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Forage offering and seasonal intake comparisons to evaluate European rabbit threat in Nothofagus forests of southern Patagonia

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 604-617页

作者： alejandro huertas herrera Mónica Toro‑Manríquez Laura Borrelli María Vanessa Lencinas Guillermo Martínez Pastur Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia(CIEP) Camino Baguales s/n Km 4CoyhaiqueChile Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda. Ignacio Serrano 420CoyhaiqueChile Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) EEA BarilocheModesta Victoria 44508400 San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CADIC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Houssay 2009410 UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina.

Background:The European rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus L.1758)was introduced into different regions of the world,generating significant trade‑offs that critically impacted native ***,we evaluate the rabbit’s forage intakes in three vegetation types(forests,shrublands,and grasslands)along the four seasons in a temperate forest landscape in Southern Patagonia and discuss the potential threats over native *** formulated the following questions:(i)what is the forage offer at each vegetation type?(ii)what is the rabbit’s forage intake and how it varied across the seasons along the year?and(iii)which vegetation types and plant life forms were more used according to the rabbit’s forage intakes?Methods:We censused understory vegetation to characterize the forage offer at each vegetation type and determined seasonal dietary intakes using microhistological analysis of *** plant species identified in the field were grouped according to life form classes(tree regeneration,shrubs,forbs,graminoids,orchids,ferns,bryophytes,and hemiparasites).Data were analysed through uni‑and multi‑variate analyses,determining relationships between forage offer and the rabbit’s forage ***:Forage intakes revealed changes in plant life form consumption across vegetation types,where intake pressure was considerably different for tree regeneration(p=0.001),graminoids(p=0.001),and hemiparasites(p=0.001).Besides,significant changes in consumption among seasons were detected for shrubs(p=0.001),ferns(p=0.030),and hemiparasites(p=0.002).Although many species play an important role in the rabbit’s forage intake networks(e.g.,Chiliotrichum diffusum,Holcus lanatus),the strongest intake linkages were found in exotic grasses(e.g.,Poa pratensis and Festuca sp.),native hemiparasites(e.g.,Misodendrum sp.),native shrubs(e.g.,Empetrum rubrum),and native trees(e.g.,Nothofagus sp.).The summer and autumn seasons presented higher intake compared to the winter and spring seasons.F

关键词： Forest ecology Oryctolagus cuniculus Plant-animal interaction Vegetation type Herbivory Habitat use

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Modeling of potential habitat suitability of Hippocamelus bisulcus: effectiveness of a protected areas network in Southern Patagonia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 296-309页

作者： Yamina Micaela Rosas Pablo LPeri alejandro huertas herrera Hernán Pastore Guillermo Martínez Pastur Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CONICET)Houssay 200Ushuaia 9410Tierra del FuegoArgentina UNPA-INTA-CONICET.CC 332 Río Gallegos 9400Santa CruzArgentina Delegación Regional Patagonia Norte Administración de Parques NacionalesVicealmirante O’Connor 1188San Carlos de Bariloche 8400Río NegroArgentina

Introduction:Huemul(Hippocamelus bisulcus Molina)is the most threatened flag species of Southern Patagonia,where conservation efforts were not effective to avoid the retraction of its distribution *** quality modeling can assist to design better management strategies for regional conservation *** objective was to elaborate one habitat suitability map for huemul,defining the environmental characteristics at landscape level,and determining the distribution of the suitable habitat inside the current natural reserve ***:We used a database of 453 records and explored 40 potential explanatory variables(climate,topographic,and landscape variables including human-related ones)to develop one habitat suitability map using the Environmental Niche Factor Analysis(ENFA)for Santa Cruz province(Argentina).We combined the outputs in a GIS project using different shapes,including the current natural reserve ***:We defined the potential habitat for huemul,where forest edges and ecotone zones(e.g.,mainly alpine environments)were the most important environmental variables,as well as some forest types(e.g.,Nothofagus pumilio).Habitat losses were found in the extreme potential distribution areas(northern and southern areas),probably related to the increasing ranch *** current natural reserve network maintains approximately half of the huemul potential habitat in Santa Cruz province,where National Parks presented the similar conservation importance than the Provincial natural ***:Habitat suitability model for huemul can be used as a decision support system for new management strategies at different landscape levels to improve the current conservation efforts.

