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Hazards from lakes and reservoirs: new interpretation of the Vaiont disaster

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1717-1737页

作者： alan P.DYKES Edward N.BROMHEAD Centre for Engineering Environment and Society ResearchSchool of Engineering and the EnvironmentKingston UniversityPenrhyn RoadKingston upon ThamesKTi 2EEUK

Hazards in reservoirs and lakes arising from subaerial landslides causing impact waves(or ‘lake tsunamis’) are now well known, with several recent examples having been investigated in detail. The potential scale of such hazards was not widely known at the time of the Vaiont dam project in the 1950s and early 1960s, although a small wave triggered by a landslide at another new reservoir nearby in the Dolomites(northern Italy) drew the possible hazard to the attention of the Vaiont project’s managers. The Vaiont disaster in 1963 arose from a combination of disparate and seemingly unrelated factors and circumstances that led to an occurrence that could not have been imagined at that time. The ultimate cause was a very large landslide moving very rapidly into a reservoir and displacing the water. The resulting wave overtopped the dam to a height of around 175 m and around 2000 people were killed. This paper identifies and examines all of the issues surrounding the Vaiont dam and landslide in order to identify causal factors, contributory factors(including aggravating factors) and underlying factors. In doing so, it demonstrates that the disaster arose from the Vaiont dam project and cannot be attributed simply to the landslide. Underlying geological factors gave rise to the high speed of the landslide, which would have occurred anyway at some time. However, without the contributory factors that account for the presence of the reservoir, i.e. the choice of location for the project and management of the project with respect to a possible landslide hazard, there would have been no disaster. Indeed, the disaster could have been avoided if the reservoir could have been emptied pending further ground investigations. Understanding of this case provides many lessons for future dam projects in mountainous locations but also highlights an ongoing and perhaps under-appreciated risk from similar events involving other water bodies including geologically recent lakes formed behind n

关键词： Vaiont landslide Impulse wave Lake tsunami Dam project Causal factors for disaster

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Investigation on the Chinese Text Sentiment Analysis Based on Convolutional Neural Networks in Deep Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2019年第3期58卷 697-709页

作者： Feng Xu Xuefen Zhang Zhanhong Xin alan Yang School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China Smart City College Beijing Union UniversityBeijing100101China Amphenol Assemble Tech HoustonTX 77070USA.

Nowadays,the amount of wed data is increasing at a rapid speed,which presents a serious challenge to the web *** sentiment analysis,an important research topic in the area of natural language processing,is a crucial task in the web monitoring *** accuracy of traditional text sentiment analysis methods might be degraded in dealing with mass *** learning is a hot research topic of the artificial intelligence in the recent *** now,several research groups have studied the sentiment analysis of English texts using deep learning *** contrary,relatively few works have so far considered the Chinese text sentiment analysis toward this *** this paper,a method for analyzing the Chinese text sentiment is proposed based on the convolutional neural network(CNN)in deep learning in order to improve the analysis *** feature values of the CNN after the training process are nonuniformly *** order to overcome this problem,a method for normalizing the feature values is ***,the dimensions of the text features are optimized through ***,a method for updating the learning rate in the training process of the CNN is presented in order to achieve better *** results on the typical datasets indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method can be improved compared with that of the traditional supervised machine learning methods,e.g.,the support vector machine method.

关键词： Convolutional neural network(CNN) deep learning learning rate normalization sentiment analysis.

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A geospatial search engine for discovering multi-format geospatial data across the web

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第1期9卷 47-62页

作者： Christopher Bone alan Ager Ken Bunzel Lauren Tierney Department of Geography University of OregonEugeneORUSA USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat CenterPrinevilleORUSA Kingbird Software MoscowIDUSA

The volume of publically available geospatial data on the web is rapidly increasing due to advances in server-based technologies and the ease at which data can now be ***,challenges remain with connecting individuals searching for geospatial data with servers and websites where such data *** objective of this paper is to present a publically available Geospatial Search Engine(GSE)that utilizes a web crawler built on top of the Google search engine in order to search the web for geospatial *** crawler seeding mechanism combines search terms entered by users with predefined keywords that identify geospatial data services.A procedure runs daily to update map server layers and metadata,and to eliminate servers that go *** GSE supports Web Map Services,ArcGIS services,and websites that have geospatial data for *** applied the GSE to search for all available geospatial services under these formats and provide search results including the spatial distribution of all obtained *** enhancements to our GSE and to web crawler technology in general lie ahead,our work represents an important step toward realizing the potential of a publically accessible tool for discovering the global availability of geospatial data.

