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R21 vaccine:A ray of hope for malaria elimination

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第6期16卷 243-244页

作者： Nitika Nitika Shrikant nema Praveen kumar Bharti ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research Sector 8DwarkaNew DelhiIndia

The steady decline in malaria cases and deaths in recent years is a step ahead toward elimination;however,an increasing number of reports of antimalarial and insecticide resistance highlight the importance of having newer approaches to achieve the goal in the stipulated time ***,having an effective and durable malaria vaccine is extremely crucial,which can complement the tools currently in *** the malaria vaccine development efforts initiated in the 1910’s with the first attempts to develop a malaria vaccine involved inoculating humans with live,attenuated strains of the malaria parasite but the efforts have been intensified over the previous decade,resulting in several significant developments.

关键词： malaria vaccine elimination

Mitigation on self-discharge behaviors via morphological control of hierarchical Ni-sulfides/Ni-oxides electrodes for long-life-supercapacitors

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 217-228页

作者： Dhananjay Mishra Niraj kumar ajit kumar SeungGi Seo SungHun Jin Department of Electronic Engineering Incheon National UniversityIncheon 406-772 and also with Convergence Research Center for Insect VectorsIncheon National UniversityRepublic of Korea

To cope up with the sustainable energy storage goals for supercapacitors(SCs),the self-discharge in SC electrodes is a significant hurdle,and thereby,nickel sulfide(NS)with high conductivity is adopted as a test vehicle for understanding the morphological evolution effects for long-life ***,honeycomb-like NS is hierarchically formed over hydrothermally grown nickel oxide(NO)via successive ionic layer adsorption reaction(SILAR)*** heterostructure shows a fivefold improvement in specific capacitance from 348 F g^(−1) to 2077 F g^(−1)at 1 mV s^(−1) over bare ***,the remarkable upliftment of capacitance retention is achieved from 60.7%to 92.3%even after 3000 cycles via morphological control of NS/NO hetero-structure with the help of highly conductive *** importantly,the self-discharge behaviors and synergistic role of leakage current associated with morphological evolution via NS overcoating are studied in *** particular,the self-discharge mitigation from 45%(NO)to 35%(NS20/NO)due to the NS/NO heterostructure and the behind mechanism are ascribed to the activated-controlled Faradaic reaction coupled with a charge *** study emphasizes the potential importance of composite heterostructure by tuning the electrical conductivity and morphological adjustment NO via consecutive overcoating of NS through SILAR as a novel *** enhances charge storage,redox kinetics,and the mitigation of self-discharge properties of the active electrode *** practical validation on sustainable energy storage,NS20/NO supercapacitors illuminate the LED for 35%longer than NO after one-time charging,potentially beneficial for the next generation SCs.

关键词： Morphological evolution Self-discharge SILAR overcoating Supercapacitors Heterostructure

Prognostic value of AKT isoforms in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2023年第3期37卷 225-228页

作者： Sahil Khurana Ajay Pal Singh Ashok kumar Rajeev nema All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal BhopalMadhya Pradesh 462021India Department of Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences RishikeshRishikeshUttarakhand 249201India Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences BhopalBhopalMadhya Pradesh 462021India Department of Oncology 3B Blackbio Biotech India Ltd.BhopalMadhya Pradesh 462023India

Dear Editor,Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world and has a high mortality *** cancer patients often have a poor prognosis,with a five-year survival rate of only about 16%.The International Agency for Research on Cancer reports that lung cancer was the main cause of cancer deaths in 2020,accounting for 1.80 million deaths.

关键词： Lung lung cancer

Effect of ultrasonic assisted sintering on mechanical properties and degradation behaviour of Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca biomaterial

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第6期9卷 1989-2008页

作者： ajit kumar Pulak M Pandey Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhiNew Delhi 110016India

