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g.notoxicity Tests and Their Contributions in Aquatic Environm.ntal Research

Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2014年第14期5卷 1391-1399页

作者： alaa g. m. osman Departm.nt of Zoolog. Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch) Assiut Egypt Departm.nt of Ecophysiolog. and Aquaculture Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany

As m.ny chem.cals with g.notoxic potential are em.tted to surface water, g.notoxicity tests are g.ining.im.ortance which led to the developm.nt of several techniques to detect directly DNA dam.g.. The relevance of detecting.the g.notoxic risks associated with water pollution was firstly perceived in the late 1970s. Since that tim. several tests have been developed for evaluating.DNA alterations in aquatic anim.ls. These tests rely on the prem.se that any chang.s to DNA m.y have long.lasting.and profound consequences. Sister chrom.tid test, chrom.som. aberrations, com.t assay, and m.cronucleus test are currently the m.st widely em.loyed m.thods to detect DNA lesions in ecotoxicolog.. Chrom.som.l aberration and sister chrom.tid exchang.s are tim. consum.ng. resource intensive and require proliferating.cell population. Hence, Com.t assay and m.cronucleus test as cost effective and m.re sensitive test system. have now been introduced for assessing.the g.notoxicity of chem.cals. This review presents a synthesis of the state of the art in the m.thodolog.es of com.t assay and m.cronucleus test and their contributions in aquatic environm.ntal research. The text explores the latest knowledg. and thinking.on these very im.ortant approaches for the assessm.nt of environm.ntal health, m.nag.m.nt, and conservation. The prim.ry concern of the present review is the m.asurem.nt of g.notoxic potential in aquatic org.nism. under field and laboratory conditions, where effects of chem.cals at different levels of biolog.cal org.nization can be exam.ned.

关键词： Aquatic Environm.ntal Research g.notoxicity Tests Aquatic Org.nism. Com.t Assay m.cronucleus Test

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Biom.rkers in Nile Tilapia <i&g.;Oreochrom.s niloticus niloticus</i&g.;(Linnaeus, 1758) to Assess the Im.acts of River Nile Pollution: Bioaccum.lation, Biochem.cal and Tissues Biom.rkers

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2012年第8期3卷 966-977页

作者： alaa g. m. osman Departm.nt of Zoolog. Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch) 71524 Assiut Egypt

The use of biom.rkers has becom. an im.ortant tool for m.dern environm.ntal assessm.nt as they can help to predict pollutants involved in the m.nitoring.prog.am. Here I present data on bioaccum.lation, biochem.cal and tissues biom.rkers in Nile tilapia as early warning.indicators of river Nile pollution. Nile tilapia sam.led from.downstream.sites accum.lated hig.er levels of all the detected heavy m.tals than those collected from.upstream.sites. Heavy m.tal residues in the tissues of Nile tilapia exhibited different patterns of accum.lation and distribution am.ng.the selected tissues. Rem.rkable alterations in the activities of g.ucose-6-phosphate dehydrog.nase (g.PDH) and lactate dehydrog.nase (LDH) in the tissues of Nile tilapia were detected. These alterations were followed, in the present study, by the occurrence of histolog.cal lesions in liver and g.ll tissues of fish collected from.the sam. sites. Alterations in bioaccum.lation patterns, in enzym. activities and in histolog. g. in parallel with the elevation in the levels of water chem.cal param.ters detected in the downstream.sites as a result of pollution stress in these areas. These results provide evidence that bioaccum.lation, biochem.cal and tissues biom.rkers can be sensitive indicators of exposure to m.xed pollutants in surface waters.

关键词： Biom.rkers Bioaccum.lation Enzym. Activities Histopatholog. Nile Tilapia River Nile

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Water Quality and Heavy m.tal m.nitoring.in Water, Sedim.nts, and Tissues of the African Catfish Clarias g.riepinus (Burchell, 1822) from.the River Nile, Eg.pt