关键词： geospatial data web crawler search engine Web Map Service data access

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A case of phenibut withdrawal and treatment with baclofen

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第4期14卷 338-340页

作者： Michael Morris James Espinosa alan Lucerna Robin Lahr Department of Emergency Medicine Rowan University SOM/Jefferson StratfordNJ 08084USA Emergency Medicine Residency Program Director Rowan University SOM/Jefferson StratfordNJ 08084USA

Phenibut(β-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid)is a psychoactive gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)analog marketed online as a nutritional and nootropic(cognition enhancing)*** consumption poses a high risk of potential *** from phenibut mimics benzodiazepine and alcohol withdrawal and can be dangerous.A number of approaches have been described for phenibut withdrawal,including protocols that include baclofen,but for inpatient and outpatient *** we describe a 30-year-old male who presented to an emergency department(ED)with insomnia,anxiety and palpitations after he stopped taking phenibut.

关键词： treatment withdrawal alcohol

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Cooperative Relay Selection Mechanism in Multi-Hop Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第4期63卷 119-130页

作者： Jian Liu Lei Wang Changming Zhao alan Yang University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China College of Computer Science Sichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Amphenol Assemble Tech HoustonTX 77070USA

In this paper, we consider a three-hop relay system based on interference cancellation technique in Underlay cognitive radio (CR) network. Although underlay CR has been shown as a promising technique to better utilize the source of primary users (PUs), its secondary performance will be severely degraded. On one hand, by adapting the Underlay spectrum sharing pattern, secondary users (SUs) would observe the strict power constraints and be interfered by primary users. On the other hand, limited transmit power results in limited transmission range, which greatly degrade the secondary transmission capacity. To solve the problems above, we propose an interference cancellation protocol for multi-hop wireless communication networks in underlay CR, which could develop the long-distance transmission performance and improve the transmission efficiency significantly. As simulation results shows, proposed scheme significantly reduce the secondary outage probability and increase the secondary diversity than the traditional cases.

关键词： Cognitive relay networks interference cancellation power control secondary outage probability

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Magnesium casting technology for structural applications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2013年第1期1卷 2-22页

作者： alan A.Luo Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

This paper summarizes the melting and casting processes for magnesium *** also reviews the historical development of magnesium castings and their structural uses in the western world since 1921 when Dow began producing magnesium *** casting technology was well developed during and after World War II,both in gravity sand and permanent mold casting as well as high-pressure die casting,for aerospace,defense and automotive *** the last 20 years,most of the development has been focused on thin-wall die casting applications in the automotive industry,taking advantages of the excellent castability of modern magnesium ***,the continued expansion of magnesium casting applications into automotive,defense,aerospace,electronics and power tools has led to the diversification of casting processes into vacuum die casting,low-pressure die casting,squeeze casting,lost foam casting,ablation casting as well as semi-solid *** paper will also review the historical,current and potential structural use of magnesium with a focus on automotive *** technical challenges of magnesium structural applications are also *** worldwide energy demand,environment protection and government regulations will stimulate more applications of lightweight magnesium castings in the next few *** development of use of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering(ICME)tools will accelerate the applications of magnesium castings in structural applications.

关键词： casting magnesium structural

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Genome-wide association mapping and genomic prediction of stalk rot in two mid-altitude tropical maize populations

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 558-568页

作者： Junqiao Song Angela Pacheco Amos Alakonya Andrea S.Cruz-Morales Carlos Muoz-zavala Jingtao Qu Chunping Wang Xuecai Zhang Felix San Vicente Thanda Dhliwayo College of Agronomy Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471000HenanChina International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) El BatanMexico Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang 455000HenanChina CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center Crop Breedingand Cultivation Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 201403China

Maize stalk rot reduces grain yield and *** about the genetics of resistance to maize stalk rot could help breeders design effective breeding strategies for the *** prediction may be a more effective breeding strategy for stalk-rot resistance than marker-assisted *** performed a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and genomic prediction of resistance in testcross hybrids of 677 inbred lines from the Tuxpe?o and non-Tuxpe?o heterotic pools grown in three environments and genotyped with 200,681 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Eighteen SNPs associated with stalk rot shared genomic regions with gene families previously associated with plant biotic and abiotic *** favorable SNP haplotypes traced to tropical than to temperate progenitors of the inbred *** genotype-by-environment(G×E)interaction increased genomic prediction accuracy.

