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Attempts to remodel the pathways of gemcitabine metabolism: Recent approaches to overcoming tumours with acquired chemoresistance

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第4期3卷 819-831页

作者： Yuriko Saiki Shuto Hirota akira Horii Department of Molecular Pathology Tohoku University School of MedicineSendaiMiyagi 980-8575Japan Office of Medical Education Tohoku University School of MedicineSendaiMiyagi 980-8575Japan Saka General Hospital ShiogamaMiyagi 985-0024Japan

Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue frequently used in the treatment of various cancers.However,the development of chemoresistance limits its effectiveness.Gemcitabine resistance is regulated by various factors,including aberrant genetic and epigenetic controls,metabolism of gemcitabine,the microenvironment,epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,and acquisition of cancer stem cell properties.In many situations,results using cell lines offer valuable lessons leading to the first steps of important findings.In this review,we mainly discuss the factors involved in gemcitabine metabolism in association with chemoresistance,including nucleoside transporters,deoxycytidine kinase,cytidine deaminase,and ATP-binding cassette transporters,and outline new perspectives for enhancing the efficacy of gemcitabine to overcome acquired chemoresistance.

关键词： Gemcitabine chemoresistance deoxycytidine kinase human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 cytidine deaminase ATP-binding cassette transporters metabolism

On/off switching of adhesion in gecko-inspired adhesives

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Biosurface and Biotribology 2021年第2期7卷 83-89页

作者： Tetsuo Yamaguchi akira Akamine Yoshinori Sawae Department of Biomaterial Sciences The University of TokyoTokyoJapan Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan International Institute for Carbon‐Neutral Energy Research Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan

In this study,the adhesion-detachment behaviour of a gecko-inspired adhesive pad was investigated to understand the on/off switching mechanisms of adhesion in gecko feet.A macroscopic spatula model was fabricated using silicone rubber,and adhesion tests combining lateral sliding and vertical debonding were conducted.It was observed that the contact state and the adhesion force of the pad vary considerably with the direction of lateral sliding prior to debonding,and that the pad achieves adhesion during debonding even when it loses contact due to excess lateral sliding.These results explain the mech-anisms behind the on/off switching and stable adhesion of gecko feet,and suggest the possibility of developing new-generation adhesives capable of switchable adhesion.

关键词： rubber macroscopic behaviour

A complete introduction to the SCJ proposal and its commentary on the development of seismically resilient cities

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第4期17卷 677-691页

作者： akira Wada Ikuo Towhata Kazuo Tamura Qu Zhe Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8550 Japan University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8914 Japan Faculty of Engineering Chiba Institute of Technology Chiba 275-0016 Japan Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration Harbin 150080 China

In modern society, the population, wealth and social functions are increasingly concentrated in a few large cities. Such concentration brings about efficiency while at the same time it increases the vulnerability of the society. To address this issue, the Science Council of Japan（SCJ） published a proposal entitled ＂Shape Cities and Societies Safer against Severe Earthquakes＂. It makes a variety of suggestions for enhancing the seismic resilience of large cities, including：（1） comprehensive thinking based on the latest scientific knowledge and rich imagination;（2） selection of sites suitable for residence and social activities;（3） introducing the urban seismic coefficient;（4） promoting the enhancement of the seismic performance of buildings and civil structures;（5） easing the concentration of population and functions;（6） building communities that enable shelter and escape;（7） resilient technology of information and communication system and its effective utilization;（8） preparation and implementation of emergency response after earthquakes;（9） development and application of new structural seismic technology;（10） learning from domestic and foreign earthquake disasters and launching of international cooperation and knowledge sharing and（11） taking actions from a multidisciplinary perspective. The proposal is introduced in this paper.

关键词： large earthquake large city urban disaster resilience society earthquake engineering

Study on the Possibility of Raw Seawater into Drinking Water—A Religious Water Literacy

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第11期15卷 631-676页

作者： akira Hiratsuka Yoshiro Yasuda Marco Ruggiero Japan International Cooperation Agency (Former Expert) Kyoto Japan Department of Management University of Hyogo Kobe Japan National Coalition of Independent Scholars Battleboro USA

