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Test Case Generation from UML-Diagrams Using Genetic Algorithm

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2321-2336页

作者： Rajesh kumar sahoo Morched Derbali Houssem Jerbi Doan Van Thang P.Pavan kumar Sipra sahoo Department of Computer Science&Engineering Ajay Binay Institute of TechnologyCuttack753014India Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and ITKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Industrial Engineering University of Ha’ilCollege of EngineeringHail2440Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information Technology Industrial University of Ho chi Minh City700000Vietnam Department of Computer Science and Engineering FSTIFHEHyderabad501203India Department of Computer Science and Engineering ITERSOA Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswar751030India

Software testing has been attracting a lot of attention for effective software *** model driven approach,Unified Modelling Language(UML)is a conceptual modelling approach for obligations and other features of the system in a model-driven *** tools interpret these models into other software artifacts such as code,test data and *** generation of test cases permits the appropriate test data to be determined that have the aptitude to ascertain the *** paper focuses on optimizing the test data obtained from UML activity and state chart diagrams by using Basic Genetic Algorithm(BGA).For generating the test cases,both diagrams were converted into their corresponding intermediate graphical forms namely,Activity Diagram Graph(ADG)and State Chart Diagram Graph(SCDG).Then both graphs will be combined to form a single graph called,Activity State Chart Diagram Graph(ASCDG).Both graphs were then joined to create a single graph known as the Activity State Chart Diagram Graph(ASCDG).Next,the ASCDG will be optimized using BGA to generate the test data.A case study involving a withdrawal from the automated teller machine(ATM)of a bank was employed to demonstrate the *** approach successfully identified defects in various ATM functions such as messaging and operation.

关键词： Genetic algorithm generation of test data and optimization state-chart diagram activity diagram model-driven approach

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Vegetation and ecosystem carbon recovery following shifting cultivation in MizoramManipur-Kachin rainforest eco-region,Southern Asia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 236-248页

作者： Anudip Gogoi Uttam kumar sahoo Hemanta Saikia Department of Forestry Mizoram UniversityAizawl 796004India College of Sericulture Assam Agricultural UniversityJorhat 785013India

Background:Shifting cultivation(locally known as“jhum”)is a major driver of deforestation and loss of ecosystem services in *** developing any effective conservation of biodiversity and carbon service program,an indepth understanding to the recovery of vegetation and carbon after abandonment of jhum is *** estimated species richness,abundance and composition of trees,shrubs and herbs,carbon distribution in aboveground and belowground components along a chronosequence of jhum fallow in northeast India,and elucidated the factors affecting the recovery processes of jhum ***:Species composition and other plant community attributes,carbon storage in different pools were studied in 5 jhum fallows(<5,5-10,11-15,16-20,21-25 years old)and an old-growth *** data were subjected to linear mixed effect modeling using R-package“nlme”for identifying the important factors contributing to the recovery of vegetation and ***:Species composition varied significantly(P<0.05)between jhum fallows and old-growth *** density varied from 28 stems ha−1 in 5 years old jhum fallow to 163 stems ha−1 in old-growth *** biomass carbon in all components and soil organic carbon were significantly(P=0.01)lower in jhum fallows than in the old-growth forest except living non-woody biomass *** recovery of aboveground biomass carbon was faster during early successive years than the mid-successive jhum *** ecosystem carbon and soil organic carbon stock in the oldest jhum fallow was 33%and 62%of those in the old-growth forest,*** fallow age was found to be the most important explanatory factor in the recovery process of vegetation and carbon stock in re-growing ***:The shifting cultivation fallows gradually recovered both vegetation and carbon and are potential repository sites for biodiversity conservation,which may take much longer time to reach up to old-growth forest in northeast India.

