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A laboratory study of directional spectra with maximum likelihood method─I Developing wind wave

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1999年第1期18卷 59-74页

作者： Zhao Dongliang Masuda akira Wen Shengchang and Guan Changlong Institute of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of Qingdao Qingdao 266003 China Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University Kasuga 816 Japan

From measurements by a circular array consisting of 18 wave gauges in a large wave tank, directional spectra of wind-generated waves in deep water are systematically determined by using maximum likehood *** investigations reveal that the angular spreading of the wave energy is consistent with cos2s(θ/2) proposed by Longuet-Higgins et al. (1963, Ocean Wad Spectra,11~136), if the bimodal distributions of wave energy are not taken into account. Bimodality occurring on higher frequency than peak frequency is too rare to affect our whole results. Surprisingly, a much broader directional spreading than that of the field, which is interpreted by the strongly nonlinear energy transfer because of the very young waves in laboratory, is found. The parameter s depends on frequency in the same way as observed by Mitsuyasu et al. (1975, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 5, 750~760)and Hasselmann et al. (1980, Journal of physical Oceanography, 10, 1264~1280) in the field, and the relationship between the four nondimensional parameters sm, fo, b1 and b2, determining the directional width, and (corresponding to the inverse of wave age) are given respectively. The observed distributions are found to agree well with the suggestion of Donelan et al. (1985, Philosophical Transaction of Royal Society of London, A315, 509~562) when applied to field waves.

关键词： Directional spectrum maximum likelihood method wind wave

Action Mechanisms of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2011年第10期17卷 723-730页

作者： Imada Keisuke 边宝林李向东 Sato Takashi Ito akira Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of PharmacyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences1432-1 HorinouchiHachiojiTokyo(192-0392)Japan China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease in joints and concomitant destruction of cartilage and bone. Cartilage extracellular matrix components, such as type Ⅱ collagen and aggrecan are enzymatically degraded by matrix metalloproteinases （MMPs） and aggrecanases in RA. Currently, treatments targeting cytokines, including anti-tumor necrosis factor （TNF） α antibodies, soluble TNF receptor, anti-interleukin （IL）-6 receptor antibody, and IL-1 receptor antagonist, are widely used for treating RA in addition to anti- inflammatory agents and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs （DMARDs）, such as methotrexate, but these treatments have some problems, especially in terms of cost and the increased susceptibility of patients to infection in addition to the existence of Iow-responders to these treatments. Therefore, therapeutics that can be safely used for an extended period of time would be preferable. Complementary and alternativemedicines including traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） have been used for the arthritic diseases through the ages. Recently, there are many reports concerning the anti-arthritic action mechanisms of TCM-based herbal formulas and crude herbal extracts or isolated ingredients. These natural herbal medicines are thought to moderately improve RA, but they exert various actions for the treatment of RA. In this review, the current status of the mechanism exploration of natural compounds and TCM-based herbal formulas are summarized, focusing on the protection of cartilage destruction in arthritic diseases including RA and osteoarthritis.

关键词： rheumatoid arthritis extracellular matrix aggrecanase matrix metalloproteinase complementary and alternative medicine

Development of massively parallel electron beam direct write lithography using active-matrix nanocrystalline-silicon electron emitter arrays

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2015年第1期1卷 44-51页

作者： Masayoshi Esashi akira Kojima Naokatsu Ikegami Hiroshi Miyaguchi Nobuyoshi Koshida World Premier International Research Center Advanced Institute for Materials Research(WPI-AIMR) Tohoku University519-1176 Aramaki-Aza-AobaAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-0845Japan Micro System Integration Center Tohoku University519-1176 Aramaki-Aza-AobaAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-0845Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture&Technology2-24-16 Naka-choKoganei-shiTokyo 184-8588Japan