关键词： Nothofagus forests ENFA Habitat loss Conservation Species requirements

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The influence of canopy-layer composition on understory plant diversity in southern temperate forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第2期4卷 154-166页

作者： Luciana Mestre Monica Toro-Manriquez Rosina Soler alejandro huertas-herrera Guillermo Martinez-Pastur Maria Vanessa Lencinas National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) Austral Center for Scientific Research (CADIC-CONICET) Houssay 200 9410 Ushuaia Tierradel Fuego Argentina

Background： Understory plants represents the largest component of biodiversity in most forest ecosystems and plays a key role in forest *** their importance, the influence of overstory-layer composition on understory plant diversity is relatively poorly understood within deciduous-evergreen broadleaved mixed *** aim of this work was to evaluate how tree overstory-layer composition influences on understory-layer diversity in three forest types（monospecific deciduous Nothofagus pumilio（Np）, monospecific evergreen Nothofagus betuloides（Nb）, and mixed ***（M） forests）, comparing also between two geographical locations（coast and mountain） to estimate differences at landscape ***： We recorded 46 plant species： 4 ferns, 12 monocots, and 30 ***-layer composition influences the herb-layer structure and diversity in two different ways： while mixed forests have greater similarity to evergreen forests in the understory structural features, deciduous and mixed were similar in terms of the specific composition of plant *** pure stands were the most diverse, meanwhile evergreen stands were least *** of exclusive species of mixed forest could represent a transition where evergreen and deciduous communities meet and ***, landscape has a major influence on the structure, diversity and richness of understory vegetation of pure and mixed forests likely associated to the magnitude and frequency of natural disturbances, where mountain forest not only had highest herb-layer diversity but also more exclusive ***： Our study suggests that mixed Nothofagus forest supports coexistence of both pure deciduous and pure evergreen understory plant species and different assemblages in coastal and mountain *** the mixture of canopy patch types within mixed stands will be important for conserving the natural patterns of understory plant composition in southern beech mixe

关键词： Landscape Understory communities Understory structure Forest structure Nothofagus Conservation

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Assessing the energy saving potential of using adaptive setpoint temperatures:The case study of a regional adaptive comfort model for Brazil in both the present and the future

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 459-482页

作者： Daniel Sánchez-García David Bienvenido-huertas Carlos Rubio-Bellido Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp Department of Electrical Engineering University Carlos III of MadridMadridSpain Department of Building Simulation ZEROCEM SLSevilleSpain Department of Building Constructions University of GranadaGranadaSpain Department of Building Constructions II University of SevilleSevilleSpain Section of Design for Sustainability Department of Civil and Mechanical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKgs.LyngbyDenmark

It has been found in recent years that using setpoint temperatures based on adaptive thermal comfort models is a successful method of energy *** studies using adaptive setpoint temperatures incorporate international models from ASHRAE Standard 55 and *** study,however,has instead considered a regional Brazilian adaptive comfort *** study investigates the energy demand arising from the use of a local Brazilian comfort model in order to assess the energy implications from the use of the worldwide ASHRAE Standard 55 adaptive model and various fixed setpoint *** of Brazil’s climate zones,full air-conditioning,mixed-mode building operating modes,present-day climate change scenarios,and future scenarios—specifically Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP)2.6,4.5,and 8.5 for the years 2050 and 2100—have all been taken into account in building energy *** use of adaptive setpoint temperatures based on the Brazilian local model considering mixed-mode has been found to significantly reduce energy consumption when compared to static setpoint temperatures(average energy-saving values ranging from 52%to 58%)and the ASHRAE 55 adaptive model(average values ranging from 15%to 21%).Considering climate change and the mixed-mode Brazilian model,the overall energy demand for the three groups of climatic zones(annual average outdoor temperatures≤21℃,>21 and≤25℃and>25℃)ranged between 2%decrease and 5%increase,4%and 27%increase,and 13%and 45%increase,*** is concluded as a consequence that setting setpoint temperatures based on the Brazilian local adaptive comfort model is a very efficient energy-saving method.

关键词： adaptive thermal comfort building energy simulation energy efficiency climate change adaptive setpoint temperatures local comfort mode

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Knowledge arising from long-term research of variable retention harvesting in Tierra del Fuego: where do we go from here?

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 318-333页

作者： Guillermo J.Martínez Pastur Yamina M.Rosas Mónica Toro Manríquez alejandro huertas herrera Juan A.Miller Juan M.Cellini Marcelo D.Barrera Pablo L.Peri María V.Lencinas Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Houssay 200(9410)UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina Universidad Nacional de la Plata(UNLP) Calle 7 e/47 y 48(1900)La PlataBuenos AiresArgentina Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral(UNPA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)cc 332(9400)Río GallegosSanta CruzArgentina

