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Modified criterion for prediction of tunnel deformation in non-squeezing ground conditions

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2019年第1期27卷 11-24页

作者： ako Daraei Shokrollah Zare Faculty of Mining Petroleum and Geophysics EngineeringShahrood University of Technology

The strength factor-based criterion for tunnel deformation prediction proposed by Hoek in 2000 is reckoned to be the most practical criterion among the tunnel deformation criteria since 1980s. In view of the fact that Hoek's criterion was obtained based on case studies under squeezing ground conditions, it has a limited range of applications, applicable mainly in squeezing tunnels. In this work, this criterion was modified by taking into consideration the conditions of eight unstable stations in three non-squeezing tunnels in Iran to amplify its application range. Relative displacements and strength factor(defined as a strength-to-stress ratio) were obtained in unstable stations first. Then, the parametric values were plotted on a Cartesian coordinate's plane. By using the optimal regression line passing through all points, a criterion for prediction of tunnel deformation was proposed finally. A comparison made between the measured values and the ones predicted by the new criterion shows that the variance accounted for was 77% and the root mean square error was 2%, an acceptable accuracy and a small error implying the effectiveness of the new criterion in tunnel deformation prediction. In addition, the results show that the strength factor of 0.38 can be used to determine the boundary between squeezing and non-squeezing conditions; the behavior and type of failure of the tunnel would be predictable by use of the strength factor.

关键词： Strength factor Tunnel deformation Monitoring Failure type Tunneling

Biodegradation of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid by a Newly-Isolated <i>Microbacterium</i>Strain

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第3期2卷 303-309页

作者： Naofumi Shiomi Maiko ako School of Human Sciences Kobe College Nishinomiya Japan

We searched for a superior melamine-degrading bacterium for the bioremediation of melamine. Cyanuric acid, which is a by-product produced during the biodegradation of melamine, shows strong nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the melamine-degrading bacterium is also required to show a high ability to degrade cyanuric acid. We selected a melamine-degrading strain (MEL1) among ten cyanuric acid-degrading bacteria isolated from the soil. The species of MEL1 strain was Microbacterium esteramaticum or was extremely similar to that species, and the enzymatic activity of the melamine deaminase in the MEL1 strain was similar to that in the NRRLB-12227 strain. The ability of the MEL1 strain to degrade cyanuric acid was higher than its ability to degrade melamine, and therefore, the accumulation of by-products (ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid) during the degradation of melamine was minimal. These results suggest that the MEL1 strain is useful for the bioremediation of melamine.

关键词： Melamine Cyanuric Acid Melamine Deaminase Microbacterium

Oral Health Patterns among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Bamenda

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第6期13卷 1111-1126页

作者： William ako Takang Akwa Divine Mbong Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Introduction: Pregnancy can be a risk factor for dental diseases as oral tissues are liable to changes due to hormonal variations. High levels of secretion of progesterone predispose gums tissues to inflammation leading to gingivitis. Also, oral pathologies in pregnant women can adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. This may be because pro-inflammatory cytokines are released into the system of the pregnant woman, which can reach the womb, causing harm to the baby. Pathogenic bacteria can also get into circulation leading to septicemia. This can cause abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, pre-eclampsia and many others. There is a high prevalence of oral diseases in pregnant women in developing countries, but just a few of them actually access dental care services. This is more rampant in countries with no oral health programs and where oral health is not included in the antenatal care package. Lack of knowledge about the importance of oral health to pregnancy outcome, cost of dental treatment, as well as fear of the effect of dental treatment on pregnancy, are among the barriers to pregnant women not accessing dental care services during pregnancy. Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the oral health status among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Bamenda. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out on 295 pregnant women attending ANC in Nkwen, Mankon, and Bamendankwen, which have specialized dental units and so all these pregnan

关键词： Pregnant Women Dental Caries Periodontal Diseases

Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Maternal Outcomes of Lower Genital Tract Injuries in the Bamenda Regional Hospital

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第5期12卷 417-433页

作者： Takang ako Wiliiam Leke J. I. Robert Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

