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Sonographic Evaluation of Pleural Effusion

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2017年第3期7卷 77-88页

作者： ajit kumar reddy Sandeep Ballal Kaup Annitha Elavarasi Jayamohan Prakash Manikka Lakshmanan Krishnappa Nasappa Antony Jean Department of Radiodiagnosis KIMS Bangalore India Department of Radiodiagnosis HOSMAT Bangalore India Department of Radiodiagnosis MGMCRI Pondicherry India Department of Radiodiagnosis Aarthi Scans Tirunelveli India

Background: Although at times small amounts of pleural fluid is detected on the lateral decubitus chest radiograph, this may be impossible to obtain in severely ill patients. Because of its ready availability and ability for bedside imaging, ultrasonography has become a crucial imaging modality not only in detecting the presence of pleural fluid but also as a guide to aspiration. Aims: To sonographically determine the nature of pleural effusions. To analyze predictability of both benign and malignant pleural effusions and to study statistical value of various ultrasound characteristics in differentiating exudative and transudative as well as benign and malignant effusions in correlation with thoracocentesis. Material and Methods: Sonographic feature as well as fluid cytology was evaluated. Following categorization into exudates or transudate as well as benign or malignant the diagnosis was then correlated biochemically. Results: Transudates were anechoic, while an anechoic effusion may be either a transudate or an exudate. Complex septation, internal echoes, thickened pleura or homogeneously echogenic patterns were always exudates. Sonographic findings of pleural nodules and associated parenchymal lesions in the lung and liver were indicative of malignancy. Conclusions: Ultrasound in addition to being highly sensitive for pleural effusion also aided in characterizing the nature and minimizing the complications during thoracocentesis. Pleural effusions were categorized into exudates and transudate as well as benign and malignant with a certain degree of confidence based on sonographic findings.

关键词： Pleural Effusion Sonography Septation Internal Echoes Thoracocentesis

Multilocular thymic cysts-a diagnostic challenge on computed tomography

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第3期13卷 61-65页

作者： Nirmal kumar reddy Onteddu Naga Sai Rasagna Mareddy Sai Swarupa R Vulasala Jayabharath Onteddu Mayur Virarkar Department of Internal Medicine University of Florida College of MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32209United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of AlabamaBirminghamAL 35294United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of Florida College of MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32209United States Department of Public Health Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

A recent case report provided a patient scenario,wherein,a 39-year-old male patient presented with occasional palpitations,headache,and *** of tumor markers did not show any abnormal ***,a computed tomography(CT)scan was undertaken,and its findings were affirmative of thymic ***,the postoperative histopathological assessment of the mass,after its resection,confirmed it as an anterior mediastinal multilocular thymic cyst(MTC),with concurrent acute upper respiratory tract infection and acute ***,this case report advocates the need for a preoperative histopathological examination with CT imaging to minimize the risk of confusing an MTC with a malignant thymic tumor.

关键词： Imaging findings Multilocular thymic cyst Histopathology Thymic cancer Mediastinal mass

Effect of ultrasonic assisted sintering on mechanical properties and degradation behaviour of Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca biomaterial

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第6期9卷 1989-2008页

作者： ajit kumar Pulak M Pandey Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhiNew Delhi 110016India

The present work investigates the effect of ultrasonic power(%)and the time of ultrasonic vibration on the sintered density and ultimate compressive strength(UCS)of Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca fabricated using ultrasonic assisted conventional sintering(UACS).The customized UACS setup was designed and manufactured to conduct the experimentations.A customized ultrasonic stepped horn assembly was used for providing vibrations to the sample during ***,to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonic vibration parameters,the developed setup was used to sinter Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca composite *** study unveiled an increased sintered density and UCS of the fabricated sample by the increase in ultrasonic power(%).Moreover,a decrease in sintered density and UCS was observed with an increase in the time of ultrasonic vibration beyond a certain *** sintered with the assistance of ultrasonic vibration at 100%ultrasonic power,and 20 min of ultrasonic vibration resulted in a sintered density of 1.928±0.062 g·cm^(-3)and UCS of 234.9±12.3 *** obtained mechanical properties of the fabricated sample were comparable to the properties of cortical *** surface morphology and elemental compositions of samples fabricated using UACS declared a fair dispersion of reinforcement in the matrix containing merely the source *** results of corrosion test have showed that the assistance of ultrasonic vibration suppressed the degradation behaviour of the sintered sample after performing electrochemical study of samples using 3-electorde cell ***15Nb3Zn1Ca fabricated using UACS showed a 50.18%and 9.08%of reduction in corrosion rate over conventionally sintered pure Mg and Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca *** addition,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)results indicated an enhanced corrosion resistance of the Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca composite material when fabricated at 100%of ultrasonic power with 20 min of vibration *** from that,electrochemical equivalent circuits also result

