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Fatty liver disease in severe obese patients:Diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasound

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第9期14卷 1415-1418页

作者： alessandro de moura almeida Helma Pinchemel Cotrim Daniel Batista Valente Barbosa Luciana Gordilho Matteoni de Athayde Adimeia Souza Santos Almir Galvo Vieira Bitencourt Luiz Antonio Rodrigues de Freitas Adriano Rios Erivaldo Alves Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Universidade Federal da Bahia SalvadorBahia 41830-020Brasil Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBahia 41830-020Brasil Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Universidade Federal da Bahia SalvadorBahia 41830-020Brasil Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBahia 41830-020 Brasil Núcleo de Cirurgia da Obesidade SalvadorBahia 41830-020Brasil

AIM:To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of abdominal ultrasound (US) for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in severe obese subjects and its relation to histological grade of steatosis. METHODS: A consecutive series of obese patients, who underwent bariatric surgery from October 2004 to May 2005, was selected. Ultrasonography was performed in all patients as part of routine preoperative time and an intraoperative wedge biopsy was obtained at the beginning of the bariatric surgery. The US and histological findings of steatosis were compared, considering histology as the gold standard. RESULTS: The study included 105 patients. The mean age was 37.2 ± 10.6 years and 75.2% were female. The histological prevalence of steatosis was 89.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of US in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis were, respectively, 64.9% (95% CI: 54.9-74.3) and 90.9% (95% CI: 57.1-99.5). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were, respectively, 98.4% (95% CI: 90.2-99.9) and 23.3% (95% CI: 12.3-39.0). The presence of steatosis onUS was associated to advanced grades of steatosis on histology (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Preoperative abdominal US in our series has not shown to be an accurate method for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in severe obese patients. Until another non-invasive method demonstrates better sensitivity and specificity values, histological evaluation may be recommended to these patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

关键词： Bariatric surgery Obesity Hepatic steatosis Abdominal ultrasound diagnosis Fatty liver

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in asymptomatic Brazilian adolescents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第4期15卷 473-477页

作者： Raquel Rocha Helma Pinchemel Cotrim Almir Galvo Vieira Bitencourt Daniel Batista Valente Barbosa Adméia Souza Santos alessandro de moura almeida Bruno Cunha Isabel Guimares Postgraduate Course in Medicine and Health Federal University of BahiaSchool of Medicine Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine NASH Project University Hospital Professor Edgard SantosFederal University of Bahia

AIM： To evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） among asymptomatic Brazilian adolescents. METHODS： Transversal observational study included asymptomatic adolescents with central obesity from private and public schools in Salvador-Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The children answered a questionnaire that in- cluded age, gender, race, and medical history, and were submitted to a complete physical exam and abdominal ultrasound. Biochemical exams included： ALT, AST, GGT, C reactive protein （CRP）, fasting glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides. Criteria for NAFLD included： the presence of steatosis in ultrasound and/or high level of ALT, negative or occasional historic of intake of alcohol （4 140 g/wk）, negative investigation for hepatitis A, B, C, auto-immune hepatitis, Wilson disease and ***： From October, 2005 to October, 2006, the study included 1801 subjects between 11 and 18 years of age and a mean age of 13.7± 2.0 years. One hun- dred ninety-nine had central obesity. The prevalence of NAFLD was 2.3%, most of whom were male and white. Insulin resistance （IR） was observed in 22.9% of them and had positive correlations with ALT and GGT （P 〈 0.05）. Elevated CRP was observed in 6.9% of the cases; however, it was not associated with WC, IR or liver enzymes. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of NAFLD in Brazilian adolescents was low. The ethnicity may have influence this frequency in the population studied, which had a large proportion of African descendents.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Insulinresistance Central obesity Ethnicity Adolescents

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Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are reversed by active recovery

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： Giacomo Valli Fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo alessandro del Vecchio Martino V.Franchi Marco V.Narici Giuseppe de Vito department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:This study aimed to non-invasively test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the vastus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are reversed by active recovery(AR).Methods:Ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of *** ULLS,participants walked exclusively on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elevated *** AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/*** voluntary isometric contraction(MVC) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after *** were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current MVC,and individual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection ***:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately *** ULLS,MVC decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 variables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% *** MVC and MUs properties fully recovered to baseline levels after *** changes were observed in the pool of total as well as tracked ***:Our novel results demonstrate,non-invasively,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization ***,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline levels,highlighting the plas