BACKGROUND: Tears of the genital tract are lesions resulting from the breakage of the continuity of the lower genital tract during childbirth. These injuries are associated with high maternal morbidity or mortality if severe, poorly managed or delayed in repair. It is a frequent complication of vaginal delivery. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, demographic characteristics, risk factors, patterns and the t-term maternal outcomes of lower genital tract injuries in the labour room and the post-natal ward of the Bamenda Regional Hospital. METHODS: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of women managed for genital tract injuries following vaginal birth in the Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH) from March 2019 to July 2019. A non-probabilistic, consecutive and exhaustive sampling technique was used to select participants (sample size estimated at 237). Among those selected were women who had a vaginal birth. However, the researchers’ interest was particularly centered on the women who had genital tract injuries. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS version 22 software. RESULTS: In total, 310 participants were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 26.1 years (SD = 5.2), while the median age was 25 years (interquartile range = 22 - 29). Of the 310 participants included in the study, 128 developed a birth tract injury giving a prevalence of 41.3% (95% CI, 35.8 - 47.0). The most common type of injury was spontaneous tears (33.9%), the majority of which were perineal (30.6%) compared to episiotomies (7.4%). Most perineal tears were first degree tears (23.2%) followed by second-degree tears (6.8%). Third-degree perineal tears were rare (0.6%). We did not have any cases of fourth-degree perineal tears. We also encountered a few cases of cervical tears (0.6%). The factors associated with birth tract injury were assessed using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. On bivariate

关键词： Genital Tract Episiotomy Prevalence Perineum Cervix Vagina

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Trichomoniasis, Bacterial Vaginosis, and Candidiasis among Pregnant Women in a Regional Hospital in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第5期12卷 443-464页

作者： Takang ako Wiliiam Nubia Babila Helen K. Kimbi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Introduction: Several microorganisms cause vaginal infections. Some of them include: Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardneralla vaginalis, Bacteriodes spp., Mobilincus and Candida albicans. In pregnancy, these infections are associated with considerable discomfort and adverse pregnancy outcome including preterm delivery, low birth weight, spontaneous abortions among others. Aims: Bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal trichomoniasis and candidiasis in pregnant women are associated with considerable discomfort and adverse pregnancy outcome (preterm delivery and low birth weight). We attempted to determine the prevalence of these conditions in Regional Hospital Bamenda. Methods: A total of 200 vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women after the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. The samples were analyzed using wet mount (Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp.), and the Gram stain (Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida spp.). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate association between vaginal symptoms and their risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of vaginal infections was 49.5%, with trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis being 2% (4), 27% (54) and 32% (64), respectively. No formal education (AOR = 0.908;95% CI: -20.72 - 35.62;p = 0.001) and practice of douching (16.93: -0.201 - 29.692;p = 0.005) were found to be independent risk factors for trichomoniasis. Malodourous greenish vagina discharges (18.52;2.96 - 60.307;p = 0.005) were associated with trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis. White (6.566;17.785 - 21.836;p = 0.004) and yellowish (3.404;20.127 - 23.457;p = 0.004) vaginal discharges were independent risk factors for mycotic vagina infections. Multivariate analysis revealed that the only risk factor significantly associated to VVC in this study was the use of both water cistern and pit toilet (AOR = 3.684;95% CI: 0.388 - 2.649;p = 0.010). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of vaginal infections. Early trea

关键词： Trichomoniasis Bacterial Vaginosis Vulvovagina Candidiasis Infection Prev-alence Factors Associated Pregnant Women

Primary Dysmenorrhea;Prevalence, Treatment Practices and Impact among High School Students in 2 Secondary Schools in Bafoussam

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第8期12卷 731-759页

作者： Takang William ako Egbe Thomas Obichemti Foueliefack Ymele Florent Wateh Pierre Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Bamenda Regional Hospital North West Region Bamenda Cameroon

