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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 793-802页

作者： alemayehu balcha South Agricultural Research Institute Hawassa Agricultural Research Centre Hawassa Ethiopia

Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)Trotter]) is one of the most important cereal crops grown in Ethiopia. Tef production has been partly constrained by low yield and less stability of the genotypes under cultivation. Field experiments were carried out in Halaba, Loka Abaya, Bensa and Areka, South Ethiopia, from August to November, during 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons, in order to estimate yield stability and the association between AMMI analysis and other stability parameters. Experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications using fourteen improved tef genotypes. Mean yield for Halaba, Loka Abaya2016, Loka Abaya2017, Bensa, Areka2016 and Areka2017 was 0.99, 0.45, 0.48, 1.50, 1.62 and 0.77 tons/ha, respectively. Genotypes Amarach, Boset, Simada, and Tseday exhibited high mean yield of 1.09, 1.10, 1.07 and 1.07 tons/ha, respectively. AMMI stability value (ASV) ranged from 0.17 (genotype Lakech) to 1.40 (Amarach);yield stability index (YSI) from 7 (Lakech) to 25 (Quncho);and superiority measure (Pi) from 0.015 (Boset) to 0.145 (Dega Tef). Rank correlation of yield with Pi

Genotype by Environment Interaction for Grain Yield and Association among Stability Parameters in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 1-10页

作者： alemayehu balcha South Agricultural Research Institute Hawassa Agricultural Research Centre Hawassa Ethiopia

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is most important cereal crop in Ethiopia. Lack of genotypes with wide stability across environments has been one of the most important constraints of wheat production in the country. Field experiments were conducted in Halaba and Bule, South Ethiopia, in 2016 and 2017, in order to estimate grain yield stability and association among stability parameters. Fifteen improved bread wheat genotypes were grown under randomized complete block design with three replications. Mean yield for Halaba 2016, Halaba 2017, Bule 2016 and Bule 2017 was 3.83, 1.89, 2.90 and 3.59 tons/ha, respectively. Genotypes Lemu (3.25 tons/ha) and Mandoyu (3.18 tons/ha) had high mean yield, and low values of environmental variance (S2i), coefficient of variation (CVi), stability variance (δ2i), ecovalence (Wi) and deviation from regression (S2di). Genotypes Biqa (3.69 tons/ha) and Shorima (3.66 tons/ha) had high mean yield, coefficient of regression (bi) and coefficient of determination (R2i ≥ 0.94) as well as low values of δ2i, Wi and S2di. Grain yield had positive rank correlation with bi (r = 0.75, p 2i (r = 0.70, p δ2i, Wi and S2di was high (r ≥ 0.98, p , Mandoyu and Hidase, and Biqa and Shorima would be recommended for wide adaption, and for more favorable environments, respectively. It could also be suggested that one of Wi, δ2i, S2di and rank sum would be used for ranking of genotypes.

关键词： Grain Yield Stability Rank Correlations Bread Wheat Triticum aestivum

Effect of Phosphorus Rates and Varieties on Grain Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Phosphorus Efficiency of Tef [Eragrostis tef(Zucc.) Trotter]

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第3期5卷 262-267页

作者： alemayehu balcha Department of Plant Science College of Agriculture Wolaita Sodo University Wolaita Sodo Ethiopia

Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the major cereal crop in Ethiopia. Increasing tef yield requires improving soil phosphorus (P) supply and identifying P efficient varieties. An experiment was conducted at Wenago, Ethiopia, from May to August, 2011, during the main cropping season, to investigate the role of P supply in relation to grain yield, nutrient uptake (N, P, Ca and K) and P efficiency, and to investigate varietal differences for these parameters using four P rates (0, 3, 6 and 9 g/m2 P2O5) as main plots and three tef varieties (DZ-Cr-37, DZ-Cr-82, and DZ-Cr-255) as subplots in split-plot design with three replications. For respective 0, 3, 6 and 9 g/m2 P2O5, grain yield was 84, 203, 215 and 218 g/m2, total biomass 586, 897, 971 and 1016 g/m2, and harvest index 0.14, 0.23, 0.22 and 0.22. For respective variety DZ-Cr-37, DZ-Cr-82, and DZ-Cr-255, grain yield was 194, 182 and 163 g/m2, total biomass 810, 922 and 871 g/m2, and harvest index 0.24, 0.19 and 0.18. Total plant nutrients (g/m2) for respective 0, 3, 6 and 9 g/m2 P2O5 were N 3.92, 7.95, 9.49 and 10.80, P 0.57, 1.20, 1.49 and 1.66, calcium 0.16, 0.27, 0.38 and 0.45, and K 4.45, 7.96, 9.70 and 10.50. For respective 3, 6 and 9 g/m2 P2O5, P physiological efficiency (PE) was 224, 153 and 127, apparent recovery (AR) 0.49, 0.36 and 0.28, and agronomic efficiency (AE) 92, 50 and 35. For respective variety DZ-Cr-37, DZ-Cr-82 and DZ-Cr-255, PE was 248, 130 and 126, AR 0.28, 0.44 and 0.41, and AE 68, 57 and 51. The present experiment suggests that excess P supply beyond 3 g/m2 could result in low grain yield increase and low P recovery requiring soil P assessment prior to fertilizer application. Moreover, variety DZ-Cr-37 may be incorporated in the future breeding programs for P efficiency in tef.