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Regrowth forest Vegetation succession Carbon storage Restoration of degraded land

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Analytical expressions for determining the stability of cohesionless soil slope under generalized seismic conditions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第7期15卷 1559-1571页

作者： sahoo Pragyan Pradatta SHUKLA Sanjay kumar MOHYEDDIN Alireza Discipline of Civil and Environmental Engineering School of Engineering Edith Cowan University Joondalup PerthWA 6027 Australia Fiji National University Suva Fiji and Chitkara University Himachal Pradesh India

In recent major earthquakes, the researchers have found the need for consideration of vertical seismic acceleration for the stability analysis of the man-made and natural slopes. However, in most past studies, the performance of slopes has been assessed by accounting only the horizontal seismic component of the ground motion, without giving due weightage to the effect of vertical component. In the present study, analytical expressions are derived to determine the factor of safety, yield seismic coefficient and consequently the seismic displacement of cohesionless soil slope under combined horizontal and vertical components of the ground motion. The derivation uses the Newmark's sliding block approach, in which the soil slope with a planar failure surface within the framework of conventional pseudo-static analysis is assumed to follow the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The effects of vertical seismic coefficient on the stability of cohesionless slope have been studied through a set of graphical presentations for a specific range of soil parameters. It is observed that overlooking the effect of the vertical component of the ground motion on factor of safety and the displacement while designing the slope may be detrimental, resulting in the slope failure. The general expressions presented in this paper may be highly useful in the field of earthquake geotechnical engineering practice for designing the cohesionless soil slopes under combined horizontal and vertical seismic loads.

关键词： Factor of safety Horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients Soil slopes Yield acceleration Sliding block displacement Seismic slope stability

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Chlorination roasting-coupled water leaching process for potash recovery from waste mica scrap using dry marble sludge powder and sodium chloride

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第9期27卷 1203-1215页

作者： Sandeep kumar Jena Jogeshwar Sahu Geetikamayee Padhy Swagatika Mohanty ajit Dash Mineral Processing and Central Characterization Department Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology(IMMT)BhubaneswarOdisha 751013India

The present paper reports the effective utilization of marble sludge powder(MSP)for the recovery of potash values from waste mica scrap using chlorination roasting-water leaching *** studies indicated the presence of dolomite as the major mineral phase in MSP,whereas muscovite and quartz were observed in the mica *** acid leaching studies suggest a maximum of 22%potash recovery under conditions:4 M H2SO4 acid,particle size of^100μm,stirring speed of 600 r/min,leaching temperature of 75℃,and leaching time of 90 *** chlorination roasting-water leaching process was adopted to achieve the lowest level of 80%-90%potash *** optimum conditions for the recovery of^93%potash from mica(~8.6wt%K2O)requires 900℃ roasting temperature,30 min roasting time,and 1:1:0.75 mass ratio of mica:MSP:*** roasting temperature and amount of NaCl are found to be the most important factors for the recovery *** reaction mechanism suggests the formation of different mineral phases,including sylvite(KCl),wollastonite,kyanite,and enstatite,during roasting,which were confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)*** MSP-blended NaCl additive is more effective for potash recovery compared with the other reported commercial roasting additives.

关键词： potash recovery mica scrap marble sludge powder chlorination roasting water leaching

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Trapezoidal fuzzy model to optimize transportation problem

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2016年第3期7卷 285-292页

作者： Nirbhay Mathur Pankaj kumar Srivastava ajit Paul Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences Allahabad Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida

The main aim of this paper is to develop an approach based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to optimize transportation problem in fuzzy *** present algorithm has representation of availability,demand and transportation cost as trapezoidal fuzzy *** algorithm is found quicker in terms of runtime as comparison to fuzzy VAM discussed in[Kaur A.,kumar A.,A new method for solving fuzzy transportation problem using ranking function,***.35:5652–5661,2011;Ismail Mohideen S.,Senthil kumar P.,A comparative study on transportation problem in fuzzy environment,***.2:151–158,2010].On the other hand this technique gives much better results than some classical methods like north-west corner and least cost *** benefit of this algorithm is that for certain transportation problems it directly gives optimal *** is one of the simplest methods to apply and *** usefulness of the new method over other existing methods is demonstrated with two numerical examples.