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as pelvic pain during menstrual flow in the absence of a pelvic pathology. It is one of the most common gynaecological complaints worldwide and the most common cause of school and work absenteeism among menstruating females. In adolescent students the impact includes reduced attention in class, inability to study at home, school absenteeism among others. Yet these students have to study at the same pace as their peers, raising the concern of whether the problems caused by primary dysmenorrhea have an effect on academic their academic performance. Aim: Determine the prevalence, treatment practices and impact of primary dysmenorrhea on the studies of post-pubertal high school students in Bafoussam. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study design using a two-stage sampling method;the first stage was by convenience to choose the school, and the second stage was consecutive to recruit the students. Data was collected using a semi-structured pretested self-report and anonymous questionnaire. Analysis was done using software IBM®SPSS statistics version 23 for windows. Categorical variables were summarised in to frequencies and percentages while the comparison of categorical variables was done using a Chi-square test, and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: our sample size was 898 and the mean age of our respondents (±SD) was 17.6 (±1.6) years. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 71.9%, with 11.6% mild pain, 52.5% moderate pain and 35.9% severe pain on a visual analogue scale. Over 38% did not attempt pain-relieving measures while others took analgesics, traditional preparations, heat packs among others. Among these students, 39% reported school absenteeism due to pain, other impacts were decreased attention in class, inability to study at home during pain and punishment from school authorities for failing to fulfil certain duties li

关键词： Primary Dysmenorrhoea High School Students Impact Academic Performance

Syphilis and HIV Infection among Pregnant Women Previously Screened Negative during Their First Antenetal Care Visit (ANC) at Some Selected Health Facilities in the Buea Health District, Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第7期11卷 50-65页

作者： Mbanya Gladice Mbanya Njunda Anna Longdoh Ngouakam Hermann Simon Eyongabane ako Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM) Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Pharmaceutical Studies School of Health Science Biaka University Institute of Buea Buea Cameroon Centre for Research on Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases (CREMER) Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM) Yaoundé Cameroon

Syphilis and HIV are amongst the world’s most widespread diseases, particularly in low-income countries. Syphilis and HIV infections during pregnancy have been associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Of concern now are the rising rates of congenital syphilis and HIV in Cameroon. Cameroon only mandates testing pregnant women for syphilis and HIV during their first ANC visit. This study was aimed at determining the incidence of new syphilis and HIV infections and factors associated with pregnant women who previously tested negative during their first ANC visit. A cohort design was used, where 335 pregnant women were followed up for a period from December 2019 to August 2020. A blood sample was drawn and the serum was analyzed using the WANTAI ELISA and AIDTM HIV 1 + 2 Ag/Ab ELISAPlus test methods for syphilis and HIV respectively at three intervals. A questionnaire was used to identify risk factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Out of the 335 pregnant women who were followed up during this study, 49 (14.6%) were later diagnosed with syphilis (32 in 2nd trimester and 17 in 3rd trimester). 54 (16.1%) were diagnosed with HIV infection (13 at two months post-1st-trimester visit, 23 in the 2nd trimester and 18 in the 3rd trimester). Lastly, 10 (2%) were co-infected with syphilis and HIV of which 8 occurred during 2nd trimester and 2 in the 3rd trimester. The factors associated with contracting new syphilis infections include;younger age group aOR (1.302, 95% CI), leaving in an urban area aOR (3.158, 95% CI), lower level of education (Primary and no formal) with aOR of (9.055, 95% CI) (P = 0.001) and (6.764, 95% CI) (P = 0.006) respectively, inadequate knowledge on the diseases aOR (2.176, 95% CI), women unaware of their partner status aOR (3.190, 95% CI). Most factors associated with contracting new HIV infections were similar to the factors associated with contracting new syphilis infecti

关键词： Syphilis HIV STI Pregnant Women Post First-Antenatal Care Screening ELISA Buea

Assessment of the Drafting Quality of Request Forms Submitted to the Malaria and Parasitology Units at the Institut Pasteur de Cote d’Ivoire

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 330-339页

作者： Yao Serge-Stéphane ako ako Bérenger Aristide Sylvain Beourou Ouattara Yacouba N’Guessan Tiacoh Landry N’Dri Kouadio Thierry-Borel Toure André Offianan Malaria Unit Institut Pasteur de Cote d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan Cote d&#8217Ivoire Parasitology Unit Institut Pasteur de Cote d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan Cote d&#8217Ivoire