关键词： Disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse Neural impairment Neuromuscular degeneration

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Conformational dynamics as an intrinsic determinant of prion protein misfolding and neurotoxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2095-2096页

作者： alessandro Cembran Pedro Fernandez-Funez department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota DuluthDuluthMNUSA department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical SchoolDuluth CampusDuluthMNUSA

The prion protein(PrP) is the key molecular and pathological mediator of prion diseases,a heterogeneous group of brain disorders with fatal *** diseases are rare but deserve special attention because of their unique f... 详细信息

关键词： folding intrinsic dynamics

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Beyond functional MRI signals:molecular and cellular modifiers of the functional connectome and cognition

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 937-938页

作者： Lorenzo Pini alessandro Salvalaggio Maurizio Corbetta Padova Neuroscience Center University of PadovaItaly Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine VIMMPadovaItaly department of Neuroscience University of PadovaItaly

Our brain is constantly *** at rest,the brain carries out essential functions such as maintenance of resting potentials,subthreshold synaptic activity,and spiking activity related to information *** resting activity can be assessed with several in vivo tools,such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance *** technique measures subtle changes in blood flow,volume,and oxygenation that occur over *** vascular in nature,resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is considered a reliable proxy of neural activity and several studies have shown that the brain is functionally divided into interacting neural networks called the“functional connectome”.

关键词： functional neural measures

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Pediatric stricturing Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1651-1654页

作者： alessandro Boscarelli Matteo Bramuzzo department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS“Burlo Garofolo”Trieste 34137Italy department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Nutrition Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS"Burlo Garofolo"Trieste 34137Italy

Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive *** incidence of pediatric CD is increasing and is currently 2.5-11.4 per 100000 ***,approximately 25%of children with CD develop stricturing CD(SCD)that requires *** stricturing diseases refractory to pharmacological management frequently require non-pharmacological ***-pharmacological therapeutic strategies include endoscopic balloon dilatation,stricturoplasty,and surgical resection of the strictured ***,strictures tend to recur postoperatively regardless of treatment *** lifetime risk of surgery in patients with childhood SCD remains at 50%-90%.Thus,new and emerging strategies,advanced diagnostic tools,and minimally invasive approaches are under investigation to improve the outcomes and overall quality of life of pediatric patients with SCD.

关键词： Stricturing Crohn’s disease Pediatrics Insights Future perspectives

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Non-anatomical liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma:the SegSubTe classification to overcome the problem of heterogeneity

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 265-271页

作者： Mattia Garancini alessandro Fogliati Mauro alessandro Scotti Cristina Ciulli Francesca Carissimi Antonio Rovere Luca Gianotti Fabrizio Romano Unit of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery Department of SurgeryASST-MonzaSan Gerardo HospitalUniversity of Milano-Bicoccavia Pergolesi 33MonzaMB 20052Italy Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyASST-MonzaSan Gerardo HospitalMilano-Bicocca Universityvia Pergolesi 33MonzaMB 20052Italy

Background:The superiority of anatomical resection(AR)***-anatomical resection(NAR)in the surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is *** are well-defined procedures,whereas the lack of NAR standardization results in heterogeneous *** study aimed to introduce the SegSubTe classification for NAR detailing the appropriateness of the level of surgical section of the Glissonean pedicles feeding the ***:A single-center retrospective analysis of pre-and postoperative imaging of consecutive patients treated with NAR for single HCC between 2012 and 2020 was *** quality of surgery was assessed classifying the type of vascular supply and the level of surgical section(segmental,subsegmental or terminal next to the tumor)of vascular pedicles feeding the HCCs;then,the population was divided in“SegSubTe-IN”or“SegSubTe-OUT”groups,and the tumor recurrence and survival were ***:Ninety-seven patients who underwent NAR were included;76%were SegSubTe-IN and 24%were *** disease recurrence,local recurrence and cut-edge recurrence in the SegSubTe-IN ***-OUT groups were 50%vs.83%(P=0.006),20%vs.52%(P=0.003)and 16%vs.39%(P=0.020),***-OUT odds ratio for local recurrence was 4.1 at univariate regression ***-,three-,and five-year disease-free survival rates in the SegSubTe-IN ***-OUT groups were 81%,58%and 35%vs.46%,21%and 11%,respectively(P<0.001).Conclusions:The SegSubTe classification is a useful tool to stratify and standardize NAR for HCC,aiming at improving long-term oncological outcomes and reducing the heterogeneity of quality of NAR for HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Intraoperative ultrasound Liver surgery Computed tomography Surgical procedure