关键词： Maize stalk rot Genome-wide association mapping Haplotype analysis Genomic prediction G×E interaction

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Molecular and Isotopic Characteristics of Mature Condensates from the East China Sea Shelf Basin Using GC×GC-TOFMS and GC-IRMS

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第2期30卷 376-386页

作者： Chao Shan Jiaren Ye alan Scarlett Kliti Grice Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre and John de Laeter Centrethe Institute for Geoscience ResearchDepartment of Applied ChemistryCurtin University of Technology

In this study, biomarkers, together with stable carbon(δ13 C) and hydrogen(δD) isotopic compositions of n-alkanes have been examined in a suite of condensates collected from the East China Sea Shelf Basin(ECSSB) in order to delineate their source organic matter input, depositional conditions and evaluate their thermal maturity. Previously, GC-MS analyses have shown that all the condensates are formed in oxidizing environment with terrestrial plants as their main source input. No significant differences were apparent for biomarker parameters, likely due to the low biomarker content and high maturity of these condensates. Conventional GC-MS analysis however, may provides limited information on the sources and thermal maturity of complex mixtures due to insufficient component resolution. In the current study, we used comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) to increase the chromatographic resolution. Compounds such as alkyl cyclohexanes, alkyl cyclopentanes and diamondoids, which can be difficult to identify using conventional GC-MS analysis, were successfully identified using GC×GC-TOFMS. From our analyses we propose two possibly unreported indicators, including one maturity indicator(C5--cyclohexane/C5+-cyclohexane) and one oxidation-reduction environment indicator(alkyl-cyclohexane/alkyl-cyclopentane). Multiple petroleum charging events were proposed as an explanation for the maturity indicators indexes discrepancy between methyl-phenanthrene index(MPI) and methyl-adamantane index(MDI). In addition, the stable isotopic results show that condensates from the Paleogene have significantly higher positive δ13 C values of individual n-alkanes than the Neogene samples. Based on δD values, the samples can be divided into two groups, the differences between which are likely to be attributed to different biosynthetic precursors. Variation within each group can likely be attributed to vaporization.

关键词： condensate biomarker characteristic source information GC×GC-TOFMS GC-IRMS

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Assets and tactics in a mating market： Economic models of negotiation offer insights into animal courtship dynamics on the lek

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 225-236页

作者： Gail L. PATRICELLI alan H. KRAKAUER Richard MCELREATH Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Anthropology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Economists study negotiation as a series of events--partner choice, information gathering, bargaining, etc.--with each step of the process affecting the outcome of the next, and the optimal decision at each stage depending on the player＇s bargaining power. The context in which these negotiations occur--the market--is critical, since players can adjust their behaviors in response to outside offers. Animals similarly are faced with sequential decisions regarding courtship： who to court, how to approach a potential mate, at what level to display, when to give up, etc. Thus economic models of negotiation in a market provide a framework in which we can view not just the outcome of courtship （assortative mating）, but also the process, where each sex can use tactics to improve their negotiating outcome, using the assets that they have available. Here we propose to use negotiation as a conceptual framework to explore the factors promoting tactical adjustments during sequential stages of courtship in lekking species. Our goal is to discuss the utility of negotiation as a heuristic tool, as well as the promise and peril of co-opting game theoretic models from economics to understand animal interactions. We will provide a brief overview of a few areas where we see promise for using negotiation as a framework to understand animal courtship dynamics： choice of a display territory, tactical partner choice for negotiation, approaching a potential partner and courtship haggling .

关键词： Bargaining Game theory Lek Sexual selection Signaling Negotiation

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A Novel GLS Consensus Algorithm for Alliance Chain in Edge Computing Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第10期65卷 963-976页

作者： Huijuan Wang Jiang Yong Qingwei Liu alan Yang Information Security Department of the First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security of China Beijing100084China College of NBC Defense Beijing100084China Amphenol Assemble Tech HoustonTX 77070USA

Edge computing devices are widely *** important issue that arises is in that these devices suffer from security *** deal with it,we turn to the blockchain *** note in the alliance chain need rules to limit write *** chain can provide security management functions,using these functions to meet the management between the members,certification,authorization,monitoring and *** article mainly analyzes some requirements realization which applies to the alliance chain,and introduces a new consensus algorithm,generalized Legendre sequence(GLS)consensus algorithm,for alliance *** algorithms inherit the recognition and verification efficiency of binary sequence ciphers in computer communication and can solve a large number of nodes verification of key distribution *** the alliance chain,GLS consensus algorithm can complete node address hiding,automatic task sorting,task automatic grouping,task node scope confirmation,task address binding and stamp ***,the GLS consensus algorithm increases the difficulty of network malicious attack.

关键词： Alliance chain consensus algorithm GLS data local sharing arithmetic cross-correlation

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