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Journal of Otology 2021年第1期16卷 12-17页

作者： Dipesh Shakya ajit nepal Department of Otorhinolaryngology Civil Service HospitalMinbhawanKathmanduNepal Department of Otorhinolaryngology Patan Academy of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineLagankhelLalitpurNepal

Objective:To compare the rate of graft uptake and postoperative hearing outcomes of Type I tympanoplasty with perichondrium reinforced cartilage palisade to temporalis fascia for large tympanic membrane(TM)perforations over 5 years follow-up *** and methods:This was a retrospective comparative study involving patients with chronic otitis media with large TM *** patients underwent type I tympanoplasty using either perichondrium reinforced cartilage palisade(CP group)or temporalis fascia(TF group)as the graft via a transmeatal approach and under local *** and functional results were recorded at three-and five years *** profiles including age and sex,surgery side,contralateral disease and graft uptake rate,as well as hearing outcomes,were compared between the two ***:At three years follow-up,graft uptake was 94.87%for perichondrium reinforced cartilage palisade and 80.7%for fascia,respectively,(p¼0.67).At five years follow-up,the uptake rate dropped to 87.17%in the CP group,but to 66.6%in the TF group(p¼0.019).Hearing improved after surgery in both groups,and showed no significant difference between the two ***:Over long-term,perichondrium reinforced palisade showed a statistically significant better outcome regarding graft uptake than temporalis fascia in type Itympanoplasty for large TM perforations with comparable audiometric results.

关键词： Tympanoplasty Large perforation Temporalis fascia Cartilage palisade Perichondrium

Exploring potentialities of avian genomic research in nepalese Himalayas

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 727-738页

作者： Prashant Ghimire Nishma Dahal ajit KKarna Surendra Karki Sangeet Lamichhaney Department of Biological Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOHUSA Biotechnology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampurHPIndia Center for Health and Disease Studies-nepal KathmanduNepal Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases Food&Agricultural Organization of the UNKathmanduNepal School of Bio-medical Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOHUSA

nepal,a small landlocked country in South Asia,holds about 800 km of Himalayan Mountain range including the Earth's highest *** such a mountain range in the north and plain lowlands in the south,nepal provides a habitat for about 9%of global avian ***,this diversity is underrated because of the lack of enough studies,especially using molecular tools to quantify an-d understand the distribution patterns of *** this study,we reviewed the studies in the last two decades(20002019)that used molecular methods to study the biodiversity in nepal to examine the ongoing research trend and *** nepalese Himalaya has many opportunities for cutting-edge molecular research,our results indicated that the rate of genetic/genomic studies is much slower compared to the regional *** found that genetic research in nepal heavily relies on resources from international institutes and that too is mostly limited to research on species monitoring,distribution,and taxonomic *** infrastructures to carry out cutting-edge genomic research in nepal are still in their infancy and there is a strong need for support from national/international scientists,universities,and governmental agencies to expand such genomic infrastructures in *** particularly highlight avian fauna as a potential future study system in this region that can be an excellent resource to explore key biological questions such as understanding eco-physiology and molecular basis of organismal persistence to changing environment,evolutionary processes underlying divergence and speciation,or mechanisms of endemism and restrictive distribution of species.

关键词： Avian fauna Evolutionary Process Genomics Himalayas nepal

Ocular Manifestations in Thyroid Eye Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study from nepal

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2016年第12期7卷 814-823页

作者： Palikhe Sabita Thakur ajit Shah Dev Narayan Sharma Ananda Kumar Acharya Niranjan Drishti Eye Hospital Birtamode Nepal BP Koirala Institute of Ophthalmic Studies Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal

Background: Thyroid eye disease represents an organ-specific autoimmune process that is usually associated with thyroid disease. Graves’ disease is the most common thyroid abnormality associated with thyroid eye disease. Aim: This study was conducted for the profile of ocular manifestation in Thyroid Eye Disease (TED). Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 117 cases of thyroid dysfunction was carried out at BP Koirala Institute of Health System, out of which 84 (71.79%) cases had ocular manifestation. They were evaluated and analyzed in detail and the characteristics documented included patient’s demography, ocular and systemic history and as well as ocular examination and some of the systemic and laboratory findings. Results: In this study, mean age of presentation of TED was 39.7 years. 59 patients were female and 25 were male. The maximum patients of both sexes were in the fourth decade of their lives. The common lid signs were lid retraction and lid lag. Proptosis was seen in 33.3% of cases out of which 68% had bilateral proptosis. Corneal ulcer was seen in 7.1% and optic neuropathy in 1.2% of cases. In 27.3% of cases there was elevation of IOP. Dry eye was seen in 61.9% of cases and POAG seen in 8.3% of cases. In the study population 75% were hyperthyroiditic, 16.7% were hypothyroiditic and 8.3% were in euthyroid state. Conclusion: Female was more commonly affected. The maximum number of patients of both sexes was in the fourth decade of their lives. Hyperthyroidism patient had greater chance of ocular manifestation.