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Optimal orbit transfer of single-tether E-sail with inertially fixed spin axis

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Astrodynamics 2024年第2期8卷 285-295页

作者： alessandro A.Quarta Marco Bassetto Giovanni Mengali department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of PisaPisa I-56122Italy

This study analyzes the optimal transfer trajectory of a spacecraft propelled by a spinstabilized electric solar wind sail(E-sail)with a single conducting tether and a spin axis with a fixed direction in an inertial(heliocentric)reference *** approach proposed in this study is useful for rapidly analyzing the optimal transfer trajectories of the current generation of small spacecraft designed to obtain in-situ evidence of the E-sail propulsion *** this context,starting with the recently proposed thrust model for a single-tether E-sail,this study discusses the optimal control law and performance in a typical two-dimensional interplanetary transfer by considering the(binary)state of the onboard electron emitter as the single control *** resulting spacecraft heliocentric trajectory is a succession of Keplerian arcs alternated with propelled arcs,that is,the phases in which the electron emitter is switched *** particular,numerical simulations demonstrated that a single-tether E-sail with an inertially fixed spin axis can perform a classical mission scenario as a circle-to-circle two-dimensional transfer by suitably varying a single control parameter.

关键词： electric solar wind sail(E-sail) single conducting tether fixed inertial spin axis trajectory optimization circle-to-circle coplanar transfer

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Non-invasive prenatal testing can detect silent cancers in expecting mothers

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 585-588页

作者： alessandro Ottaiano Monica Ianniello Nadia Petrillo Mariachiara Santorsola Luigia de Falco Salvatore Giovanni Castaldi Maria Antonietta Castaldi Valentina Giudice Carmine Selleri Giovanni Savarese Unit of Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases Istituto Nazionale Tumori di NapoliIRCCS “G.Pascale”Via Mariano SemmolaNapoli 80131Italy AMES Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRLVia Padre Carmine Fico 24Casalnuovo Di Napoli 80013Italy Specialization School of Clinical Pathology Università degli Studi di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 132Fisciano 84084Italy Unit of High-Risk Pregnancy and Prenatal Diagnosis University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona”Via San LeonardoSalerno 84125Italy Hematology and Transplant Center University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona”Via San LeonardoSalerno 84125Italy department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry“Scuola Medica Salernitana”Via Salvador Allende 43Baronissi 84081Italy

Pregnancy is a unique physiological state in which several changes *** of the most important aspects is the maternal immune system,which sets to tolerate the presence of thedeveloping fetus(a semi-allogeneic organism),while at the same time providing protection against pathogens.1 Pregnancy has long been known to affect the risk of certain cancers including breast cancer in the short term,gestational trophoblastic disease(GTD),cervical cancer,and melanoma.2,3 The reasons for the increased risk of these cancers during pregnancy are not fully understood,but several hypotheses have been proposed as the hormonal and immune system changes.

关键词： mother cancers fetus

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A comprehensive review on the processing-property relationships of laser strengthened magnesium

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 1-34页

作者： alessandro M.Ralls Aaksheta Agnel Pradeep L.Menezes department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada RenoRenoNV 89557United States

Among the existing series of softer metals,magnesium(Mg)has attracted much attention due to its impressive strength-to-weight ***,due to its ease of deformability,Mg tends to suffer from rapid degradation in a wide variety of abrasive and electrochemical *** method of improving its surface properties is through surface modification *** the existing techniques,laser shock peening(LSP)has been one of the most widely utilized processes due to its surface-hardening-like *** this understanding,a comprehensive review has yet to exist that encapsulates the strengthening mechanism of LSP for Mg and its influence in degradation *** review aims to encapsulate the existing research around the LSP field for ***,an understanding of the surface-strengthening effects in relation to its mechanical,tribological,corrosion,and tribo-corrosion characteristics is ***,the feasibility of LSP for Mg materials in critical industries is also *** this work,a novel understanding of LSP for Mg can be understood,which can provide a future direction for research in this field.

关键词： Laser shock peening Magnesium Surface deformation Tribology Microstructure

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