable Stellar Systems on Behalf of Future Space Missions

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Journal of High Energy Physics, gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 681-692页

作者： alexander N. Safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DNA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DNA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DNA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DNA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (g2V). The closest to the solar system is the DNA-star with the number HIP 15510, which belongs to the g8V class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. Nine DNA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. It is identified that one of these nine stars, HIP 24681, has six planets.

关键词： Interstellar Mission Stellar Abundance Habitability Hypatia Stellar Catalog DNA-Star

Praseodymium metal nanorods as a 5-fluorouracil carrier

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Journal of rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1328-1336,I0005页

作者： Varnitha Manikantan govindaraj Sri Varalakshmi Ujma Ashapak Tamboli Archana Sumohan Pillai Aleyamma alexander Anushka Lucas Bose Allben Akash Israel V.M.V.Enoch Centre for Nanoscience and genomics Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences(Deemed University)Coimbatore641114Tamil NaduIndia Department of Applied Chemistry Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences(Deemed University)Coimbatore641114Tamil NaduIndia

Interest in metal nanoparticles as nanoscale drug-carrying vehicles has been *** such an aspect,lanthanide metal nanoparticles are particularly ***,we report praseodymium nanoparticles as a novel anticancer therapeutic transporting *** material was made as a composite with the supramolecular host polymer,poly-β-*** praseodymium nanorods were characterized using standard analytical techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XrD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and thermogravimetric analysis(TgA).In addition,they were imaged using transmission electron *** nanostructures are a long.r.d-shaped material with 2.0±0.1μm in length and 230±10 nm in *** material shows a saturation magnetization value above 30 emu/g with a coercivity value of 130 *** nanocarrier is freighted with the drug 5-fluorouracil,and the encapsulation efficiency is 76.09%.The drug.r.lease is continuous from the nanocarrier(polymer-containing praseodymium nanoparticles)and proceeds for above 250 *** in vitro cytotoxicities of the blank nanocarrier and the 5-fluorouracil-loaded one are deduced by testing them on MCF-7 and Vero(non-cancerous)cell *** cytotoxicity on the cancerous cell lines is observed,whereas the non-cancerous cells are *** IC_(50)values on the cell lines are reported.

关键词： Metal nanoparticles Praseodymium Poly-cyclodextrin Drug delivery Anticancer activity rare earths

Circular polarization-selective optical,photothermal,and optofluidic effects in chiral metasurfaces

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Photonics research 2024年第2期12卷 331-340页

作者： CUIPINg MA PENg YU ZHIMIN JINg YISONg ZHU PEIHANg LI WENHAO WANg HONgXINg XU YANNINg ZHANg LIANg PAN TAE-YOUL CHOI ArUP NEOgI alexander OgOVOrOV ZHIMINg WANg Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore School of Physics and Technology Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North TexasDentonTexas 76207USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOhio 45701USA

Circular dichroism (CD) is extensively used in various material systems for applications including biological detection,enantioselective catalysis,and chiral *** paper introduces a chiral absorptive metasurface that exhibits a circular polarization-selective effect in dual bands-positive and negative CD peaks at short wavelengths and long wavelengths,***,we uncover that this phenomenon extends beyond the far-field optical response,as it is also observed in the photothermal effect and the dynamics of thermally induced fluid *** carefully engineering the metasurface design,we achieve two distinct CD signals with high g factors (1) at the wavelengths of 877 nm and 1045 nm,*** findings presented in this study advance our comprehension of CD and offer promising prospects for enhancing chiral light–matter interactions in the domains of nanophotonics and optofluidics.

关键词： chiral catalysis circular

Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity

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Bone research 2024年第1期12卷 180-198页

作者： Morten S.Hansen Kaja Madsen Maria Price Kent Søe Yasunori Omata Mario M.Zaiss Caroline M.g.r.in Morten Frost alexander rauch Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory(KMEB) Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Clinical research Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Clinical Cell Biology Pathology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Institute of Metabolism and Systems research(IMSr)and Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism(CEDAM)University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Centre for Membrane Proteins and receptors(COMPArE) Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamBirmingham B152TTUK Department of Molecular Medicine University of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Orthopedic Surg.r. Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Department of Internal Medicine 3 Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie(DZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark

Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis,which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone *** novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed,understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment *** study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast *** were differentiated from CD14+monocytes from eight female *** sequencing during differentiation revealed 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across *** patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on rNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density *** analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional *** donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage,such as filamin B(FLNB)and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(OLr1,encoding LOX-1),that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature *** expression of differentially expressed g-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation,and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density SNPs,suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and *** regulatory effects of three differentially expressed g-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1(C5Ar1),somatostatin receptor 2(SSTr2),and free fatty acid receptor 4(FFAr4/g.r.20).Activating C5Ar1 enhanced osteoclast formation,while activating SSTr2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts,and activating FFAr4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature *** conclus

关键词： osteoclast programming identif