Nothofagus pumilio forests in Tierra del Fuego are the southernmost forests in the world,where extreme climate conditions represent a challenge to attain sustainable forest *** forestry was proposed as an alternative to increase the species conservation in managed ***,we synthetized results related to the implementation of a variable retention harvesting based on a combination of aggregate patches and dispersed retention during the last 18 years comparing with other silviculture proposals(e.g.,shelterwood cuts)and control treatments(primary unmanaged forests).We summarized the results for(i)sawmill operations,(ii)timber yield,(iii)overstory stability,(iv)forest structure,(v)microclimate and natural cycles,(vi)natural regeneration dynamics(flowering,seeding,foraging,recruitment,growth,and mortality),and(vii)biodiversity(mammals,understory plants,mistletoes,birds,arthropods,mosses,lichens,and fungi).In general,aggregate patches maintained forest structure and micro-environmental variables,and slightly increased biodiversity and forest reproduction variables compared to unmanaged primary *** the contrary,dispersed retention decreased forest structure variables and greatly increased biodiversity(richness and abundance)when it was compared to unmanaged primary *** conditions are influenced by variable retention harvesting,but direction and magnitude of the effect depend and differ according to retention *** this,biodiversity taxa greatly differed among groups depending on retention *** general,the species assemblages in aggregate patches were similar to those found in primary unmanaged forests,while they were significantly modified in the dispersed *** occurred due to(i)local extinction of some original species,(ii)the introduction of native species from the surrounding environments,or(iii)the invasion of exotic *** silvicultural method has been a useful tool to conserve biodiversity and ec

关键词： Aggregate patches Dispersed retention Biodiversity conservation Long-term sustainability Timber production

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Loggerhead Sea Turtles Hand-Reared in Captivity: Isotopic Insights into Their Inherent Dietary Variation

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 435-454页

作者： Brenda Natasha Mejía-Guarnizo Carlos Julio Polo-Silva Guiomar Aminta Jauregui-Romero Antonio Delgado-huertas Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN) La Paz M&#233xico Marine Biology Program Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering Jorge Tadeo Lozano University Santa Marta Colombia Sharky Management and Consulting Oldsmar FL USA Programa de Conservació n de Tortugas y Mam&#237feros Marinos (ProCTMM) Santa Marta Colombia Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR) Armilla Spain

Stable isotope analysis is a widely used method for gathering ecological insights into the diet and feeding habitats of various species. While captive studies often limit lethal sampling and differ from wild conditions, they offer valuable insights into inherent isotopic variations among individuals, which are often assumed to reflect differences between natural populations. In the Sea Turtle Conservation Program, loggerhead turtle hatchlings from different nests were fed. Necropsies were conducted on turtles that died during this period, obtaining bone fragments for analysis. We evaluated the isotopic variation of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in bone tissue across six turtle nests (n = 66 samples) and assessed differences in Straight Carapace Length (SCL, n = 71 samples). Using SIBER and nicheROVER in R, we calculated niche width and overlap, while the simmr package determined primary prey assimilation. Despite feeding the hatchlings the same prey, we observed variations in nitrogen isotope assimilation between nests. Nests 4 and 6 had a niche width >1.8‰, indicating consistent consumption frequencies across all prey and >70% niche overlap with other nests. In contrast, nests 1 and 2 showed a narrower niche width (Mugil sp. constituted the primary diet component (>40%) across all groups. This study demonstrates how factors like competition or prey preference can influence the assimilation of diet, even when the source remains constant (inherent variation).

关键词： Stable Isotopes Caretta caretta Head-Starting Nests Straight Carapace Length

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Earth-Moon Barycentre Excursions and Anomalous Quaternary Sea Level Highstands

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第8期13卷 627-656页

作者： Joaquin Meco Consuelo Sendino alejandro Lomoschitz Antonio Núñez María José huertas Juan F. Betancort Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias del Mar Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain Department of Earth Sciences Natural History Museum London United Kingdom Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global IOCAG Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria ULPGC Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria ULPGC Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Madrid Spain

Plate tectonics is driven by Earth-Moon barycentre shifts in the lower mantle. The eastern Canary Islands have geographic and geological conditions derived from the movements of the Central American plates. Some features of these islands are influenced by the rotation of the Earth from west to east in the evolution of the marine currents that surround them and the opening of the North Atlantic to the North Pole with little dependence of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). In addition, their position with respect to the Tropic of Cancer and the African continent affect the north-south and east-west climatic change dynamics and their tectonic stability respectively. Dated lavas contain marine and aeolian deposits and some of the Pleistocene marine deposits indicate higher sea level in cooler circumstances, which is anomalous. Relating those marine deposits produced during the warmest interglacial, the last interglacial and the Holocene with their equivalents in the Southern Hemisphere, they reflect shifts in the barycentre. Thanks to Holocene radiocarbon, topographic and day length data and alkenone temperature, we describe a mechanism by which the oscillation of the Moon’s inclination (and declination) reaches extreme values (14ºand 34ºabout 4.9ºmore than current values) approximately every 1450 years. These values occur when there is a harmonic distortion in surface areas of the Earth’s crust as response associated with oscillations in the displacements of the barycentre of the Earth-Moon system. As the declination influences the movement of oceanic waters, there is also a relationship with the Bond Events of the North Atlantic, of unknown cause until now.

