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Chinese j.urnal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第2期32卷 241-254页

作者：瞿波 albert j. gabric 路海浪林道荣 School of Science Nantong University School of Environment Griffith University

The distributions and correlations of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a),aerosol optical depth(AOD)and ice cover in the southeast Arctic Ocean-Greenland Sea(10°W–10°E,70°–80°N)between 2003 and 2009 were studied using satellite data and statistical *** analysis showed correlations between Chl-a and AOD,Chl-a and ice cover,and AOD and ice cover with different time *** time lag of Chl-a and AOD indicated their long-term equilibrium *** in AOD and Chl-a and generally occurred in May and j.ly,*** the time lag,the correlation between Chl-a and AOD in the study region was as high as *** peak gap between Chl-a and AOD shifted for about 6 weeks during 2003–*** the summer and autumn of 2009,Chl-a and AOD levels were much higher than during the other years,especially in the northern band of the study region(75°–80°N).The driving forces for this localized increase in phytoplankton biomass could be mainly attributed to the very high rate of ice melting in spring and early summer and the high wind speed in autumn,together with the increased deposition of aerosol throughout the *** unusually high AOD in the spring of 2003 was mainly due to a massive fi re in Russia,which occurred in the fi rst half of the *** the 7 years of the study,the sea surface temperature generally *** may have been due to the release of dimethylsulfi de into the air,excreted in large amounts from abundant phytoplankton biomass,and its subsequent reaction,form large amounts of aerosol,and resulting in regional cooling.

关键词： phytoplankton biomass aerosol optical depth (AOD) ice cover wind speed Arctic Ocean

Simulated perturbation in the sea-to-air flux of dimethylsulfi de and the impact on polar climate

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j.urnal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第1期39卷 110-121页

作者： Bo QU albert j.1} Rebecca j.CKSON School of Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226219China School of Environment and Science Griffi th UniversityBrisbane 4111QLDAustralia

Marine biogenic emission of dimethylsulfi de(DMS)has been well recognized as the main natural source of reduced sulfur to the remote marine atmosphere and has the potential to aff ect climate,especially in the polar *** used a global climate model(GCM)to investigate the impact on atmospheric chemistry from a change to the contemporary DMS fl ux to that which has been proj.cted for the late 21 st *** perturbed simulation corresponded to conditions that pertained to a tripling of equivalent CO 2,which was estimated to occur by year 2090 based on current worst-case greenhouse gas emission *** changes in zonal mean DMS fl ux were applied to 50°S–70°S Antarctic(ANT)and 65°N–80°N Arctic(ARC)*** results indicate that there are clearly diff erent impacts after perturbation in the southern and northern polar *** quantities related to the sulfur cycle show a higher increase in ***,most sulfur compounds have higher peaks in *** perturbation in DMS fl ux leads to an increase of atmospheric DMS of about 45%in ANT and 33.6%in *** sulfur dioxide(SO 2)vertical integral increases around 43%in ANT and 7.5%in ***(SO 4)vertical integral increases by 17%in ANT and increases around 6%in *** emissions increases by 21%in ANT and increases by 9.7%in ***,oxidation of DMS by OH increases by 38.2%in ARC and by 15.17%in *** optical depth(AOD)increases by 4%in the ARC and by 17.5%in the ANT,and increases by 22.8%in austral *** importance of the perturbation of the biogenic source to future aerosol burden in polar regions leads to a cooling in surface temperature of 1 K in the ANT and 0.8 K in the ***,polar regions in the Antarctic Ocean will have a higher off setting eff ect on warming after DMS fl ux perturbation.