关键词： Fuzzy transportation problems trapezoidal fuzzy numbers minimum demand-supply optimal solution

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Genetic Relationship and Structure Analysis of Root Growth Angle for Improvement of Drought Avoidance in Early and Mid-Early Maturing Rice Genotypes

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Rice science 2020年第2期27卷 124-132页

作者： Elssa PANDIT Rajendra kumar PANDA Auromeera sahoo Dipti Ranjan PANI Sharat kumar PRADHAN Crop Improvement Division ICAR-National Rice Research InstituteCuttackOdisha 753006India Orissa University of Agriculture&Technology Bhubaneswar 751003India ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource Base Center National Rice Research InstituteCuttackOdisha 753006India

Deeper rooting 1(Dro1)and Deeper rooting 2(Dro2)are the QTLs that contribute considerably to root growth angle assisting in deeper rooting of rice *** the present study,a set of 348 genotypes were shortlisted from rice germplasm based on root angle *** results of the germplasm lines under drought stress identified 25 drought tolerant donor lines based on leaf rolling,leaf drying,spikelet fertility and single plant yield.A panel containing 101 genotypes was constituted based on screening results and genotyped using Dro1 and Dro2 *** software categorized the genotypes into four sub-populations with different fixation index values for root growth *** clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis could differentiate the genotypes with or without deeper rooting *** dendrogram constructed based on the molecular screening for deep rooting QTLs showed clear distinction between the rainfed upland cultivars and irrigated *** genotypes,namely Dular,Tepiboro,Surjamukhi,Bamawpyan,N22,Dinorado,Karni,Kusuma,Bowdel,Lalsankari and Laxmikajal,possessed both the QTLs,whereas 67 genotypes possessed only *** average angle of Dro positive genotypes ranged from 82.7°to 89.7°.These genotypes possessing the deeper rooting QTLs can be taken as donor lines to be used in marker-assisted breeding programs.

关键词： root growth angle Dro1 Dro2 deeper rooting upland rice drought avoidance

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Shear Strength and Morphological Study of Polyurethane- OMMT Clay Nanocomposite Adhesive Derived from Vegetable Oil-Based Constituents

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第1期6卷 117-125页

作者： Swarnalata sahoo Hemjyoti Kalita Smita Mohanty Sanjay kumar Nayak Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology ChennaiTamil Nadu 600032India Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials(LARPM) CIPETBhubaneswar 751024 India and ChennaiTamil Nadu 600032India

In the current work,we have synthesized vegetable oil-based polyurethane-OMMT clay nanocomposite(PUNC)adhesive with the incorporation of different wt%of organically modified nanoclay(1 to 5 wt%)into the biobased polyurethane(PU)matrix through in-situ polymerization process via ultrasonication *** the initial stage,PU adhesive was prepared using polyol and partially biobased aliphatic isocyanate,wherein polyol was derived from the transesterified castor oil using ethylene *** formation of PU and PUNC adhesive was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy *** tensile strength of PU with different wt%of nanoclay was determined and the analysis showed that the loading of 3 wt%of nanoclay within the PU matrix showed better performance as compared to the ***,shear strength of PU and PUNC(3 wt%nanoclay)adhesives were determined using lap shear test,in which PUNC adhesive showed higher adhesive strength at 70°***,the dispersibility of OMMT nanoclay within the PU matrix along with exfoliation and amorphous structure was confirmed through wide angle X-ray diffractometer(WAXD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)*** phase separation structure was analyzed using dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA).The analysis revealed that with the addition of organically modified nanoclay in the PU matrix,the glass transition temperature(Tg)of the damping curve was shifted towards higher temperature.