Nanoscale lithographic technologies have been intensively studied for the development of the next generation of semiconductor manufacturing *** mask-less/direct-write electron beam(EB)lithography methods serve as a candidate for the upcoming 10-nm node approaches and beyond,it remains difficult to achieve an appropriate level of *** innovative features of the multiple EB system that involve the use of a thermionic source have been ***,a blanking array mechanism is required for the individual control of multiple beamlets whereby each beamlet is deflected onto a blanking object or passed through an *** paper reviews the recent developments of our application studies on the development of a high-speed massively parallel electron beam direct write(MPEBDW)*** emitter array used in our study includes nanocrystalline-Si(nc-Si)ballistic electron *** are drifted via multiple tunnelling cascade transport and are emitted as hot *** transport mechanism allows one to quickly turn electron beamlets on or *** emitter array is a micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)that is hetero-integrated with a separately fabricated active-matrix-driving complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)large-scale integration(LSI)system that controls each emitter *** basic function of the LSI was confirmed to receive external writing bitmap data and generate driving signals for turning beamlets on or *** emitted beamlet(10×10μm^(2))is converged to 10×10 nm^(2) on a target via the reduction electron optic system under *** paper presents an overview of the system and characteristic evaluations of the nc-Si emitter *** examine beamlets and their electron emission characteristics via a 1:1 exposure test.

关键词： direct write lithography electron beam lithography electron emitter array multiple electron beams nanocrystalline Si

Simple Fabrication and Characterization of Discontinuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite for Lightweight Heat Sink Applications

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第4期27卷 714-722页

作者： Hiroki Kurita Emilien Feuillet Thomas Guillemet Jean-Marc Heintz akira Kawasaki Jean-Francois Silvain DEN/DANS/DMN/SRMA/LTMEx CEA SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry of Bordeaux BordeauxFrance Department of Materials Processing Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku University

The constant increase in power and heat flux densities encountered in electronic devices fuels a rising demand for lightweight heat sink materials with suitable thermal *** this study,discontinuous pitch-based carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix（Al-CF） composites with aluminum–silicon alloy（Al–Si） were fabricated through hot *** small amount of Al–Si contributed to enhance the sintering process in order to achieve fully dense Al–CF composites.A thermal conductivity and CTE of 258 W/（m K） and 7.0 9 10-6/K in the in-plane direction of the carbon fibers were obtained for a（Al95 vol%＋ Al–Si5 vol%）-CF50 vol%*** fiber provides the reducing of CTE while the conservation of thermal conductivity and weight of *** achieved CTEs satisfy the standard requirements for a heat sink material,which furthermore possess a specific thermal conductivity of 109 W cm3/（m K g）.This simple process allows the low-cost fabrication of Al–CF composite,which is applicable for a lightweight heat sink material.

关键词： Carbon fiber Metal-matrix composites(MMCs) Thermal properties Powder processing

Web search volume as a surrogate of public interest in biodiversity: a case study of Japanese red list species

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第12期4卷 26-35页

作者： Ji Yoon Kim akira Noda Ran-Young Im Jun Nishihiro Department of Environmental Science Toho UniversityChibaJapan Center for Wildlife Conservation Studies Toho UniversityChibaJapan

Introduction:Citizen science has contributed substantially to the quantity of biodiversity data collections and is used as an essential monitoring scheme for global conservation ***,there remain large gaps in the geographic and taxonomic coverage of data collections,and different levels of interest in participation and uneven distribution of participants can result in biased data collection in citizen science *** issues must be addressed for more efficient use of citizen science-based biodiversity *** compared web search volumes with citizen-collected occurrence data of Japanese Red List ***:Uneven distribution of web search volumes with different taxa was correlated with the amount of data collected by citizen-volunteered ***,the relative web search volumes and amounts of citizen-collected data showed similar spatial patterns at the province ***:Overall,our results indicate that web search volume can indirectly reflect potential citizen participation or interest in particular *** search behavior can help project coordinators estimate potential citizen engagement and refine efficient citizen participation programs for biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Big data citizen science culturomics endangered species internet behavior

A laboratory study of directional spectrawith maximum likelihood mehod─ⅡDecaying swell

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1999年第1期18卷 75-85页

From measurements by a circular array consisting of 18 wave gauges in a large wave tank, directional spectra of swell in deep water are systematically investigated with maximum likelihood method. It is shown that the directional spreading of swell, qualitatively similar to that of developing wind wave which is narrowest in the region of Peak frequency and bxoadens with increasing or decreasing frequency, can be effectively described by cos2s(θ/2) introduced by Longuet-Higgins et al. (1963,Ocean Wave Spectra, 111~136). It is intriguing that bimodal distribution found in our experiments appers at the forward face instead of the rear face of a frequency spectrum in the cases of nonlinearity being very weak. Parameterized by nonlinearity, formulations which can be applied to swell as well as wind wave are proposed. It is concluded that nonlinear interaction plays a central role in controlling the development of directional angular spreading even for the swell.