关键词： Tef Eragrostis Tef Phosphorus Grain Yield Nutrient Uptake P Efficiency

Genetic Variation for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Tef [Eragrostis tef(Zucc.)Trotter] under Moisture Stress and Non-Stress Environments

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1041-1046页

作者： Wondewosen Shiferaw alemayehu balcha Hussen Mohammed Department of Plant and Horticultural Sciences Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia Jinka Agricultural Research Centre South Agricultural Research Institute Hawassa Ethiopia School of Agricultural Science Dilla University Dilla Ethiopia

Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)Trotter] is an ancient and major cereal crop in Ethiopia. Increasing tef grain yield partly requires developing cultivars that are adapted to drought stress environment. An experiment was carried out using 18 tef genotypes grown during September to December, 2010, under two water supply environments (stress during grain filling period, and non-stress) to identify genetic variation, heritability and correlations of grain yield and yield related traits. Broad-sense heritability values under respective stress and non-stress environments were grain yield (g/m2) 0.80 and 0.89, total biomass (g/m2) 0.89 and 0.73, harvest index 0.69 and 0.79, panicle weight (g/plant) 0.93 and 0.92, and seed weight (g/plant) 0.96 and 0.86. The correlations of grain yield under respective stress and non-stress environments were total biomass rp = 0.64, rg = 0.70, and rp = 0.48, rg = 0.56, harvest index rp = 0.70, rg = 0.64, and rp = 0.87, rg = 0.90, panicle weight rp = 0.98, rg = 1.00, and rp = 0.96, rg = 1.00, and seed weight/plant rp = 0.98, rg = 1.00, and rp = 0.90, rg = 1.00. The present experiment showed that either grain yield per se, or seed weight/plant could be used to improve grain yield under stress and non-stress environments.

关键词： Variability Broad-Sense Heritability Correlations Moisture Stress Eragrostis tef

Genetic Variation for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)Trotter] under Moisture Stress and Non-Stress Environments

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CRISPR-Cas9 mediated phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics

American Journal of Plant Sciences（美国植物学期刊） 2012年第8期

作者： Wondewosen Shiferaw alemayehu balcha Hussen Mohammed

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Animal Diseases 2023年第4期3卷 231-241页

作者： Fikre Birhanu balcha Sultan Abda Neja Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hawassa UniversityP.O.Box 05HawassaEthiopia Institute of Bioscience and Technology Texas A&M University2121 West Holcombe BlvdHoustonTX77030USA

Inappropriate use of antibiotics is globally creating public health hazards associated with antibiotic *** often acquire antibiotic resistance by altering their genes through mutation or acquisition of plasmid-encoding resistance *** treat drug-resistant strains of bacteria,the recently developed CRISPR-Cas9 system might be an alternative molecular tool to conventional *** disables antibiotic-resistance genes(plasmids)or deactivates bacterial virulence factors and sensitizes drug-resistant bacteria through site-specific cleavage of crucial domains of their *** molecular tool uses phages as vehicles for CRISPR-cas9 delivery into *** phages are species-specific and natural predators of bacteria,they are capable of easily injecting their DNA to target *** CRISPR system is packaged into phagemid vectors,in such a way that the bacteria containing the antibiotic-resistance plasmid sequence or that containing specific DNA sequences were made to be *** CRISPR delivery,Cas9 is programmed to recognize target sequences through the guide RNA thereby causing double-strand cleavage of targeted bacterial DNA or loss of drug resistance plasmid,which results in cell ***,the safety and efficacy of this newly developed biotechnology tool and the biocontrol product need to be further refined for its usage in clinical translation.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas9 Bacteriophage Phagemid Antibiotic-resistant

Curve Fitting and Least Square Analysis to Extrapolate for the Case of COVID-19 Status in Ethiopia

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 143-159页

作者： Abebe Alemu balcha Computer Science and Technology Kotebe Metropolitan University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

On 30 January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO), declared the novel corona virus as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), COVID-19 virus as an epidemic transmitted virus. It was on 31 December 2019, the WHO China Country office was informed the cases of pneumonia unknown etiology detected in Wuhan city, Hubei Province of China. Just after WHO’s declaration, Ethiopia has taken different measures to protect from this public health emergency problem. The disease is human to human transmitted virus. It comes from outside of the country, so that it opens check points in different entrance of the country. However, in 13 March 2020 the first positive case was reported from Japanese man. The virus is continuing the transmission in the public progressively more. While this research has been working, within 90 days from the first case, the country reported 2506 positive cases, 35 deaths. The research has done after collecting the first 90 days of data in Ethiopian case. Daily report announced by Ethiopian MoH is based on the test. And hence, the reported data as positive cases with COVID-19 is not actual positive case data in the country. There for, this paper has contribution for planning and taking further measure on the viruses by demonstrating the next 90 days predictive data. I use best curve fitting analysis using python function of the module polyfit algorithm to predict the trend of COVID-19 cases in Ethiopia.

