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Examining pathogenic concepts of autoimmune hepatitis for cues to future investigations and interventions

World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2019年第45期25卷 6579-6606页

作者： albert j.Czaj. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science

BACKGROUND Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in autoimmune hepatitis,but they have not fully explained susceptibility,triggering events,and maintenance or escalation of the ***,they have not identified a critical defect that can be *** goals of this review are to examine the diverse pathogenic mechanisms that have been considered in autoimmune hepatitis,indicate investigational opportunities to validate their contribution,and suggest interventions that might evolve to modify their *** abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search *** length articles were selected for review,and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were *** and epigenetic factors can affect susceptibility by influencing the expression of immune regulatory *** dysfunction,possibly related to deficient production of programmed cell death protein-1,can allow autoreactive T cells to escape deletion,and alterations in the intestinal microbiome may help overcome immune tolerance and affect gender *** factors may trigger the disease or induce epigenetic changes in gene *** mimicry,epitope spread,bystander activation,neo-antigen production,lymphocytic polyspecificity,and disturbances in immune inhibitory mechanisms may maintain or escalate the *** that modify epigenetic effects on gene expression,alter intestinal dysbiosis,eliminate deleterious environmental factors,and target critical pathogenic mechanisms are therapeutic possibilities that might reduce risk,individualize management,and improve *** conclusion,diverse pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in autoimmune hepatitis,and they may identify a critical factor or sequence that can be validated and used to direct future management and preventive strategies.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Pathogenesis Epigenetics Molecular mimicry Epitope spread Intestinal microbiome

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Incorporating mucosal-associated invariant T cells into the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2021年第25期27卷 3705-3733页

作者： albert j.Czaj. Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMN 55905United States

Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells have been described in liver and nonliver diseases,and they have been ascribed antimicrobial,immune regulatory,protective,and pathogenic *** goals of this review are to describe their biological properties,indicate their involvement in chronic liver disease,and encourage investigations that clarify their actions and therapeutic *** abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms,and bibliographies were *** cells are activated by restricted non-peptides of limited diversity and by multiple inflammatory *** pro-inflammatory,anti-inflammatory,and immune regulatory cytokines are released;infected cells are eliminated;and memory cells *** MAIT cells are hyper-activated,immune exhausted,dysfunctional,and depleted in chronic liver *** phenotype lacks disease-specificity,and it does not predict the biological *** cells have presumed protective actions in chronic viral hepatitis,alcoholic hepatitis,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,primary sclerosing cholangitis,and decompensated *** have pathogenic and pro-fibrotic actions in autoimmune hepatitis and mixed actions in primary biliary *** factors in the hepatic microenvironment(cytokines,bile acids,gut-derived bacterial antigens,and metabolic by-products)may modulate their response in individual *** manipulations of function are warranted to establish an association with disease severity and *** conclusion,MAIT cells constitute a disease-nonspecific,immune response to chronic liver inflammation and *** pathological role has been deduced from their deficiencies during active liver disease,and future investigations must clarify this role,link it to outcome,and explore therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Innate-like lymphocytes Antimicrobial Immune regulatory Pathogenic Mucosal-associated invariant T cell

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Factoring the intestinal microbiome into the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2016年第42期22卷 9257-9278页

作者： albert j.Czaj. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

The intestinal microbiome is a reservoir of microbial antigens and activated immune cells. The aims of this review were to describe the role of the intestinal microbiome in generating innate and adaptive immune responses, indicate how these responses contribute to the development of systemic immune-mediated diseases, and encourage investigations that improve the understanding and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microflora(dysbiosis) can disrupt intestinal and systemic immune tolerances for commensal bacteria. Toll-like receptors within the intestine can recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns and shape subsets of T helper lymphocytes that may cross-react with host antigens(molecular mimicry). Activated gutderived lymphocytes can migrate to lymph nodes, and gut-derived microbial antigens can translocate to extra-intestinal sites. Inflammasomes can form within hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, and they can drive the pro-inflammatory, immune-mediated, and fibrotic responses. Diet, designer probiotics, vitamin supplements, re-colonization methods, antibiotics, drugs that decrease intestinal permeability, and molecular interventions that block signaling pathways may emerge as adj.nctive regimens that complement conventional immunosuppressive management. In conclusion, investigations of the intestinal microbiome are warranted in autoimmune hepatitis and promise to clarify pathogenic mechanisms and suggest alternative management strategies.