关键词： Directional spectrum maximum likelihood method swell wind wave

Helicobacter pylori-infected animal models are extremely suitable for the investigation of gastric carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第45期11卷 7063-7071页

作者： Masaaki Kodama Kazunari Murakami Ryugo Sato Tadayoshi Okimoto akira Nishizono Toshio Fujioka Department of Gastroenterology Department of Infectious Diseases (Microbiology)

Although various animal models have been developed to clarify gastric carcinogenesis, apparent mechanism of gastric cancer was not clarified in recent years. Since the recognition of the pathogenicity of Helocobacter pylori（H pylori）, several animal models with H pylori infection have been developed to confirm the association between Hpylori and gastric cancer. Nonhuman primate and rodent models were suitable for this study. Japanese monkey model revealed atrophic gastritis and p53 mutation after long-term infection of Hpylori. Mongolian gerbil model showed the development of gastric carcinoma with H pylori infection alone, as well as with combination of chemical carcinogens, such as N-methyl- N-nitrosourea and N-methyl-N-nitro-N＇-nitrosoguanidine. The histopathological changes of these animal models after H pylori inoculation are closely similar to those in human beings with Hpylori infection. Eradication therapy attenuated the development of gastric cancer in Hpylori- infected Mongolian gerbil. Although several features of animal models differ from those seen in human beings, these experimental models provide a starting point for further studies to clarify the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis as a result of Hpylon infection and assist the planning of eradication therapy to prevent gastric carcinoma.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Gastric carcinoma Animal model Japanese monkey Mongolian gerbil

Time to take another Iook at perceived disadvantages of robotic hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 208-210页

作者： Yasushi Hasegawa Hiroyuki Nitta Takeshi Takahara akira Sasaki Department of Surgery Iwate Medical University School of MedicineMorioka CityIwateJapan

Robotic hepatectomy remains controversial to date,despite continuous advances in the technology and more surgeons gaining experience with the *** et al.(1)recently published an interesting article in Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition,titled"Selecting incision-dominant cases for robotic liver resection:towards outpatient hepatectomy with rapid recovery."The authors evaluated 97 cases of robotically-assisted liver resection(RLR)arguing that it is difficult to reach the superior-posterior liver segments with the straight instruments used in conventional laparoscopic liver resection(LLR).The articulated instruments of the surgical robot are better suited for hepatectomies in these difficult-to-reach areas of the *** concluded that cases where the incision of an open approach would be large and affect recovery results in the highest likelihood of patients benefitting from a robotic *** think that the authors present an interesting perspective by focusing on the strong points of RLR compared to LLR.

关键词： hepatectomy Surgery straight

IMMERSIVE VR VISUALIZATIONS BY VFIVE: PART 2: APPLICATIONS

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2013年第S1期4卷 54-69页

作者： akira KAGEYAMA NOBUAKI OHNO SHINTARO KAWAHARA KAZUO KASHIYAMA HIROAKI OHTANI Graduate School of System Informatics Kobe University Kobe 657-8501Japan Graduate School of Simulation Studies University of Hyogo Kobe 650-0047Japan Earth Simulator Center Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokohama 236-0001 Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Chuo University Bunkyo-ku 112-8551Japan National Institute for Fusion Science Toki 509-5292 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies(SOKENDAI)Toki 509-5292Japan

VFIVE is a scientific visualization application for CAVE-type immersive virtual reality(VR)*** source codes are freely *** is used as a research tool in various VR *** also lays the groundwork for developments of new visualization software for *** this paper,we pick up five CAVE systems in four different institutions in *** of VFIVE in each CAVE system are *** emphases will be placed on scientific and technical achievements made possible by VFIVE.

关键词： Virtual reality CAVE system immersive display system.