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长期口服小剂量阿司匹林不能预防健康女性患2型糖尿病

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药品评价 2009年第4期6卷 155-155页

作者： Pradhan AD cook Nr Manson JE

慢性无临床症状的炎症与2型糖尿病的发生有关，流行病学资料认为这种关联在妇女表现得更为强烈。虽然小型临床研究显示短期口服大剂量阿司匹林具有明显的降糖效果，但是并没有随机试验直接评估临床可接受的剂量的阿司匹林预防糖尿病的... 详细信息

慢性无临床症状的炎症与2型糖尿病的发生有关，流行病学资料认为这种关联在妇女表现得更为强烈。虽然小型临床研究显示短期口服大剂量阿司匹林具有明显的降糖效果，但是并没有随机试验直接评估临床可接受的剂量的阿司匹林预防糖尿病的效果。在美国一项随机、双盲、安慰剂-对照的女性健康研究（Women＇s Health Study）中，38716名45岁以上的且无临床糖尿病的健康女性随机口服小剂量的阿司匹林（n=19326）或安慰剂（n=19390），

关键词：小剂量阿司匹林 2型糖尿病健康女性长期口服预防临床症状流行病学资料随机试验

22-gauge core vs 22-gauge aspiration needle for endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of abdominal masses

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第39期22卷 8820-8830页

作者： William Sterlacci Athanasios D Sioulas Lothar Veits Pervin G?nüllü Guido Schachschal Stefan Groth Mario Anders Christos K Kontos Theodoros Topalidis Andrea Hinsch Michael Vieth Thomas r?sch Ulrike W Denzer Institute of Pathology Clinic of Bayreuth Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Athens Institute of Pathology Institute of Pathology University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf

AIM To compare the aspiration needle(AN) and core biopsy needle(PC) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) of abdominal *** Consecutive patients referred for EUS-FNA were included in this prospective single-center trial. Each patient underwent a puncture of the lesion with both standard 22-gauge(G) AN(Echo Tip Ultra; cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, United States) and the novel 22 G PC(Echo Tip Pro Core; cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, United States) in a randomized fashion; histology was attempted in the PC group only. The main study endpoint was the overall diagnostic accuracy, including the contribution of histology to the final diagnosis. Secondary outcome measures included material adequacy, number of needle passes, and *** Fifty six consecutive patients(29 men; mean age 68 years) with pancreatic lesions(n = 38), lymphadenopathy(n = 13), submucosal tumors(n = 4), or others lesions(n = 1) underwent EUS-FNA using both of the needles in a randomized order. AN and PC reached similar overall results for diagnostic accuracy(AN: 88.9 vs PC: 96.1, P = 0.25), specimen adequacy(AN: 96.4% vs PC: 91.1%, P = 0.38), mean number of passes(AN: 1.5 vs PC: 1.7, P = 0.14), mean cellularity score(AN: 1.7 vs PC: 1.1, P = 0.058), and complications(none). A diagnosis on the basis of histology was achieved in the PC group in 36(64.3%) patients, and in 2 of those as the sole modality. In patients with available histology the mean cellularity score was higher for AN(AN: 1.7 vs PC: 1.0, P = 0.034); no other differences were of statistical *** Both needles achieved high overall diagnostic yields and similar performance characteristics for cytological diagnosis; histological analysis was only possible in 2/3 of cases with the new needle.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Cytology Fine needle aspiration Abdominal tumors Core biopsy needle

Identifying Links between Ecosystem Services and Aboriginal Well-Being and Livelihoods in North Australia： Applying the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第7期5卷 931-946页

作者： K.K. Sangha J.r.A. Butler A. Delisle O. Stanley School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University Townsville 4811 Queensland Australia CSIrO Ecosystem Sciences and Sustainable Agriculture Flagship EcoSciences Precinct Brisbane 4001 QLD Australia School of Business James Cook University Townsville 4811 Queensland Australia

The livelihoods and well-being of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities in remote and rural northern Australia are dependent upon the ecosystem services provided by tropical ecosystems. The well-being of all Australian citizens is measured by the Australia Bureau of Statistics （ABS） using socio-economic indicators. In this study we investigated the importance of non-market benefits derived from ecosystem services for Aboriginal well-being. Through a case study with the Mullunburra-Yidinji people in the Wet Tropics, Queensland, we applied the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment （MA） framework to identify the links between ecosystem services and the MA＇s six constituents of human well-being. The study demonstrated that cultural and provisioning services were key determinants of community well-being, and these are not currently measured by the ABS. We adapt the MA framework to include the ABS indicators and explore the potential strengths and weaknesses of the approach for measuring the well-being of contemporary remote and rural Aboriginal communities.