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2010年第4期1卷 389-400页

作者： alaa g. m. osman Werner Kloas 不详

Water quality of the river Nile and trace elem.nts of the water, sedim.nts and fish tissues were investig.ted in the current work. Eig.teen different sam.ling.points were selected along.the whole course of the River Nile from.its spring.at Aswan to its estuaries at Rosetta and Dam.etta. Hig.er m.an value of conductivity, alkalinity, chem.cal oxyg.n dem.nd (COD), total org.nic carbon (TOC), am.onia (NH3), nitrate (NO3), total solid (TS), sulphate (SO4), chloride (Cl), orthophosphate were recorded in the water of Dam.etta and Rosetta branches com.aring.to other sites. Also trace m.tals in the water, sedim.nts and tissues of Clarias g.riepinus increased sig.ificantly (P Fe > Cu > Pb > m. > Cr> Cd > Hg. In the g.ll tissues theses m.tals were accum.lated in the following.order Fe > Zn > m. > Pb > Cr > Cu > Cd> Hg. The low accum.lation of m.tals in m.scle m.y be due to lack of binding.affinity of these m.tals with the proteins of m.scle. This is particularly im.ortant because m.scles contribute the g.eatest m.ss of the flesh that is consum.d as food.

关键词： Water Quality Sedim.nt River Nile Clarias g.riepinus Heavy m.tals Aquatic Pollution

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Enzym.tic and histopatholog.c biom.rkers as indicators of aquatic pollution in fishes

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Natural Science 2010年第11期2卷 1302-1311页

作者： alaa g. m. osman Abd-El –Baset m. Abd El Reheem.Khalid Y. AbuelFadl Ali g. g.dEl- Rab 不详

In the present study we investig.ted the alteration in the activity of two m.tabolic enzym.s [g.ucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrog.nase (g.PDH) and Lactate Dehydrog.nase (LDH)] and the histolog.cal chang.s on liver and g.lls of the African catfish Clarias g.riepinus collected from.6 sites along.the river Nile, from.its spring.at Aswan to its estuary at Rosetta and Dam.etta branches. The results showed that the physical and chem.cal param.ters of the water collected from.Dam.etta and Rosetta branches were hig.er than those of the water collected from.other sites. Rem.rkable alterations in the activity of the selected enzym.s in the liver and m.scles of the African catfish were detected. These alterations g. in parallel with the elevation in the levels of chem.cal param.ters detected in the water of Dam.etta and Rosetta branches as a result of pollution stress in these areas. The activity of g.PDH was sig.ificantly (p m.Aswan to Rosetta and Dam.etta recording.the hig.est value at Rosetta followed by Dam.etta water. The activity of LDH showed a sig.ificant elevation (p m.scles of fishes collected from.Rosetta and Dam.etta branches com.aring.to other sites. These alterations in enzym.tic activities were followed, in the present study, by the occurrence of histolog.cal lesions and clear dam.g. in liver and g.ll tissues of the African catfish collected from.the sam. sites. Thus we m.y conclude that, the altered activities of g.PDH and LDH could be useful biom.rkers of water pollution. At the sam. tim., histopatholog. provides a reliable, easily quantifiable index of low-level toxic stress to a broad rang. of environm.ntal pollutants.

关键词： m.tabolic enzym. Histopatholog. Biom.rker aquatic pollution Rive Nile African catfish

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Evidence supporting.the relationship between m.ternal asthm. and risk for autism.spectrum.disorders

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1101-1102页

作者： Hadley osman Paul Ashwood Departm.nt of m.dical m.crobiolog. and Im.unolog. and the M.I.N.D.InstituteUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA

During.preg.ancy,m.ternal im.une activation(m.A),due to infection,chronic inflam.atory disorders,or toxic exposures,can result in lasting.health im.acts on the developing.*** has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopm.ntal disorders,such as autism.spectrum.disorder(ASD)in the *** is characterized by increased repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and decreased *** of 2020,1 in 36 children are diag.osed with ASD by the ag. of 8 years,with ASD rates continuing.to increase in prevalence in USA(Tam.yo et al.,2023).Post-m.rtem.brain studies,biom.rker and transcriptom.c studies,and epidem.olog. studies have provided com.elling.evidence of im.une dysreg.lation in the circulation and brain of individuals diag.osed with ***,the etiolog. of ASD is larg.ly unknown,however,g.netic com.onents and environm.ntal factors can contribute to increased *** allerg.c asthm.(m.A),a form.of m.A,has been identified as a potential risk factor for developing.neurodevelopm.ntal disorders(Patel et al.,2020).Asthm. is a chronic inflam.atory condition driven by a T-helper type(TH)2 im.une response.