关键词： Intestinal microbiome Inflammasomes Autoimmune hepatitis Dysbiosis Toll-like receptors

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Erratum to: Using genetic algorithms to calibrate a dimethylsulfide production model in the Arctic Ocean

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j.urnal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第1期29卷 232-232页

作者：瞿波 gabric j.albert

关键词： Erratum to Using genetic algorithms to calibrate a dimethylsulfide production model in the Arctic Ocean

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Ameliorate Security by Introducing Security Server in Software Defined Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第3期62卷 1077-1096页

作者： j.Vij.la A.albert Raj University College of Engineering Nagercoil629004India Sree Krishna College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore641008India

Software Defined Network(SDN)deals with huge data processing units which possess network ***,due to centralization behavior ensuring security in SDN is the maj.r *** this work to ensure security,a security server has been at its aid to check the vulnerability of the networks and to keep an eye on the packet according to the screening policies.A Secure Shell Connection(SSH)is established by the security server which does a frequent inspection of the network’s *** detection and the Intrusion Detection System policies are also incorporated in the server for the effective scanning of the *** response to a suspicious log or the packets in the SDN network there is a change in the security *** the proposed work updates the security policies in accordance with the attacker mentality.

关键词： SDN security server malware deduction

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用MODIS卫星数据来分析格陵兰海叶绿素和气溶胶光学厚度之间的关系

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极地研究 2011年第1期23卷 68-76页

作者：瞿波路海浪 albert gabric 林道荣钱峰赵为华南通大学理学院南通226007 Griffith大学环境学院

主要利用卫星数据MODIS Aqua研究在北极格陵兰海(10°W—10°E,70°N—85°N)2003—2009年间叶绿素a(Chl a)与气溶胶厚度(AOD)的分布以及它们之间的耦合关系。研究发现,Chl a和AOD在一定的区域里有着带有滞后期的耦合关系。同时通过统... 详细信息

主要利用卫星数据MODIS Aqua研究在北极格陵兰海(10°W—10°E,70°N—85°N)2003—2009年间叶绿素a(Chl a)与气溶胶厚度(AOD)的分布以及它们之间的耦合关系。研究发现,Chl a和AOD在一定的区域里有着带有滞后期的耦合关系。同时通过统计软件EViews的滞后回归分析发现,Chl a滞后AOD三个月,Chl a和AOD之间存在着协整关系,也就是说,他们两者之间有长期的均衡关系。总体来看,Chl a从3月份开始,逐渐升高,到7月达到顶峰。AOD春天高,夏天低。Chl a和AOD在春天有较好的耦合性,相关系数达到0.98。在80°N—85°N段,除了2005年Chl a和AOD之间没有时间间隔外,其余的年份时间峰值之间的间隔有增长的趋势,7年增长了6周。AOD的峰值从原来的5月下旬前移了一个半月左右。Chl a的峰值从原来的7月下旬前移了两个月左右。2009年夏秋,在75°N—85°N,Chl a明显高于其他年份。Chl a的明显增加与高含量的AOD及大量的冰盖融化有关。

关键词：叶绿素a(Chl a) 气溶胶厚度(AOD) 生态系统回归分析协整

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Gulliver's travels

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作者： j.nathan Swift edited by albert j. Rivero.

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Moll Flanders

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作者： Daniel Defoe edited by albert j. Rivero.

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Numerical Investigations of Resonant Layersin a Periodically-Driven Pendulum

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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 1999年第3期4卷 3-5页

作者： albert C. j. LUO(Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Southern Illinois University atEdwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026-1805, USA) Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026-1805 USA

IntroductionFOra2-Dnonlinearsystemdrivenbyperiodicexcitations,itsHamiltoniancanbeexpressedbyaFourierseriesexpansionofinfinite,resonantharmonics(e.g.,ZaslavskyandFilonenkoll],Escadel2],LichtenbergandLiebermanI3]fLuoI4]... 详细信息

关键词： resonant layers chaotic dynamics pendulum nonlinear dynamics energySpectrum

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High Channel Count, Low Cost, Multiplexed FBG Sensor Systems

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 -页

作者： j. j. Pan FengQing Zhou Kej.an Guan j.y j.ang Liang Dong albert Li Xiangdong Qiu j.nathan Zhang Lightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USA

With rich products development experience in WDM telecommunication networks, we introduce a few of high channel count, multiplexed FBG fiber optic sensor systems featured in reliable high performance and low cost.

关键词： telecommunication networks fiber optic sensor high performance low cost

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