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In the beginning,there was only bare regolith-then some plants arrived and changed the regolith

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第5期13卷 511-516页

作者： Jun Zhou alejandra Zúñiga-Feest Hans Lambers Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Laboratorio de Biología vegetal Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley(Perth)WA 6009Australia College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural University100193 BeijingChina

Pedogenesis along chronosequences has received attention from soil scientists for decades,following the pioneering work of Walker and Syers(1976),who showed a general pattern of the availability of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)subsequently confirmed for a range of chronosequences(Huggett 1998;Turner and Condron 2013;vitousek and Farrington 1997).Much more recently,changes of plant nutrient-acquisition strategies with soil development have drawn attention,first with a conceptual model(Lambers et al.2008),which was subsequently confirmed with solid experimental data collected along the Jurien Bay chronosequence in south-western Australia(Zemunik et al.2015).The original conceptual model has since been amended,to explain why presumably less-effective mycorrhizal P-acquisition strategies coexist with more-effective strategies based on the release carboxylates(organic anions)(Lambers et al.2018).Mycorrhizas may not be effective at acquiring P from severely P-impoverished soils,but they do boost the defence against pathogens,which strongly affect the growth of non-mycorrhizal carboxylate-releasing Proteaceae(Albornoz et al.2017;Lalibertéet al.2015).What has received little or no attention is the P-acquisition strategies of species that are the first to colonize the bare regolith of the earliest stage of chronosequences(Figs 1 and 2).When the soil P availability is relatively high such as along the Jurien Bay chronosequence(Turner et al.2018),there is little point searching for specialized strategies,but along many chronosequences,*** the case(Egli et al.2012;Richardson et al.2004;Zhou et al.2019).

关键词： soil fir Richardson

Microbial symphony orchestrated by mucosal IgA

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第4期19卷 456-457页

作者： alejandra Reyes-Ruiz Jordan D.Dimitrov Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversitéde Paris75006ParisFrance

The ability of an organism to handle the beauty and cruelty of existence is largely due to a complex network of molecular and cellular interactions and processes named the immune *** components of this network are antibodies(Abs)that have key roles in immune defense and *** biological functions of Abs include neutralizing pathogens by blocking functionally important molecules and/or to eliciting lethal effector functions by bridging the recognition of pathogens with binding to different innate immune receptors.

关键词： bridging neutral network

Crustacean parasites associated with hermit crabs from the western Mediterranean Sea,with first documentation of egg predation by the burrowing barnacle Trypetesa lampas(Cirripedia:Acrothoracica:Trypetesidae)

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第1期6卷 13-27页

作者： Jason D.WILLIAMS alejandra GALLARDO Angela E.MURPHY Department of Biology Hofstra UniversityHempsteadNYUSA

Parasitic isopods(family Bopyridae)and burrowing barnacles(family Trypetesidae)infesting hermit crabs were investigated from shallow subtidal collections made along the southeastern coast of Spain in 2009.A total of 713 specimens of Clibanarius erythropus(Latreille,1818)and 82 Calcinus tubularis(L.,1767)were *** shells and worm tubes inhabited by hermit crabs were collected by hand while snorkeling and were cracked to determine host species,size,sex and presence of *** species of bopyrid isopods were found on ***:the branchial parasite Bopyrissa fraiseii(Carayon,1943)and the abdominal parasite Parathelges cardonae Codreanu and Codreanu in Codreanu,*** all *** examined,Bopyrissa fraiseii was found on 0.6%of hermit crabs and *** was found on 0.3%.A redescription of *** is provided and the species is documented with light and scanning electron microscopy for the first *** Calcinus tubularis harbored parasitic isopods,but one specimen was parasitized by an unidentified rhizocephalan barnacle of the genus Septosaccus(1.2%).The burrowing barnacle Trypetesa lampas(Hancock,1849)was found associated with both hermit crab species and evidence of predation on host eggs by this barnacle is shown for the first *** lampas was found in 4.2%of the shells *** present study expands our knowledge of the parasite fauna of hermit crabs from the Mediterranean Sea and indicates that additional research is needed to determine the impact of trypetesid egg predators on hermit crab populations.

关键词： Bopyridae egg predator Isopoda parasitism Rhizocephala

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) in Colombia

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第1期64卷 205-231页

作者： Bibiana Moncada Robert Lücking alejandra Suárez Licenciatura en Biología Universidad Distrital Francisco Joséde CaldasCra.4 No.26B-54Torre de LaboratoriosHerbarioBogotáColombia Department of Botany The Field Museum1400 South Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605USA

We present a molecular phylogenetic study of the lichen genus Sticta focusing on Colombia,using the ITS fungal barcoding gene for a total of 370 ingroup OTUs,with 322 newly generated *** topology resulting from a maximum likelihood approach does not support current species concepts in Sticta,which use a morphological concept,but in contrast shows that similar morphodemes evolved multiple times independently within the *** a consequence,currently applied names such as *** and *** comprise numerous(up to more than 20)unrelated species-level lineages,which can be distinguished also phenotypically using previously unrecognized characters such as lobe configuration,lobe surface structure,tomentum type,and anatomy of the basal membrane of the *** conclude that the genus Sticta contains about four to five times the number of species currently *** Colombia alone,approximately 150 species of Sticta are present.