关键词： COVID-19 Corona Virus Curve Fitting Extrapolate Least Square

Biomimicry设计方法对于难民庇护所，埃塞俄比亚多洛·阿多案

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Biomimicry设计方法对于难民庇护所，埃塞俄比亚多洛·阿多案

作者： Tamrat Alemu balcha 天津大学

学位级别：硕士

Biomimicry是希腊语术语"bio",意思是生命,"memesis"意为模仿。它模仿自然的设计、过程和解决问题的方法,并运用它来解决人类的问题。它已应用于许多领域,包括建筑。埃塞俄比亚收容了90多万难民,被认为是非洲第二大难民收容国,对能够承... 详细信息

Biomimicry是希腊语术语"bio",意思是生命,"memesis"意为模仿。它模仿自然的设计、过程和解决问题的方法,并运用它来解决人类的问题。它已应用于许多领域,包括建筑。埃塞俄比亚收容了90多万难民,被认为是非洲第二大难民收容国,对能够承受当地天气条件的具有成本效益的难民收容所有着巨大的需求。这项研究的目的是使用Biomimicry设计一个经济高效和气候反应灵敏的难民庇护所原型。该项目研究了Biomimicry设计方法和难民住所设计标准,在气候或资源稀缺方面与选定地点类似的案例研究。然后,它采用这种方法,在埃塞俄比亚极端天气状况的难民营Dollo Ado设计了一个难民收容所原型。它采用Biomimicry设计方法进行设计,以自然为模型、度量和指导,得出可持续的建筑。Biomimicry作为一种整体的方法论被检验和实验,其五个步骤是:提取、翻译、发现、模拟、评价。利用“挑战生物学”的方法,该项目研究了各种动植物如何与当地气候相适应,以及它们如何建造庇护所。然后模仿他们的应对机制,并将其应用到难民收容所的设计中。其结果是一个成本效益高的原型庇护所,由当地可用的材料和劳动力制成,能够更好地应对当地的气候条件。因此,它促进了Biomimicry设计方法在建筑中的应用,作为一个案例研究。

关键词： Biomimicry 自然与建筑难民收容所 Dollo Ado 沙漠建筑地球建筑努比亚拱顶建设

Impact of Genetic Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: Literature Review

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 41-46页

作者： Abebe Alemu balcha Samuel Alemu Woldie Department of Computer Science and Engineering Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia Department of Computer Science and Technology Kotebe University of Education Addis Ababa Ethiopia

In recent research from the total number of new cancer cases in Africa about 29.46% and in Ethiopia 31.85% are breast cancer cases. 25.84% of all cancer related death is from breast cancer. One of the challenges in the treatment of breast cancer is early detection. Researchers agreed that, improving the preventive mechanism of breast cancer is an early predicting and detecting model. Research efforts are continuing to present different solution approaches using advanced techniques of Artificial intelligence (AI), Machine learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and Computational Intelligence as well. A genetic algorithm is a hyper-parameter optimization algorithm that belongs to the class of evolutionary algorithms. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for complex search spaces for search and optimization. This reviewed literature paper shows the positive effect of GA in the diagnosis of breast cancer on AI algorithms.

关键词： Genetic Algorithm Breast Cancer Feature Classification Optimization

In VitroDirect Organogenesis Protocol for Mass Propagation of an Elite Ethiopian Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) Cultivar: Mareko Fana

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1435-1443页

作者： Tilahun Hailu balcha Abera Jiregna Daksa Department of Biology Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia

An efficient and reproducible in vitro mass propagation protocol was developed for Mareko Fana cultivar of hot pepper (C. annuum L.) through direct organogenesis using nodal and shoot tip explants. Three percent active chlorine for 20 minutes was found to be optimum treatment combination yielding 82.5% ± 5.00% contaminant-free germinated seedlings. For shoot induction, MS + 4.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA and MS medium containing eight mg/l Zeatin were found to be optimum resulting 77.5% ± 5.00% and 67.50% ± 5.00% induction percentage for nodal and shoot tip explants respectively. Maximum shoot multiplication responses were obtained on MS + 3 mg/l BAP + 2 mg/l Kinetin with mean number of 9.2 ± 0.2 and 8.6 ± 0.00 shoots for nodal and shoot tip explants respectively. Best shoot elongation and rooting responses were obtained on MS + 0.5 mg/l IBA resulting mean value of 29.6 ± 0.12 root number, 4.25 ± 0.20 cm root length and 5.12 ± 0.20 cm shoot height. The plantlets showed 77.5% survival during acclimatization and transplanting.

关键词： Capsaicin Micro Propagation Micro Cuttings Micro Shoots Pepper Plant Growth Regulators