关键词： dimethylsulfi de(DMS) sulfur dioxide DMS sea-to-air fl ux perturbation global climate model(GCM) polar region

Correlation between sea surface temperature and wind speed in Greenland Sea and their relationships with NAO variability

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Water Science and Engineering 2012年第3期5卷 304-315页

作者： Bo QU albert j. gabric j.ng-nan ZHU Dao-rong LIN Feng QIAN Min ZHAO School of Science Nantong University Nantong 226007 P R. China School of Environment Griffith University Brisbane 4111 Australia

The North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） is one of the maj.r causes of many recent changes in the Arctic Ocean. Generally, it is related to wind speed, sea surface temperature （SST）, and sea ice cover. In this study, we analyzed the distributions of and correlations between SST, wind speed, NAO, and sea ice cover from 2003 to 2009 in the Greenland Sea at 10°W to 10°E, 65°N to 80°N. SST reached its peak in j.ly, while wind speed reached its minimum in j.ly. Seasonal variability of SST and wind speed was different for different regions. SST and wind speed mainly had negative correlations. Detailed correlation research was focused on the 75~N to 80~N band. Regression analysis shows that in this band, the variation of SST lagged three months behind that of wind speed Ice cover and NAO had a positive correlation, and the correlation coefficient between ice cover and NAO in the year 2007 was 0.61 SST and NAO also had a positive correlation, and SST influenced NAO one month in advance. The correlation coefficients between SST and NAO reached 0.944 for the year 2005, 0.7 for the year 2008, and 0.74 for the year 2009 after shifting SST one month later. NAO also had a positive correlation with wind speed, and it also influenced wind speed one month in advance. The correlation coefficients between NAO and wind speed reached 0.783, 0.813, and 0.818 for the years 2004, 2005, and 2008, respectively, after shifting wind speed one month earlier.

关键词： correlation analysis," NAO SST," wind speed, ice cover Greenland Sea

Recent Trends in Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll and Aerosol Optical Depth Together with Simulated Dimethylsulfide in the Eastern China Marginal Seas

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j.urnal of Ocean University of China 2022年第2期21卷 486-498页

作者： QU Bo gabric albert j. School of Science Nantong UniversityNantong 266000China School of Environment and Science Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia

The biogenic compound dimethylsulfide(DMS)produced by a range of marine biota is the maj.r natural source of re-duced sulfur to the atmosphere and plays a maj.r role in the formation and evolution of aerosols,potentially affecting *** spatio-temporal distribution of satellite-derived chlorophyll_a(CHL)and aerosol optical depth(AOD)for the recent years(2011-2019)in the Eastern China Marginal Seas(ECMS)(25°-40°N,120°-130°E)are *** seasonal CHL peaks occurred during late April and the CHL distribution displays a clear zonal *** CHL was also observed along the northern and western coastlines during summer and winter *** analysis shows that mean CHL decreases by about 10%over the 9-year study period,while AOD was higher in south and lower in north during summertime.A genetic algorithm technique is used to calibrate the key model parameters and simulations are carried out for 2015,a year when field data was *** simulation results show that DMS seawater concentration ranges from 1.56 to 5.88 nmol L^(−1) with a mean value of 2.76 nmol L^(−1).DMS sea-air flux ranges from 2.66 to 5.00mmol m^(−2) d^(−1) with mean of 3.80mmol m^(−2) d^(−1).Positive correlations of about 0.5 between CHL and AOD were found in the study region,with higher correlations along the coasts of j.angsu and Zhej.ang *** elevated CHL concentration along the west coast is correlated with increased sea-water concentrations of DMS in the *** results suggest a possible influ-ence of DMS-derived aerosol in the local ECMS atmosphere,especially along the western coastline of ECMS.

关键词： dimethylsulfide sea-to-air flux chlorophyll-a aerosol optical depth biogeochemical model Eastern China Marginal Seas

Using genetic algorithms to calibrate a dimethylsulfide production model in the Arctic Ocean

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Chinese j.urnal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010年第3期28卷 573-582页