关键词： Lichen-forming fungi Morphological species concept Parallel evolution

China-venezuela Relations: the Shift of the Relation with Hugo Chávez Rise to Power

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China-venezuela Relations: the Shift of the Relation with Hu...

作者： alejandra Zerpa（艾丽）外交学院

学位级别：硕士

Today the Sino-venezuela relation has become a model of countries cooperation,friendship and partnership, as well as a model of strategic complementarity and arelevant relation in the international arena, more specifically in Latin America. Thisdissertation aims at analyzing and explaining venezuela and China relation through avenezuelan approach, historically and currently, taking more into details andrelevance the period when President Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías was in power, and hisrole in the building of this strategic relationship. This dissertation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter briefly exploresvenezuela Foreign Policy, and some historical points that help us for a betterunderstanding of the international political actions of the South American country. The second chapter examines venezuela and China relationship from it establishmentin1974until1999, and then from1999, when Hugo Chávez inaugurated hisgovernment. Also in the analysis of the Sino-venezuelan relation during HugoChávez’s term, a quantitative resume is provided to evidence the growth of therelation. The third chapter is a continuation of the second part of the previous chapter,and addresses the current relation of China and venezuela. This current relationship isevidently related with the relation led by President Hugo Chávez, but deserves aseparation as is under the period which starts with the physical disappearance ofChávez in2013: the post Chávez era. This chapter also shows the expectationscoming ahead with the new leader of the venezuelan Government Nicolás MaduroMoros. The fourth chapter analyzes the participation and role of President Chávez tostrength the relation between two countries. This study has been done in a very important year for the Sino-venezuelanrelationship, which is about to celebrate its40th anniversary on the28th of June of2014;inside of this frame is expecting to result a valuable contribution for theknowledge of people from both countries regardi

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Effects of six months losartan administration on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients: A pilot study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第48期11卷 7560-7563页

作者： Silvia Sookoian María alejandra Fernández Gustavo Casta(n|~)o Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A.Lanari Cathedra of Physiopathology Gastroenterology Section

AIM： TO evaluate the safety and efficacy of chronic administration of Iosartan on hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients.METHODS： Fourteen patients with chronic hepatitis C non-responders （n = 10）, with contraindications （n = 2） or lack of compliance （n = 2） to interferon plus ribavirin therapy and liver fibrosis were enrolled. Liver and renal function test, clinical evaluation, and liver biopsies were performed at baseline and after Iosartan administration at a dose of 50 mg/d during the 6 mo. The control group composed of nine patients with the same inclusion criteria and paired liver biopsies （interval 6-14 mo）. Histological activity index （HAI） with fibrosis stage was assessed under blind conditions by means of Ishak＇s score. Subendothelial fibrosis was evaluated by digital image analyses.RESULTS： The changes in the fibrosis stage were significantly different between Iosartan group （decrease of 0.5±1.3） and controls （increase of 0.89±1.27; P〈0.03）. In the treated patients, a decrease in fibrosis stage was observed in 7/14 patients vs 1/9 control patients （P〈0.04）. A decrease in sub-endothelial fibrosis was observed in the Iosartan group. No differences were found in HAI after Iosartan administration. Acute and chronic decreases in systolic arterial pressures （P〈0.05） were observed after the Iosartan administration, without changes in mean arterial pressure or renal function.CONCLUSION： Chronic AT-Ⅱ type 1 receptor （AT1R） blockade may reduce liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

关键词： Hepatitis C Liver fibrosis Losartan AT1R Chronic liver disease Angiotensin Ⅱ

Critical role of OX40 signaling in the TCR-independent phase of human and murine thymic Treg generation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第2期16卷 138-153页

作者： Prabhakaran Kumar alejandra Marinelarena Divya Raghunathan vandhana K Ragothaman Shikha Saini Palash Bhattacharya Jilao Fan Alan L Epstein Ajay v Maker Bellur S Prabhakar Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois-College of MedicineChicagoILUSA Department of Pathology University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Illinois-College of MedicineChicagoILUSA

Regulatory T cells(Tregs)play a pivotal role in immune-tolerance,and loss of Treg function can lead to the development of *** Tregs generated in the thymus substantially contribute to the Treg pool in the periphery,where they suppress self-reactive effector T cells(Teff)***,we showed that OX40L(TNFSF4)is able to drive selective proliferation of peripheral Tregs independent of canonical antigen presentation(CAP-independent)in the presence of low-dose ***,we hypothesized that OX40 signaling might be integral to the TCR-independent phase of murine and human thymic Treg(tTreg)*** of tTregs is a two-step process:Strong T-cell receptor(TCR)signals in combination with co-signals from the TNFRSF members facilitate tTreg precursor selection,followed by a TCR-independent phase of tTreg development in which their maturation is driven by ***,we investigated whether OX40 signaling could also play a critical role in the TCR-independent phase of tTreg ***40−/−mice had significantly reduced numbers of CD25−Foxp3low tTreg precursors and CD25+Foxp3+mature tTregs,while OX40L treatment of WT mice induced significant proliferation of these cell *** to tTeff cells,OX40 was expressed at higher levels in both murine and human tTreg precursors and mature *** ex vivo cultures,OX40L increased tTreg maturation and induced CAP-independent proliferation of both murine and human tTregs,which was mediated through the activation of AKT-mTOR *** novel findings show an evolutionarily conserved role for OX40 signaling in tTreg development and proliferation,and might enable the development of novel strategies to increase Tregs and suppress autoimmunity.