关键词： Aboriginal people ecosystem services gender human well-being livelihoods millennium ecosystem assessment.

Purchasing Patterns and Consumer Level Waste of Fruits and Vegetables in Urban and Peri-Urban Centers in the Philippines

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 961-977页

作者： Elda B. Esguerra Dormita r. del Carmen rosa S. rolle Postharvest Horticulture Training and research Center College of Agriculture and Food Science University of the Philippines Los Banos Laguna Philippines Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy

Fruits and vegetables are inherently perishable hence they are considered as one of the most wasted categories of food. While several studies have been conducted to assess consumer level waste of fruits and vegetables, few have been conducted in developing countries like the Philippines. A survey, using a pre-tested questionnaire, and involving 500 respondents, was conducted in selected urban and peri-urban areas in the Philippines, to ascertain consumer level fruit and vegetable waste. The quantities of fruits and vegetables wasted by supermarket shoppers and those who purchased fruits in wet markets were comparably low at 3% - 4%. This low level of consumer fruit and vegetable waste was attributed to the small quantities (250 to 500 grams per purchase) purchased by consumers in both categories of markets. Consumer level fruit and vegetable waste, showed a positive correlation to household size. The level of fruit waste was positively related to household income, and negatively related to shopper’s age. Consumers who shopped in supermarkets, purchased larger quantities of fruit when compared to those who shopped in wet markets. Wet market shoppers on the other hand, purchased large quantities of vegetables. Decay, and quality loss manifested by shriveling, wilting, toughening, browning and softening were the main characteristics of fruits and vegetables discarded by consumers. The underlying causes of this waste, cited by respondents included “forgot to eat”, “poor quality”, “forgot to cook” and “overbuying”. Consumer efforts to minimize waste include buying enough for consumption, consuming or using immediately after purchase, planning their menus, improving storage and purchasing produce that is of good quality.

关键词： Fruit and Vegetable Waste Supermarket Wet Market

The BMJ将选登NIHr研究通讯为忙碌的临床医生们撰写的一个新系列精选研究摘要

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第7期23卷 362-363页

作者： Sophie cook Tara Lamont rob cook Tansy Evans Peter Davidson 施文(译) 严雪敏(校) The BMJ LondonUK NIHr Dissemination Centre University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK 中国医学科学院北京协和医院消化内科

医疗保健决策对每个人来说是复杂而不同的。应对不确定性并提供高质量个体化治疗决策的关键是需要与时俱进地了解新的研究成果和指南。临床医生和患者都亟需强大的摘要和快捷的途径,以帮助将新的研究成果纳入到更广泛的临床证据和指南中。

关键词：医疗保健临床医生临床证据个体化治疗不确定性研究成果决策与时俱进

Narrative review of risuteganib for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

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Annals of Eye Science 2021年第4期6卷 40-48页

作者： Mark A.Solinski Veena r.raiji Department of Ophthalmology Loyola University Medical CenterMaywoodILUSA Department of Ophthalmology Cook County Health and Hospitals SystemChicagoILUSA

Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a leading cause of blindness *** most commonly affects older individuals and is characterized by irreversible degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and neurosensory ***,there are limited treatment options for dry AMD outside of lifestyle modification and nutrient ***[Luminate(ALG-1001),Allegro Ophthalmics,CA,USA]is an intravitreally administered inhibitor of integrin heterodimersαVβ3,αVβ5,α5β1,andαMβ*** is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of dry AMD and diabetic macular edema(DME).Preclinical studies have shown that risuteganib has an effect on the pathways for angiogenesis,inflammation,and vascular *** clinical trials have had promising results showing improvements in patient best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and reduced central macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT).There is a pressing need for treatments for dry AMD and while risuteganib appears to have a potential benefit for patients,more data are needed before one can truly evaluate its *** narrative review provides a concise summary of the most up to date data regarding the proposed mechanism of action of risuteganib in the treatment of nonexudative AMD and DME as well as the results from recent phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials.