Biological tests provide information on the medical analysis requested by both the patient and the prescriber. It is a communication link between the prescriber and the laboratory staff. The lack of some information on request forms not only affects the drafting quality of the test and patient care, but could also make thousands of data produced by healthcare centers unusable. The aim of this study was to assess the drafting quality of request forms submitted to the Malaria and Parasitology Units at the Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study to assess the drafting quality of request forms of various prescribers received at the Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire. This study was conducted at the Malaria and Parasitology Units, department of Parasitology and Mycology (Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire), from 6th December 2020 to 6th December 2021. The information on each request forms was recorded on a data collection form designed for this purpose. Each data collection form corresponds to a request forms and each test to a patient. Results: Out of a total of 1990 request forms received, the patient’s age and sex were missing on 18% and 26.8% of the tests respectively. More than half (51.80%) of request forms did not indicate the patient’s place of residence. Clinical information was not provided on 45.90% of the tests. Prescribers omitting their signatures were 51%, stamps were 50.3% and contacts were 71.2%. Only 5.4% of request forms were of good drafting quality. Providing all the required information on the forms could facilitate the use and analysis of data and samples.

关键词： Laboratory Quality Request Forms Information

Supply and quality of colonoscopy according to the characteristics of gastroenterologists in the French population-based colorectalcancer screening program

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第9期29卷 1492-1508页

作者： akoïKoïvogui Catherine Vincelet Gaëlle Abihsera Hamou Ait-Hadad Hélène Delattre Tu Le Trung Agnès Bernoux Rachel Carroll Jérôme Nicolet Site de Seine-Saint-Denis Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers en Ile-de-France(CRCDC-IDF)Bondy 93146France Site des Yvelines Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers en Ile-de-France(CRCDC-IDF)Le Chesnay Cedex 78153France Site du Val-de-Marne Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers en Ile-de-France(CRCDC-IDF)Joinville-le-Pont 94340France Site de Seine-et-Marne Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers en Ile-de-France(CRCDC-IDF)Lieusaint 77763France Site des Hauts-de-Seine Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers en Ile-de-France(CRCDC-IDF)Nanterre 92000France site du Val-d’Oise Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers en Ile-de-France(CRCDC-IDF)Cergy Saint-Christophe 95800France Site de l’Essonne Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers en Ile-de-France(CRCDC-IDF)Fontenay-Les-Briis 91640France Siège Paris Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers en Ile-de-France(CRCDC-IDF)Paris 75015France

BACKGROUND Since its complete roll-out in 2009,the French colorectal cancer screening program(CRCSP)experienced 3 major constraints[use of a less efficient Guaiac-test(gFOBT),stopping the supply of Fecal-Immunochemical-Test kits(FIT),and suspension of the program due to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)]affecting its *** To describe the impact of the constraints in terms of changes in the quality of screeningcolonoscopy(Quali-Colo).METHODS This retrospective cohort study included screening-colonoscopies performed by gastroenterologists between Jan-2010 and Dec-2020 in people aged 50-74 living in Ile-de-France(France).The changes in Quali-colo(Proportion of colonoscopies performed beyond 7 mo(Colo_7 mo),Frequency of serious adverse events(SAE)and Colonoscopy detection rate)were described in a cohort of Gastroenterologists who performed at least one colonoscopy over each of the four periods defined according to the chronology of the constraints[gFOBT:Normal progress of the CRCSP using gFOBT(2010-2014);FIT:Normal progress of the CRCSP using FIT(2015-2018);STOP-FIT:Year(2019)during which the CRCSP experienced the cessation of the supply of test kits;COVID:Program suspension due to the COVID-19 health crisis(2020)].The link between each dependent variable(Colo_7 mo;SAE occurrence,neoplasm detection rate)and the predictive factors was analyzed in a two-level multivariate hierarchical *** The 533 gastroenterologists(cohort)achieved 21509 screening colonoscopies over gFOBT period,38352 over FIT,7342 over STOP-FIT and 7995 over COVID *** frequency of SAE did not change between periods(gFOBT:0.3%;FIT:0.3%;STOP-FIT:0.3%;and COVID:0.2%;P=0.10).The risk of Colo_7 mo doubled between FIT[adjusted odds ratio(aOR):1.2(1.1;1.2)]and STOPFIT[aOR:2.4(2.1;2.6)];then,decreased by 40%between STOP-FIT and COVID[aOR:2.0(1.8;2.2)].Regardless of the period,this Colo_7 mo’s risk was twice as high for screening colonoscopy performed in a public hospital[aOR:2.

关键词： Colorectal cancer screening Screening colonoscopy Faecal immunochemical test Guaiac faecal occult blood test Quality of colonoscopy Severity of tumor lesions