关键词： Ultrasonic assisted sintering Magnesium Corrosion EIS Mechanical properties

Development of Mg based biomaterial with improved mechanical and degradation properties using powder metallurgy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2020年第3期8卷 883-898页

作者： ajit kumar Pulak M.Pandey Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhi110016India

In the present work,biocompatible materials such as niobium(Nb),zinc(Zn)and calcium(Ca)have been blended with magnesium(Mg)to develop a novel biomaterial(BM)with improved mechanical and corrosion resistant *** metallurgy(PM)technique was used to fabricate Mg based *** powder of all aforementioned materials were mixed homogenously in specific quantities to create a uniform composite *** order to analyse the influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties of the fabricated part,experiments were performed considering central composite design(CCD).The effect of powder metallurgical parameters namely percentage Nb,compaction pressure,heating rate,sintering temperature and soaking time on the ultimate compressive strength(UCS)and sintered density was studied in the present *** was found that the UCS and sintered density increased with increase in compaction pressure,heating rate and sintering *** results also revealed that the increase in soaking time and percentage Nb,increased sintered density and UCS to a certain *** increase in these two parameters,sintered density and UCS *** electron microscopy(SEM)images of the fabricated samples showed reduction in porosity with the increase in heating ***,X-ray diffraction(XRD)results revealed that no other phase or impurities were found during sintering of Mg based *** optimum process parameters were obtained to develop Mg based BM for maximum UCS and sintered ***,the Mg based BM samples fabricated at optimum process parameters were used for corrosion testing in simulated body fluid(SBF)solution at a temperature of 37±0.5℃.The Mg based BM yielded improved mechanical properties with reduced corrosion rates as compared to pure Mg.

关键词： Biomaterials Powder metallurgy Magnesium Corrosion Metal matrix composite

Development of a new coated electrode with low nickel content for welding ductile iron and its response to austempering

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第9期25卷 1090-1103页

作者： Tapan Sarkar ajit kumar Pramanick Tapan kumar Pal Akshay kumar Pramanick Welding Technology Centre Jadavpur University Department of Forge Technology NIFFT

Coated Electrodes with small amounts of nickel were developed for welding ductile iron(DI) and conversion of the same into austempered ductile iron(ADI) after austempering. Among six electrodes, Trials 3 and 4 were selected for establishing crack-free weld deposits via preheating and post-weld heat treatment. Austenitization was performed at 900°C for 2 h and austempering at 300 or 350°C for three different holding times to observe the results of austempering with respect to the microstructure, hardness, and austempering kinetics of the samples. The microstructures of the weld deposits showed needle-like bainitic ferrite with small amounts of retained austenite when treated at 300°C and feathery bainitic ferrite with large amounts of retainedaustenite when treated at 350°C. The electrode labeled with Trial 3 revealed greater austenite contents than that labeled with Trial 4 when treated with a 2 h holding time regardless of the austempering temperature applied. The transformation rate of the bainitic ferrite of Trial 3 was relatively higher than that of Trial 4 and showed a lower rate constant, leading to a higher diffusion rate of carbon in austenite.

关键词： electrode development microstructure XRD analysis transformation kinetic microhardness

Mitigation on self-discharge behaviors via morphological control of hierarchical Ni-sulfides/Ni-oxides electrodes for long-life-supercapacitors

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 217-228页

作者： Dhananjay Mishra Niraj kumar ajit kumar SeungGi Seo SungHun Jin Department of Electronic Engineering Incheon National UniversityIncheon 406-772 and also with Convergence Research Center for Insect VectorsIncheon National UniversityRepublic of Korea

To cope up with the sustainable energy storage goals for supercapacitors(SCs),the self-discharge in SC electrodes is a significant hurdle,and thereby,nickel sulfide(NS)with high conductivity is adopted as a test vehicle for understanding the morphological evolution effects for long-life ***,honeycomb-like NS is hierarchically formed over hydrothermally grown nickel oxide(NO)via successive ionic layer adsorption reaction(SILAR)*** heterostructure shows a fivefold improvement in specific capacitance from 348 F g^(−1) to 2077 F g^(−1)at 1 mV s^(−1) over bare ***,the remarkable upliftment of capacitance retention is achieved from 60.7%to 92.3%even after 3000 cycles via morphological control of NS/NO hetero-structure with the help of highly conductive *** importantly,the self-discharge behaviors and synergistic role of leakage current associated with morphological evolution via NS overcoating are studied in *** particular,the self-discharge mitigation from 45%(NO)to 35%(NS20/NO)due to the NS/NO heterostructure and the behind mechanism are ascribed to the activated-controlled Faradaic reaction coupled with a charge *** study emphasizes the potential importance of composite heterostructure by tuning the electrical conductivity and morphological adjustment NO via consecutive overcoating of NS through SILAR as a novel *** enhances charge storage,redox kinetics,and the mitigation of self-discharge properties of the active electrode *** practical validation on sustainable energy storage,NS20/NO supercapacitors illuminate the LED for 35%longer than NO after one-time charging,potentially beneficial for the next generation SCs.