关键词： Earth-Moon Barycentre Lunar Declination Sea-Level Canary Islands Neogene Quaternary

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Karyotype analysis and polyploidy in Palaua and a comparison with its sister group Fuertesimalva(Malvaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第3期48卷 175-182页

作者： Julio V SCHNEIDER Marilú L huertas Systematic Botany Biologie IUniversity of Leipzig Botany and Molecular Evolution Research Institute and Natural History Museum Senckenberg and Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitt

Palaua(Malveae,Malvaceae)comprises 15 species endemic to the hyperarid coastal desert of Chile and *** far,chromosome counts have been known for two diploid species(2n=2x=10)*** we report new chromosome numbers for 12 species of Palaua and four of its sister group *** including 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride(DAPI)/chromomycin(CMA3)fluorescent banding are presented for selected species representative of each of the main clades of *** important finding is the discovery of polyploids in one exclusively tetraploid species(***)and four species with mixed diploid and tetraploid cytotypes(***,***,***,and ***).The diploid and tetraploid karyotypes are all unimodal,symmetrical and show one or two pairs of satellite chromosomes with their associated CMA+/DAPI- band depending on the *** some of the tetraploids an autopolyploid origin is suggested.

关键词： autopolyploidy chromosome base number desert fluorochrome staining lomas Malveae Urocarpidium.

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Sport participation and vigilance in children:Influence of different sport expertise

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第4期7卷 497-504页

作者： rafael ballester florentino huertas enrique molina daniel sanabria faculty of physical education&sport sciences catholic university of valenciaValencia 46900Spain mind brain and behavior research center university of granadaGranada 18071.Spain

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between different types of sport expertise(externally-paced vs. self-paced sports) and vigilance performance in children by evaluating the cardiovascular fitness level of the ***: Three groups of children(11.0 § 0.2 years) differentiated in terms of their regular sport participation(football players, n = 20; track and field athletes, n = 20; non-athletic controls, n = 20) took part in the study. In one session, participants performed the Leger Multi-stage fitness test to estimate their aerobic fitness level. In another session, participants completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task(PVT) to evaluate their vigilance performance under 2 conditions of velocity demands(normal vs. speed).Results: The results revealed that both groups of sport practitioners had higher cardiovascular fitness than non-athlete controls. In contrast, no significant differences in the performance PVT were found between track and field athletes and controls. Crucially, football players showed better performance in the PVT than track and field athletes and controls. These between-group differences were not modulated by the speed demands of the ***: The major novel finding of this research points to a positive relationship between sport participation and vigilance performance during childhood. We discuss our results in terms of the different hypotheses put forward in the literature to explain the relationship between regular exercise and cognitive functioning: the "cardiovascular fitness" and the "cognitive component skills" hypotheses.

关键词：运动员专家知识警戒孩子健康水平心血管健康测试上海大学

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一种缓冲回填材料的筛选及其特性:西班牙实例(英文)

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岩石力学与工程学报 2006年第4期25卷 768-780页

作者： Villar María Victoria Astudillo Julio huertas Fernando CIEMAT 能源环境与技术研究中心西班牙马德里28040 ENRESA 国家放射性废物管理公司S.A.西班牙马德里28043

介绍了西班牙在高放废物深地质处置中用于缓冲回填材料的泥岩的筛选及其特性的研究成果,这项研究在西班牙核废料管理委员会资助下进行,始于 20 世纪 80 年代,且在开始阶段主要是开展泥岩沉积层及黏土供应商的筛选工作。黏土这些特性与... 详细信息

介绍了西班牙在高放废物深地质处置中用于缓冲回填材料的泥岩的筛选及其特性的研究成果,这项研究在西班牙核废料管理委员会资助下进行,始于 20 世纪 80 年代,且在开始阶段主要是开展泥岩沉积层及黏土供应商的筛选工作。黏土这些特性与标准已被国际社会广泛接受,但进一步的研究主要涉及到泥岩的矿物纯度、持水特性、可塑性、低渗透性、较高的膨胀压力和热导性。经初步研究,确定两种膨润土沉积层被选中,并在实验室中对其特性进行了研究,主要包括:热–水–力特性的确定、预加热和温度的影响以及石英添加剂的作用。由于膨润土具有较高的膨胀性以及低渗透性,因而必须对传统的试验技术进行改进,并设计出新的试验设备。最终确定Cortijo de Archidona(Almería)选为西班牙膨润土的供应区,其开采的膨润土已在近期结束的数个研究课题中得到了应用。无论是从矿物学、热学、水力学、力学和地质化学,还是从可变性等方面看来,该区膨润土的特性都是最好的;另外,处置库中膨润土的变化特征在实验室以及现场都已经作了相应的研究。

关键词：放射性废物处置膨润土屏障西班牙泥岩蒙脱土皂石

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