关键词： disorders epidem.olog. fetus

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Im.act of Zika virus non-structural protein m.tations on hippocam.al dam.g.

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2307-2308页

作者： Larissa m.g.Cassiano Roney S.Coim.ra Neurog.nôm.ca/Im.nopatolog.a Instituto RenéRachouFiocruzBelo HorizonteBrazil Departam.nto de Bioquím.ca e Im.nolog.a Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil

The Zika virus(ZIKV),a m.m.er of the Flaviviridae fam.ly,attracted worldwide attention for its connection to severe neurolog.cal effects,notably m.crocephaly in newborns,first reported during.the 2015 epidem.c in ***,its im.act g.es beyond fetal and neonatal abnorm.lities,also affecting.the central nervous system.CNS)in both children and adults,leading.to enduring.cog.itive and behavioral im.airm.nts.

关键词： dam.g. fetal neonatal

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Herbal com.ounds as prom.sing.therapeutic ag.nts in precision m.dicine strateg.es for cancer:A system.tic review

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Journal of Integ.ative m.dicine 2024年第2期22卷 137-162页

作者： Bizhar Ahm.d Tayeb Ikhwan Yuda Kusum. alaa A.m.osman Renáta m.norics Institute of Pharm.codynam.cs and Biopharm.cy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Szeged6720 SzegedHungary Institution of Clinical Pharm.cy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Szeged6725 SzegedHungary Departm.nt of Clinical Pharm.cy and Pharm.cy Practice Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Gezira20 Wad MadaniSudan Pharm.cy Study Prog.am Facuity of HealthUniversitas Harapan BangsaPurwokerto 53182Indonesia

Backg.ound:The field of personalized m.dicine has g.ined increasing.attention in cancer care,with the aim.of tailoring.treatm.nt strateg.es to individual patients for im.roved *** m.dicine,with its long.standing.historical use and extensive bioactive com.ounds,offers a rich source of potential treatm.nts for various diseases,including.***:To provide an overview of the current knowledg. and evidence associated with incorporating.herbal com.ounds into precision m.dicine strateg.es for cancer ***,to explore the g.neral characteristics of the studies included in the analysis,focusing.on their key features and *** strateg.:A com.rehensive literature search was conducted from.m.ltiple online databases,including.Pub m.d,Scopus,Web of Science,and *** search strateg. was desig.ed to identify studies related to personalized cancer m.dicine and herbal *** criteria:Publications pertaining.to cancer research conducted throug. in vitro,in vivo,and clinical studies,em.loying.natural products were included in this *** extraction and analysis:Two review authors independently applied inclusion and inclusion criteria,data extraction,and assessm.nts of m.thodolog.cal *** quality assessm.nt and biases of the studies were evaluated based on m.dified Jadad scales.A detailed quantitative sum.ary of the included studies is presented,providing.a com.rehensive description of their key features and ***:A total of 121 studies were included in this review for *** of them.were considered as com.rehensive experim.ntal investig.tions both in vitro and in *** m.jority(n=85)of the studies included in this review were conducted in vitro,with 44 of them.specifically investig.ting.the effects of herbal m.dicine on anim.l ***,7 articles with a com.ined sam.le size of 31,271 patients,exam.ned the im.act of herbal m.dicine in clinical ***:Personal

关键词： Cancer Herbal m.dicine Personalized m.dication Active phytochem.cals Natural com.ound

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Hig.-pressure investig.tions on Piplia Kalan eucrite m.teorite using.in-situ X-ray diffraction and ^(57)Fe m.ssbauer spectroscopic technique up to 16 g.a

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g.oscience Frontiers 2016年第2期7卷 265-271页

作者： Usha Chandra K.K. Pandey g. Parthasarathy Surinder m. Sharm. Departm.nt of Physics University of Rajasthan Jaipur 302 004 India Hig. Pressure & Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai 400 085 India CSIR-National g.ophysical Research Institute Uppal Road Hyderabad 500 007 India