作者：瞿波 gabric j.albert Nantong University Griffith University

The global climate is intimately connected to changes in the polar oceans. The variability of sea ice coverage affects deep-water formations and large-scale thermohaline circulation patterns. The polar radiative budget is sensitive to sea-ice loss and consequent surface albedo changes. Aerosols and polar cloud microphysics are crucial players in the radioactive energy balance of the Arctic Ocean. The main biogenic source of sulfate aerosols to the atmosphere above remote seas is dimethylsulfide (DMS). Recent research suggests the flux of DMS to the Arctic atmosphere may change markedly under global warming. This paper describes climate data and DMS production (based on the five years from 1998 to 2002) in the region of the Barents Sea (30–35°E and 70–80°N). A DMS model is introduced together with an updated calibration method. A genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the chlorophyll-a (CHL) measurements (based on satellite SeaWiFS data) and DMS content (determined from cruise data collected in the Arctic). Significant interannual variation of the CHL amount leads to significant interannual variability in the observed and modeled production of DMS in the study region. Strong DMS production in 1998 could have been caused by a large amount of ice algae being released in the southern region. Forcings from a general circulation model (CSIRO Mk3) were applied to the calibrated DMS model to predict the zonal mean sea-to-air flux of DMS for contemporary and enhanced greenhouse conditions at 70–80°N. It was found that significantly decreasing ice coverage, increasing sea surface temperature and decreasing mixed-layer depth could lead to annual DMS flux increases of more than 100% by the time of equivalent CO2 tripling (the year 2080). This significant perturbation in the aerosol climate could have a large impact on the regional Arctic heat budget and consequences for global warming.

关键词： Arctic Ocean dimethyl sulfide mixed-layer depth chlorophyll-a dimethyl sulfoniopropionate

The relationships among aerosol optical depth, ice, phytoplankton and dimethylsulfide and the implication for future climate in the Greenland Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第5期37卷 13-21页

作者： QU Bo gabric albert j. ZHAO Li SUN Wenj.ng LI Hehe GU Peij.an j.ANG Limei ZENG Meifang School of Science Nantong University Nantong 226019 China School of Environment Griffith University Nathan Qld 4111 Australia j.rong Country Garden School Zhenjiang 212400 China Chinese Sinosoft Company Limited Beijing 100190 China Nanj.ng Kangni New Energy Auto Part Co. Ltd Nanjing 210000 China College of Basic Education Nantong Institute of Technology Nantong 226002 China Primary School Department Kunshan International School Kunshan 215300 China

The sea-to-air flux of dimethylsulphide（DMS） is one of the maj.r sources of marine biogenic aerosol, and can have an important radiative impact on climate, especially in the Arctic Ocean. Satellite-derived aerosol optical depth（AOD） is used as a proxy for aerosol burden which is dominated by biogenic aerosol during summer and autumn. The spring sea ice melt period is a strong source of aerosol precursors in the Arctic. However, high aerosol levels in early spring are likely related to advection of continental pollution from the south（Arctic haze）.Higher AOD was generally registered in the southern part of the study region. Sea ice concentration（SIC） and AOD were positively correlated, while cloud cover（CLD） and AOD were negative correlation. The seasonal peaks of SIC and CLD were both one month ahead of the peak in AOD. There is a strong positive correlation between AOD and SIC. Melting ice is positively correlated with chlorophyll a（CHL） almost through March to September,but negatively correlated with AOD in spring and early summer. Elevated spring and early summer AOD most likely were influenced by combination of melting ice and higher spring wind in the region. The peak of DMS flux occurred in spring due to the elevated spring wind and more melting ice. DMS concentration and AOD were positively correlated with melting ice from March to May. Elevated AOD in early autumn was likely related to the emission of biogenic aerosols associated with phytoplankton synthesis of DMS. The DMS flux would increase more than triple by 2100 in the Greenland Sea. The significant increase of biogenic aerosols could offset the warming in the Greenland Sea.

关键词： dimethylsulfide flux sea ice chlorophyll aerosol optical depth Greenland Sea

Comparison Between Early and Late 21stC Phytoplankton Biomass and Dimethylsulfide Flux in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean

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j.urnal of Ocean University of China 2020年第1期19卷 151-160页

作者： QU Bo albert j.1} j.ANG Limei LI Chunyue School of Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China School of Environment and Science Griffith UniversityNathan Qld 4111Australia Nantong Chong Chuan School Nantong 226000China Marketing Thermo Fisher ScientificShanghai 201206China