关键词： Thymic Tregs OX40L IL-2 Treg proliferation maturation

Soil organic carbon stocks in native forest of Argentina:a useful surrogate for mitigation and conservation planning under climate variability

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 3-24页

作者： Pablo L.Peri Juan Gaitán Matías Mastrangelo Marcelo Nosetto Pablo E.villagra Ezequiel Balducci Martín Pinazo Roxana P.Eclesia alejandra von Wallis Sebastián villarino Francisco Alaggia Marina González Polo Silvina Manrique Pablo A.Meglioli Julián Rodríguez-Souilla Martín Mónaco Jimena E.Chaves Ariel Medina Ignacio Gasparri Eugenio Alvarez Arnesi María Paula Barral Axel von Müller Norberto M.Pahr Josefina Uribe Echevarria Pedro Fernández Marina Morsucci Dardo López Juan Manuel Cellini Leandro Alvarez Ignacio Barberis Hernán Colomb Ludmila La Manna Sebastián Barbaro Cecilia Blundo Ximena Sirimarco Laura Cavallero Gualberto Zalazar Guillermo Martínez Pastur Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Luján Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) CCT San Luis Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional CCT Salta-JujuyConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Dirección Nacional de Bosques Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación Instituto de Ecología Regional Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Universidad Nacional de Rosario Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas (LIMAD) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) Administración de Parques Nacionales (APN) Parque Nacional Los Alerces Centro de Estudios Ambientales Integrados (CEAI) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPASJB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Background The nationally determined contribution（NDC） presented by Argentina within the framework of the Paris Agreement is aligned with the decisions made in the context of the United Nations Framework Conven-tion on Climate Change（UNFCCC） on the reduction of emissions derived from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as forest carbon conservation（REDD+）. In addition, climate change constitutes one of the greatest threats to forest biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the soil organic carbon（SOC） stocks of native forests have not been incorporated into the Forest Reference Emission Levels calculations and for conservation planning under cli-mate variability due to a lack of information. The objectives of this study were:（i） to model SOC stocks to 30 cm of native forests at a national scale using climatic, topographic and vegetation as predictor variables, and（ii） to relate SOC stocks with spatial–temporal remotely sensed indices to determine biodiversity conservation concerns due to threats from high inter-annual climate *** We used 1040 forest soil samples（0–30 cm） to generate spatially explicit estimates of SOC native forests in Argentina at a spatial resolution of approximately 200 m. We selected 52 potential predictive environmental covari-ates, which represent key factors for the spatial distribution of SOC. All covariate maps were uploaded to the Google Earth Engine cloud-based computing platform for subsequent modelling. To determine the biodiversity threats from high inter-annual climate variability, we employed the spatial–temporal satellite-derived indices based on Enhanced vegetation Index（EvI） and land surface temperature（LST） images from Landsat *** SOC model（0–30 cm depth） prediction accounted for 69% of the variation of this soil property across the whole native forest coverage in Argentina. Total mean SOC stock reached 2.81 Pg C（2.71–2.84 Pg C with a probability of 90%） for a total area of 460,790 km2,

关键词： Soil organic carbon Biodiversity Native forest Climate change mitigation Modelling Resilience

Effect of probiotic administration on the intestinal microbiota, current knowledge and potential applications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16518-16528页

作者： alejandra de Moreno de Le Blanc Jean Guy Le Blanc Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos San Miguel de Tucuman

Although it is now known that the human body is colonized by a wide variety of microbial populations in different parts(such as the mouth, pharynx and respiratory system, the skin, the gastro- and urogenital tracts), many effects of the complex interactions between the human host and microbial symbionts are still not completely understood. The dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota is considered to be one of the most important contributing factors in the development of many gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and colorectal cancer, as well as systemic diseases like obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Fecal microbial transplantations appear to be promising therapies for dysbiosis-associated diseases; however, probiotic microorganisms have been growing in popularity due to increasing numbers of studies proving that certain strains present health promoting properties, among them the beneficial balance of the intestinal microbiota. Inflammatory bowel diseases andobesity are the pathologies in which there are more studies showing this beneficial association using animal models and even in human clinical *** this review,the association of the human gut microbiota and human health will be discussed along with the benefits that probiotics can confer on this symbiotic activity and on the prevention or treatment of associated diseases.

关键词： Probiotics Dysbiosis Gut microbiota Symbiosis Treatment