关键词： Morphological evolution Self-discharge SILAR overcoating Supercapacitors Heterostructure

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PVA BASED SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL APPLICATIONS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第4期31卷 641-648页

作者： Anji reddy Polu Ranveer kumar Department of Physics K L UniversityGuntur 522502India Department of Physics Dr. Hari Singh Gour University (A Central University)Sagar M.P. 470003India

Solid polymer electrolyte films containing poly（vinyl alcohol）（PVA） and magnesium nitrate （Mg（NO3）2） were prepared by solution casting technique and characterized by using XRD, FTIR, DSC and AC impedance spectroscopic analysis. The amorphous nature of the polymer electrolyte films has been confirmed by XRD. The complex formation between PVA and Mg salt has been confirmed by FTIR. The glass transition temperature decreases with increasing the Mg salt concentration. The AC impedance studies are performed to evaluate the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte films in the range of 303-383 K, and the temperature dependence seems to obey the Arrhenius behavior. Transport number measurements show that the charge transport is mainly due to ions. Electrochemical cell of configuration Mg/（PVA ＋ Mg（NO3）2）（70：30）/（12 ＋ C ＋ electrolyte） has been fabricated. The discharge characteristics of the cell were studied for a constant load of 100 kΩ.

关键词： Polymer electrolyte XRD DSC Ionic conductivity Electrochemical cell.

Substrate Temperature Dependent Properties of Cu Doped NiO Films Deposited by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第7期29卷 647-651页

作者： Yarraguntla Ashok kumar reddy Akepati Sivasankar reddy Pamanji Sreedhara reddy Department of Physics Sri Venkateswara UniversityTirupathi 517502India Division of Advanced Materials Engineering Kongju National UniversityBudaedongCheonan CitySouth Korea

The NiO-Cu composite films were deposited on a glass substrate at various substrate temperatures by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The effect of substrate temperature on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of the films was mainly investigated. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that when the substrate temperature increased to above 200 ℃, the preferred orientation tended to move to another preferred site from （220） to （111） and had a band gap values increased with increasing substrate observed that the grain size and root mean square stable cubic structure. The optical transmittance and temperature. From the morphological studies, it was roughness were increased with increasing substrate temperature. The electrical resistivity of the film decreased to 0.017 Ωcm at high substrate temperature of 400 ℃.

关键词： Sputtering NiO-Cu composite films Substrate temperature Crystallite size Electrical resistivity

Chlorination roasting-coupled water leaching process for potash recovery from waste mica scrap using dry marble sludge powder and sodium chloride

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第9期27卷 1203-1215页

作者： Sandeep kumar Jena Jogeshwar Sahu Geetikamayee Padhy Swagatika Mohanty ajit Dash Mineral Processing and Central Characterization Department Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology(IMMT)BhubaneswarOdisha 751013India

The present paper reports the effective utilization of marble sludge powder(MSP)for the recovery of potash values from waste mica scrap using chlorination roasting-water leaching *** studies indicated the presence of dolomite as the major mineral phase in MSP,whereas muscovite and quartz were observed in the mica *** acid leaching studies suggest a maximum of 22%potash recovery under conditions:4 M H2SO4 acid,particle size of^100μm,stirring speed of 600 r/min,leaching temperature of 75℃,and leaching time of 90 *** chlorination roasting-water leaching process was adopted to achieve the lowest level of 80%-90%potash *** optimum conditions for the recovery of^93%potash from mica(~8.6wt%K2O)requires 900℃ roasting temperature,30 min roasting time,and 1:1:0.75 mass ratio of mica:MSP:*** roasting temperature and amount of NaCl are found to be the most important factors for the recovery *** reaction mechanism suggests the formation of different mineral phases,including sylvite(KCl),wollastonite,kyanite,and enstatite,during roasting,which were confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)*** MSP-blended NaCl additive is more effective for potash recovery compared with the other reported commercial roasting additives.

关键词： potash recovery mica scrap marble sludge powder chlorination roasting water leaching