Time-series of chlorophyll-a(CHL),a proxy for phytoplankton biomass,and various satellite-derived climate indicators are compared in a region of the Subantarctic Southern Ocean(40°-60°S,110°-140°E)for years *** reached a minimum in winter(j.ne)and a maximum in late summer(early February).Zonal mean CHL decreased towards the *** sea surface temperature(SST)ranged between 8℃and 15℃and peaked in late *** and SST were positively correlated from March to j.ne,negatively correlated from j.ly to *** and wind speed(WIND)were negatively correlated with peak WIND occurred in *** direction(WIRD)was mostly in the southwest to westerly *** Antarctic Oscillation index(AAO)and CHL were negatively correlated(R=−0.58),indicating that as synoptic wind systems move southwards,CHL increases,and conversely when wind systems move northwards,CHL decreases.A genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the biogeochemical DMS model’s key *** 4×CO2(after year 2100)Regional mean SST increases 12%-17%,WIND increases 1.2ms−1,Cloud Cover increases 4.8%and mixed layer depth(MLD)decreases *** annual CHL increases 6.3%.The annual mean DMS flux increase 25.2%,increases 37%from day 1 to day 280 and decrease 3%from day 288 to day *** general increase of DMS flux under 4×CO2 conditions indicates the Subantarctic regional climate would be affected by changes in the DMS flux,with the potential for a cooling effect in the austral summer and autumn.

关键词： wind speed phytoplankton dimethylsulfide flux climate change subantarctic Southern Ocean

Biodegradation of alkylates under less agitated aquifer conditions

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1529-1538页

作者： j.y j. Cho Makram T. Suidan albert D. Venosa URS Corporation 7720N 16th St. Ste 100 Phoenix AZ 85020 USA Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of Beirut Dean's officeP.O.Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh 1107 2020 Beirut Lebanon US Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research LaboratoryCincinnati OH 45268 USA

The biodegradability of three alkylates （2,3-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane） under less agitated aquifer conditions was investigated in this study. All three alkylates biodegraded completely under these conditions regardless of the presence or absence of ethanol or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes （BTEX） in the feed. In the presence of ethanol, alkylates degradation was not inhibited by ethanol. However, alkylates degraded more slowly in the presence of BTEX suggesting competitive inhibition to microbial utilization of alkylates. In the sterile controls, alkylates concentrations remained unchanged throughout the experiments.

关键词： biodegradation alkylates inhibition BTEX ethanol

A Novel Multi-Channel Dispersion Slope Compensator Using Sampled FBG

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 -页

作者： j. j. Pan Claire Gu albert Li Lightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USADepartment of Electrical Engineering University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 95064 USALightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USA

A novel dispersion slope compensator is proposed and fabricated using a sampled fiber grating. The dispersion slope of this compensator is demonstrated to match that of Coming LS fiber for a multi-channel 50GHz WDM sy... 详细信息

关键词： A Novel Multi-Channel Dispersion Slope Compensator Using Sampled FBG in for as WDM with GHz

Hepatic inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2014年第10期20卷 2515-2532页

作者： albert j.Czaj. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN 55905 United States

Chronic liver inflammation drives hepatic fibrosis,and current immunosuppressive,anti-inflammatory,and anti-viral therapies can weaken this *** fibrosis is reversed,stabilized,or prevented in 57%-79%of patients by conventional treatment regimens,mainly by their anti-inflammatory ***,however,are commonly incomplete and inconsistently *** fibrotic mechanisms associated with liver inflammation have been clarified,and anti-fibrotic agents promise to improve outcomes as adj.nctive *** C virus and immune-mediated responses can activate hepatic stellate cells by increasing oxidative stress within *** can be synthesized by activated hepatic stellate cells and promote the production of reactive oxygen ***-oxidants(Nacetylcysteine,S-adenosyl-L-methionine,and vitamin E)and angiotensin inhibitors(losartin)have had antifibrotic actions in preliminary human studies,and they may emerge as supplemental ***-fibrotic agents presage a new era of supplemental treatment for chronic liver disease.

关键词： Inflammation Fibrosis Cirrhosis Treatment Anti-oxidants Angiotensin receptors Investigational drugs