This paper explores the conversion of raw seawater into drinking water from a religious water literacy (RWL) perspective. RWL is here defined as a socially just water literacy that is based on the respect for the dignity of life of all living beings on the Earth. It discusses the importance of sustainable water sources and proposes purification methods. That is, the study aims to show a brief outline of the drinking water source (inland waters;mainly river water) and their purification technologies in recent times and today and propose the purification method (Freezing-Thawing-UV method) in case of taking the seawater as the source. And, it emphasizes the need for dialogue and cooperation between countries in order to proceed. The paper also discusses the relationship among religion, culture, and civilization, and highlights the similarities between Marx’s historical materialism and Umesao’s ecological view. It further discusses the importance of water purification technology, separation methods, and the potential for seawater as an energy source. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of dialogue, communication and understanding environmental decision-making. In order to carry them forward, it is convinced that citizens in the world are nothing but people with self-awareness of “Bodhisattvas of the Earth” as identities. As a result, the new findings that suggest the possibility of raw seawater into drinking water from a religious water literacy perspective through the lens of Kawakatsu’s maritime view have been obtained.

关键词： Raw Seawater Drinking Water Freezing and Thawing UV-A&B Religious Water Literacy

An Energy Production System Powered by Solar Heat with Biogas Dry Reforming Reactor and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2023年第5期14卷 85-106页

作者： akira Nishimura Ryotaro Sato Eric Hu Division of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Mie University Tsu Japan School of Electrical Mechanical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia

In this paper, an energy system consisting of solar collector, biogas dry reforming reactor and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been proposed. The heat produced from the concentrating solar collector is used to drive a biogas dry reforming reactor in order to produce H2 as a fuel for SOFC, in such as system. The aim of this study is to clarify the impact of climate data on the performance of solar collector with various sizes/designs. The temperature of heat transfer fluid produced by the solar collector is calculated by adopting the climate data for Nagoya city in Japan in 2021. The amount of H2 produced from the biogas dry reforming reactor and the power generated by SOFC were simulated. The results show the temperature of heat transfer fluid (Tfb) and Tfb ratio (a) based on the length of absorber (dx) = 1 m have a peak near the noon following the trend of solar intensity (I). Results also revealed that a increases with increase in dx. It is found that the differences of Tfb and a between dx = 2 m and dx = 3 m are larger than those between dx = 1 m and dx = 2 m. It is revealed that Tfb and a are higher in spring and summer. dx = 4 m is the optimum length of solar absorber. The amount of H2 produced from the biogas dry reforming reactor as well as the power generated by SOFC is the highest in August, resulting that it is prefer to produce H2 and to generate SOFC in summer.

关键词： Solar Collector Fluid Temperature Climate Data Biogas Dry Reforming H2 Production SOFC

Conservation law-based air mass flow calculation in engine intake systems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第11期59卷 142-153页

作者： Jixiang FAN Yuhu WU akira OHATA Tielong SHEN School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Harbin Normal University Department of Engineering and Applied Science Sophia University School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Toyota Motor Corporation

In current engine controls, a number of control methods are based on the air charge estimation in engine intake systems. Since the derivative of the air mass flow through the throttle valve goes to infinity when the intake pressure is close to the upper stream pressure, the relatively large numerical error or oscillation occurs near the singularity point when using common algorithms. This paper develops an effective algorithm for calculating the air mass flow in engine intake systems. Utilizing the high-level model description(HLMD), the system is described by mass and energy conservation laws and therefor the singularity issue at the zero pressuredifference point is transformed into a singularity issue at the corresponding energy point. Then, the implicit midpoint rule, a special symplectic discrete method, is selected to integrate the energy and mass conservation system. The simulation results show that the numerical behaviour of the air mass flow is significantly improved at the singularity point by using the proposed algorithm. The experimental results also verify that the qualitative behaviour of the air mass flow calculated by the proposed algorithm is consistent with the actual physical system.