关键词： Thyroid Eye Disease Ocular Manifestation nepal

Evaluating active leprosy case identifcation methods in six districts of nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 105-106页

作者： Ram Kumar Mahato Uttam Ghimire Madhav Lamsal Bijay Bajracharya Mukesh Poudel Prashnna Napit Krishna Lama Gokarna Dahal David T.S.Hayman ajit Kumar Karna Basu Dev Pandey Chuman Lal Das Krishna Prasad Paudel Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Department of Health Services Ministry of Health and Population Kathmandu Nepal Epidemiology and Disease Control Division-Malaria Program Management Unit- SCI-GF Kathmandu Nepal Leprosy Control & Disability Management Section EPidemiology and Disease Control Division DoHS Kathmandu Nepal Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital & Service Center Nepal Leprosy Trust Lalgadh Nepal Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory Infectious Disease Research Centre Hopkirk Research Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Center for Health and Disease Studies-nepal Kathmandu Nepal DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan

Background nepal has achieved and sustained the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem since 2009,but 17 districts and 3 provinces with 41%(10,907,128)of nepal’s population have yet to eliminate the *** cases and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)indicate recent transmission and late diagnosis,respectively,which necessitate active and early case *** operational research was performed to identify approaches best suited for early case detection,determine community-based leprosy epidemiology,and identify hidden leprosy cases early and respond with prompt *** Active case detection was undertaken in two nepali provinces with the greatest burden of leprosy,Madhesh Province(40%national cases)and Lumbini Province(18%)and at-risk prison populations in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati *** detection was performed by(1)house-to-house visits among vulnerable populations(n=26,469);(2)contact examination and tracing(n=7608);in Madhesh and Lumbini Provinces and,(3)screening prison populations(n=4428)in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati Provinces of *** case direct medical and nonmedical costs for each approach were *** New case detection rates were highest for contact tracing(250),followed by house-to-house visits(102)and prison screening(45)per 100,000 population ***,the cost per case identifed was cheapest for house-to-house visits[nepalese rupee(NPR)76,500/case],followed by contact tracing(NPR 90,286/case)and prison screening(NPR 298,300/case).House-to-house and contact tracing case paucibacillary/multibacillary(PB:MB)ratios were 59:41 and 68:32;female/male ratios 63:37 and 57:43;pediatric cases 11%in both approaches;and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)11%and 5%,*** leprosy was not signifcantly diferent among household and neighbor contacts[odds ratios(OR)=1.4,95%confdence interval(CI):0.24-5.85]and for contacts of MB versus PB cases(OR=0.7,95%CI 0.26-2.0).Attack rates were not signifcantly d

关键词： Leprosy Early case detection Community-based epidemiology Hidden case New case detection rate Attack rate Cost per case identifed nepal

Ocular Manifestations among Systemic Tuberculosis Cases: A Hospital Based Study from nepal

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第4期7卷 202-211页

作者： Subash Bhatta ajit Thakur Dev Narayan Shah Meenu Choudhary Nayana Pant Geta Eye Hospital Kailali Nepal Drishti Eye Hospital Jhapa Nepal Institute of Medicine Kathmandu Nepal

Aim: To study the frequency of various ocular manifestations in diagnosed cases of active pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis in two different major hospitals in nepal. Method: A hospital based, cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktapur and BP Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS), Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, nepal during a period of 18 months from February 2010 to August 2011. Diagnosed cases of systemic tuberculosis were evaluated by ophthalmologists for any ophthalmic manifestations. Results: There were 585 cases in the study. 399 (68%) were cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 186 (32%) were that of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Ocular manifestations were seen in 2.6% (15 patients) of the study population;1.25% (6 patients) in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 5.37% (9 patients) in extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Uveitis (40%) followed by papilloedema (33%) were the two most common ocular manifestations. Of the 25 affected eyes of 15 patients, 2 eyes of patients with choroiditis involving the macular area were legally blind. Majority of the affected cases (67%) had bilateral involvement. Conclusion: Ocular manifestations in tuberculosis vary greatly ranging from mild episcleritis to potentially blinding posterior uveitis, clinical acumen being of great importance in timely diagnosis and treatment so that vision threatening complications can be prevented. Ocular manifestations are more common in extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases.

关键词： Tuberculosis Ocular Tuberculosis Uveitis Choroiditis Papilledema

Ocular Manifestations in HIV Positive and AIDS Patients in nepal

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第1期3卷 14-21页

作者： Joshi Purushottam ajit K. Thakur Meenu Choudhary Sashi Sharma Dev Narayan Shah 不详

Background: HIV has the capability to affect every organ system in the body. Ocular manifestations have been reported in up to 70% of individuals infected with HIV and the ocular manifestations reflect systemic disease and may be the first sign of disseminated infection. Aim: To identify different types of ocular involvement in the cases known to be infected with HIV. Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study was undertaken during the period between January 2005 and July 2006. All the diagnosed cases of HIV infected individuals either coming to the hospital or collected from rehabilitation centres were included in the study. Results: 103 HIV infected cases were examined;of which 45 cases (43.6%) were AIDS cases. The mean age of presentation was 29.6 ± 9.8 years. The commonest systemic disease was pulmonary tuberculosis (65.9%). In the study group, 38.8% of the cases had ocular involvement. In the ocular findings, posterior segment lesions (32%) were most common. Ocular involvement among asymptomatic patient was 22.7% while it was 91.6% among symptomatic patients. HIV retinopathy (23.3%) was the most common HIV-associated ophthalmic lesions. Ocular involvement was the most common in cases that contracted the disease through sexual contact. A negative correlation was observed between CD4 level and ocular involvement. Conclusion: There needs to be awareness of ocular involvement among HIV infected individuals and an increased emphasis on regular ophthalmic examination in all HIV patients. Routine referral system for ocular evaluation from other medical departments seems mandatory for timely diagnosis of the vision threatening conditions.

关键词： HIV AIDS Ocular Manifestations Posterior Segment Involvement