关键词： risuteganib integrin inhibitor dry age-related macular degeneration(dry AMD) non-exudative age-related macular degeneration(non-exudative AMD)

南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域的锰结核丰度变化及其控制因素(英文)

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青岛海洋大学学报（自然科学版） 1989年第1期19卷 50-59页

作者：林振宏 D.S.Cronan r.A.Hodkinson 青岛海洋大学海洋地质系英国帝国理工学院地质系

太平洋南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域广泛分布锰结核。锰结核丰度变化从0.17公斤/米~2到31.2公斤/米~2,其中大于20公斤/米~2、15—10公斤/米~2和10—5公斤/米~2的站位分别为3.4％、13.8％和24％。锰结核大小从1厘米以下到10厘米,但多数直... 详细信息

太平洋南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域广泛分布锰结核。锰结核丰度变化从0.17公斤/米~2到31.2公斤/米~2,其中大于20公斤/米~2、15—10公斤/米~2和10—5公斤/米~2的站位分别为3.4％、13.8％和24％。锰结核大小从1厘米以下到10厘米,但多数直径在2—6厘米之间。锰结核的丰度变化与中结核(2—6厘米)的含量呈正比。结核分布和水深有关,以5000～5400米深度最为富集。在南纬5～9°的南部区多数丰度超过10公斤/米~2。控制南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域锰结核丰度变化的主要因素是沉积速率、碳酸盐补偿深度和浊流。

关键词：锰结核丰度海洋地球化学

Liver transplant in primary sclerosing cholangitis:Current trends and future directions

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世界肝病学杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第8期15卷 939-953页

作者： Yash r Shah Natalia Nombera-Aznaran David Guevara-Lazo Ernesto Calderon-Martinez Angad Tiwari SriLakshmiDevi Kanumilli Purva Shah Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam Hassam Ali Dushyant Singh Dahiya Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health OaklandPontiacMI 48341United States Faculty of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 15102Peru Department of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad De Mexico 04510Mexico Department of Internal Medicine Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical CollegeJhansi 284001India Department of Internal Medicine GSL Medical CollegeRajamahendravaram 533296India Department of Postgraduate Education Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States Department of Internal Medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Internal Medicine East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is a chronic and progressive immunemediated cholangiopathy causing biliary tree inflammation and scarring,leading to liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver *** of PSC is challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms and overlap with other liver *** the rising incidence of PSC,there is no proven medical therapy that can alter the natural history of the *** liver transplantation(LT)is the most effective approach for managing advanced liver disease caused by PSC,post-transplantation recurrence of PSC remains a ***,ongoing research aims to develop better therapies for PSC,and continued efforts are necessary to improve outcomes for patients with *** article provides an overview of PSC’s pathogenesis,clinical presentation,and management options,including LT trends and future *** also highlights the need for improved therapeutic options and ethical considerations in providing equitable access to LT for patients with ***,the impact of liver transplant on the quality of life and psychological outcomes of patients with PSC is *** research into PSC’s pathogenesis and post-transplant recurrence is crucial for improved understanding of the disease and more effective treatment options.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Liver transplantation Management Psychosocial outcomes Pathogenesis

用于治疗新生冠状动脉病变,以聚合物为基础的紫杉醇洗脱支架优于非聚合物基础的紫杉醇洗脱支架

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第3期3卷 31-32页

作者： Iofina E. Langenberg r. Blindt r. r.Hoffmann 杜媛 Dr.The Medical Clinic I University Aachen Aachen Germany

虽然有聚合物涂层的冠状动脉支架可负载足够的药物,且可使所携药物足量释放,但目前关于该类支架的可能不良反应尚未可知。本研究比较了置入以聚合物为基础的紫杉醇洗脱支架(PES)与非聚合物基础PES的患者其临床、血管造影以及血管内超声(... 详细信息

虽然有聚合物涂层的冠状动脉支架可负载足够的药物,且可使所携药物足量释放,但目前关于该类支架的可能不良反应尚未可知。本研究比较了置入以聚合物为基础的紫杉醇洗脱支架(PES)与非聚合物基础PES的患者其临床、血管造影以及血管内超声(IVUS)的资料。

关键词：紫杉醇洗脱支架冠状动脉病冠状动脉支架血管内超声造影随访靶病变血运重建血管造影不良心脏事