关键词： air mass flow engine intake system conservation law singularity numerical method

Contributions of the Secondary Jet to the Tangential Velocity Distribution and to the Collection Efficiency of the Fixed Guide Vane Type Axial Flow Cyclone Dust Collector

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Journal of Thermal Science 2015年第6期24卷 503-509页

作者： akira Ogawa Hideki Anzou So Yamamoto Mituru Shimagaki Tokyo Japan

In order to control the maximum tangential velocity V?m(m/s)of the turbulent rotational air flow and the collection efficiencyηc(%)using the fly ash of the mean diameter X R50=5.57?m,two secondary jet nozzles were installed to the body of the axial flow cyclone dust collector with the body diameter D1=99mm.Then in order to estimate V?m(m/s),the conservation theory of the angular momentum flux with Ogawa combined vortex model was applied.The comparisons of the estimated results of V?m(m/s)with the measured results by the cylindrical Pitot-tube were shown in good agreement.And also the estimated collection efficienciesηcth(%)basing upon the cut-size Xc(?m)which was calculated by using the estimated V?m(m/s)and also the particle size distribution R(Xp)were shown a little higher values than the experimental results due to the re-entrainment of the collected dust.The best method for adjustment ofηc(%)related to the contribution of the secondary jet flow is principally to apply the centrifugal effect?c(1).Above stated results are described in detail.

关键词：旋风除尘器切向速度轴流式除尘效率速度分布二次喷射叶型平均直径

Acoustic Noise from Tandem Wind Rotors of Intelligent Wind Power Unit

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Journal of Thermal Science 2010年第2期19卷 120-125页

作者： Koichi Kubo Nobuhiko Mihara akira Enishi Toshiaki Kanemoto Kyushu Institute of Technology:Sensui 1-1

The authors had invented the unique wind power unit composed of the large-sized front wind rotor,the small-sized rear wind rotor and the peculiar generator with the inner and the outer rotational armatures without the conventional stator.This unit is called "Intelligent Wind Power Unit" by the authors.The front and the rear wind rotors drive the inner and the outer armatures,respectively,while the rotational torque is counter-balanced between both armatures/wind rotors.This paper discusses experimentally the acoustic noise from the front and the rear wind rotors.The acoustic noise,in the counter-rotating operation,is induced mainly from the flow interaction between both rotors,and has the dominant power spectrum density at the frequency of the blade passing interaction.The noise is caused mainly from the turbulent fluctuation due to the flow separation on the blade,when the rear wind rotor stops or rotates in the same direction as the front wind rotor.

关键词：风电机组外转子智能型风噪声声学串联转动力矩转子平衡

Beneficial effects of hydrocortisone in induced acute pancreatitis of rats

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Chinese Medical Journal 2007年第20期120卷 1757-1761页

作者： SUN Wei WATANABE Yasuhiro TOKI akira WANG Zhong-qiu Department of General Surgery Affiliated Shengjing Hospital China Medical University Shenyang 110004 China Department of Paediatric Surgery Faculty of Medicine Kagawa Medical University Takamatsu 761-0793 Japan

Background Little is known of the effects of hydrocortisone on cell adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and its counterreceptors （LFA-1, Mac-1） in acute pancreatitis （AP）. We investigated the effects of prior treatment with hydrocortisone on the production of ICAM-1 and its counterreceptors （LFA-1 and Mac-1） in AP of rats to clarify the effect of hydrocortisone on induced acute pancreatitis.Methods Acute pancreatitis was induced by infusion of 5% chenodeoxycholic acid into the pancreatic duct, followed by ligation of pancreatic duct. Before induction of acute pancreatitis, rats were treated with hydrocortisone （n=20） or 0.9% saline （n=-20）. Blood and specimens from pancreas and lung were obtained from 5 rats from each treatment euthanized at 1 hour or 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours. Expression of ICAM-1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of pancreas and lungs. The expression of LFA-1 and Mac-1 on neutrophils was detected by flow cytometer. The therapeutic effect of hydrocortisone was assessed from injuries to pancreas and lung.Results ICAM-1 expression in the pancreas of hydrocortisone group was significantly less than in control group at 3 hours and 6 hours. In the lungs of hydrocortisone group, ICAM-1 expression was significantly less than in control group at 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours. The expression of LFA-1 and Mac-1 on neutrophils in blood increased significantly in control group over hydrocortisone group. Increased expression of ICAM-1, LFA-1 and Mac-1 preceded leukocyte infiltration. Compared to untreated animals with acute pancreatitis, rats pretreated with hydrocortisone had significantly reduced histological lung injury and output of ascitic fluid.Conclusions Prior treatment with hydrocortisone before the induction of acute pancreatitis ameliorates pulmonary injury and the output of ascitic fluid and reduces the expression of ICAM-1 and its counterreceptors （LFA-1, Mac-1） in acute pancreatitis.

关键词： hydrocortisone acute pancreatitis intercellular adhesion molecule-1 LFA-1 Mac-1