We report here hig.-pressure investig.tions on Piplia Kalan eucrite-a m.m.er of HED （Howardite -Eucrite-Diog.nite） fam.ly from.asteroid 4-Vesta based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction （up to 16 g.a） and ^57Fe m.ssbauer spectroscopy （up to 8 g.a）. Dom.nant with anorthite-rich plag.oclase, pig.onite-rich pyroxene and clino-ferrosilite, the sam.le displayed various phase transitions attaining.am.rphous character at 16 g.a. These phase transitions of individual com.onents could be explained sim.ltaneously throug. variations in hig.-pressure XRD patterns and the m.ssbauer param.ters. m.st prom.nent P21/c to C2/c transition of pig.onite and ferrosilite was exhibited both as sudden variation in m.ssbauer param.ters and population inversion of Fe^2＋ in m. and m. sites between 2.9 and 3.8 g.a and variation in intensity profile in XRD patterns at 3.56 g.a. Anorthite seem.d to respond m.re to such im.act than other com.onents in the sam.le. Com.lete am.rphization in anorthite which occurred at lower pressure of - 12 g.a im.lied residual stress experienced due to shock im.act. The presence of hig. pressure （m.noclinic） phase of pig.onite and ferrosilite at am.ient condition in this eucrite sam.le confirm.d earlier sug.estions of an early shock event. This report is an attem.t to em.hasize the role of anorthite in the determ.nation of the residual stress due to im.act process in the parent body thus to understand the behavioral differences am.ng.t HED m.m.ers.

关键词： m.teorites Hig. pressure X-ray diffraction m.ssbauer spectroscopy Eucrites synchrotron radiation Ferrosilite

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CFD Based Determ.nation of Dynam.c Stability Derivatives in Yaw for a Bird

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Journal of Bionic Eng.neering 2007年第4期4卷 201-208页

作者： m. A. m.elyadi g. Sachs Aeronautics and Astronautics Departm.nt Bandung Institute of Technology Ganesha 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia Institute of Flig.t m.chanics and Flig.t Control Technische Universitt München Boltzmannstrasse 15 85748 Garching Germany

Dynam.c yaw stability derivatives of a g.ll bird are determ.ned using.Com.utational Fluid Dynam.cs（CFD） m.thod. Two kinds of m.tions are applied for calculating.the dynam.c yaw stability derivatives CNr and CNβ. The first one relates to a lateral translation and, separately, to a yaw rotation. The second one consists of a com.ined translational and rotational m.tion. To determ.ne dynam.c yaw stability derivatives, the sim.lation of an unsteady flow with a bird m.del showing.a harm.nic m.tion is perform.d. The flow solution for each tim. step is obtained by solving.unsteady Euler equations based on a finite volum. approach for a sm.ll reduced frequency. Then, an evaluation of unsteady forces and m.m.nts for one cycle is conducted using.harm.nic Fourier analysis. The results of the dynam.c yaw stability derivatives for both sim.lations of the m.del show a g.od ag.eem.nt.

关键词： dynam.c yaw stability CFD Fourier analysis unsteady aerodynam.cs reduced frequency

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Tribolog.cal Characterization of Hybrid m.tal m.trix Com.osites Processed by Powder m.tallurg.

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Acta m.tallurg.ca Sinica(Eng.ish Letters) 2017年第8期30卷 781-790页

作者： m. m.g.hed m. A. Attia m. Abdelham.ed A. g. El-Shafei Departm.nt of m.chanical Desig. and Production Eng.neering Faculty of EngineeringZagazig UniversityP.O.Box 44519ZagazigEgypt

Alum.num.（Al）-based alum.num.oxide （Al2O3） and silicon carbide （SIC） particles hybrid m.tal m.trix com. posites were processed by powder m.tallurg. technique, followed by sintering.at 500 ℃ and then hot extrusion. The tribolog.cal properties of these com.osites with different weig.t fractions of Al2O3 and SiC were investig.ted; extrusion process sig.ificantly reduces the extent of porosity after cold com.action and sintering.processes. Hybridization of the two reinforcem.nts im.roved hardness and wear resistance of the com.osites. With an increase in SiC content, hardness was increased and consequently the wear resistance was enhanced also. Scanning.electron m.croscopy observations show a better interfacial bond between m.trix and reinforcem.nts and a better distribution of the reinforcem.nts.

关键词： Hybrid m.tal m.trix com.osite Powder m.tallurg. Abrasive wear Hardness Porosity

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