关键词： Biobased raw material composite material green strength gel time DMA

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Development and characterization of ethylcellulose based microsphere for sustained release of nifedipine

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第5期6卷 341-344页

作者： Patitapabana Parida Subash Chandra Mishra Subhashree sahoo ajit Behera Bibhukalyan Prasad Nayak Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering NIT Rourkela Odisha 769008 India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering NIT Rourkela Odisha 769008 India Department of Pharmaceutics Kanakmanjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rourkela Odisha 769015 India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering IIT Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India

This article introduced the work of ethylcellulose based polymeric microsphere loaded with nifedipine for reduction in frequency of administration with low solubility in aqueous medium and high rate of absorption in the stomach. The non-aqueous polymeric suspension was put dropwise into an aqueous medium containing polyvinyl alcohol as a surfactant for the synthesis of microsphere by solvent evaporation. The microspheres were characterized by different techniques, namely, XRD, SEM, and NMR. The formation of microspheres was confirmed by SEM. XRD analysis revealed the semi-crystallinity nature of microspheres. The NMR study indicated the presence of hetero-aromatic nucleus in the microsphere.

关键词： Nifedipine Microsphere Solvent evaporation Sustained release

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QoS aware routing and wavelength allocation in optical burst switching networks using differential evolution optimization

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Digital Communications and Networks 2018年第1期4卷 3-12页

作者： Ravi Sankar Barpanda Ashok kumar Turuk Bibhudatta sahoo Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Instiute of Technology Rourkela India 769008

The issue of burst losses imposes a constraint on the development of Optical Burst Switching （OBS） networks. Heavy burst losses strongly affect the Quality of Service （QoS） intended by end users. This article presents a QoS aware Routing and Wavelength Allocation （RWA） technique for burst switching in OBS networks. The RWA problem is modeled as a bi-objective Integer Linear Programming （ILP） problem, where objective functions are based on minimizing the number of wavelengths used and the number of hops traversed to fulfill the burst transmission requests for a given set of node pairs. The ILP model is solved using a novel approach based on a Differential Evolution （DE） algorithm. Analytical results show that the DE algorithm provides a better performance compared to shortest path routing, which is a widely accepted routing strategy for OBS networks.

关键词： Burst loss Optical burst switching Quality of service Routing and wavelength assignmentInteger linear programmingDifferential evolution

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Inversion of radiative transfer model for retrieval of wheat biophysical parameters from broadband reflectance measurements

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2016年第2期3卷 107-118页

作者： Vinay kumar Sehgal Debasish Chakraborty Rabi Narayan sahoo Division of Agricultural Physics Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012India

This study describes the retrieval of wheat biophysical variables of leaf chlorophyll(Cab),leaf area index(LAI),canopy chlorophyll(CCC),and leaf wetness(Cw)from broadband reflectance data corresponding to IRS LISS-3(Linear Imaging Self Scanner)sensor by inversion of PROSAIL5B canopy radiative transfer *** data of wheat crop,grown under different treatments,were measured by hand-held spectroradiometer and later integrated to LISS-3 reflectance using its band-wise relative spectral response *** inversion techniques were used and their performance was compared using different statistical parameters and target *** inversion techniques tried were:a look up table with best solution(LUT-I),a look up table with mean of best 10%solutions(LUT-II)and an artificial neural network(ANN).All the techniques could estimate the biophysical variables by capturing variability in their observed values,though accuracy of estimation varied among the three *** diagram clearly depicted the superiority of LUT-II over the other two approaches indicating that a mean of best 10%solutions is a better strategy while ANN was worst performer showing highest bias for all the *** all the three inversion techniques,the general order of retrieval accuracy was LAI>Cab>CCC>*** range of Cw was very narrow and none of the techniques could estimate variations in *** most of the cases,the parameters were underestimated by model *** best identified LUT-II technique was then applied to retrieve wheat LAI from IRS LISS-3 satellite image of 5-Feb-2012 in Sheopur *** comparison with ground observations showed that the RMSE of LAI retrieval was about 0.56,similar to that observed in ground *** findings of this study may help in refining the protocol for generating operational crop biophysical products from IRS LISS-3 or similar sensors.

关键词： PROSAIL Look up table Neural network Leaf area index Chlorophyll content Target diagram IRS LISS-3

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