The present work investigates the effect of ultrasonic power(%)and the time of ultrasonic vibration on the sintered density and ultimate compressive strength(UCS)of Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca fabricated using ultrasonic assisted conventional sintering(UACS).The customized UACS setup was designed and manufactured to conduct the experimentations.A customized ultrasonic stepped horn assembly was used for providing vibrations to the sample during ***,to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonic vibration parameters,the developed setup was used to sinter Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca composite *** study unveiled an increased sintered density and UCS of the fabricated sample by the increase in ultrasonic power(%).Moreover,a decrease in sintered density and UCS was observed with an increase in the time of ultrasonic vibration beyond a certain *** sintered with the assistance of ultrasonic vibration at 100%ultrasonic power,and 20 min of ultrasonic vibration resulted in a sintered density of 1.928±0.062 g·cm^(-3)and UCS of 234.9±12.3 *** obtained mechanical properties of the fabricated sample were comparable to the properties of cortical *** surface morphology and elemental compositions of samples fabricated using UACS declared a fair dispersion of reinforcement in the matrix containing merely the source *** results of corrosion test have showed that the assistance of ultrasonic vibration suppressed the degradation behaviour of the sintered sample after performing electrochemical study of samples using 3-electorde cell ***15Nb3Zn1Ca fabricated using UACS showed a 50.18%and 9.08%of reduction in corrosion rate over conventionally sintered pure Mg and Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca *** addition,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)results indicated an enhanced corrosion resistance of the Mg15Nb3Zn1Ca composite material when fabricated at 100%of ultrasonic power with 20 min of vibration *** from that,electrochemical equivalent circuits also result

关键词： Ultrasonic assisted sintering Magnesium Corrosion EIS Mechanical properties

Development of Mg based biomaterial with improved mechanical and degradation properties using powder metallurgy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2020年第3期8卷 883-898页

作者： ajit kumar Pulak M.Pandey Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhi110016India

In the present work,biocompatible materials such as niobium(Nb),zinc(Zn)and calcium(Ca)have been blended with magnesium(Mg)to develop a novel biomaterial(BM)with improved mechanical and corrosion resistant *** metallurgy(PM)technique was used to fabricate Mg based *** powder of all aforementioned materials were mixed homogenously in specific quantities to create a uniform composite *** order to analyse the influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties of the fabricated part,experiments were performed considering central composite design(CCD).The effect of powder metallurgical parameters namely percentage Nb,compaction pressure,heating rate,sintering temperature and soaking time on the ultimate compressive strength(UCS)and sintered density was studied in the present *** was found that the UCS and sintered density increased with increase in compaction pressure,heating rate and sintering *** results also revealed that the increase in soaking time and percentage Nb,increased sintered density and UCS to a certain *** increase in these two parameters,sintered density and UCS *** electron microscopy(SEM)images of the fabricated samples showed reduction in porosity with the increase in heating ***,X-ray diffraction(XRD)results revealed that no other phase or impurities were found during sintering of Mg based *** optimum process parameters were obtained to develop Mg based BM for maximum UCS and sintered ***,the Mg based BM samples fabricated at optimum process parameters were used for corrosion testing in simulated body fluid(SBF)solution at a temperature of 37±0.5℃.The Mg based BM yielded improved mechanical properties with reduced corrosion rates as compared to pure Mg.

关键词： Biomaterials Powder metallurgy Magnesium Corrosion Metal matrix composite

Development of a new coated electrode with low nickel content for welding ductile iron and its response to austempering

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第9期25卷 1090-1103页

作者： Tapan Sarkar ajit kumar Pramanick Tapan kumar Pal Akshay kumar Pramanick Welding Technology Centre Jadavpur University Department of Forge Technology NIFFT

Coated Electrodes with small amounts of nickel were developed for welding ductile iron(DI) and conversion of the same into austempered ductile iron(ADI) after austempering. Among six electrodes, Trials 3 and 4 were selected for establishing crack-free weld deposits via preheating and post-weld heat treatment. Austenitization was performed at 900°C for 2 h and austempering at 300 or 350°C for three different holding times to observe the results of austempering with respect to the microstructure, hardness, and austempering kinetics of the samples. The microstructures of the weld deposits showed needle-like bainitic ferrite with small amounts of retained austenite when treated at 300°C and feathery bainitic ferrite with large amounts of retainedaustenite when treated at 350°C. The electrode labeled with Trial 3 revealed greater austenite contents than that labeled with Trial 4 when treated with a 2 h holding time regardless of the austempering temperature applied. The transformation rate of the bainitic ferrite of Trial 3 was relatively higher than that of Trial 4 and showed a lower rate constant, leading to a higher diffusion rate of carbon in austenite.

关键词： electrode development microstructure XRD analysis transformation kinetic microhardness

Evaluating active leprosy case identifcation methods in six districts of Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 105-106页

作者： Ram kumar Mahato Uttam Ghimire Madhav Lamsal Bijay Bajracharya Mukesh Poudel Prashnna Napit Krishna Lama Gokarna Dahal David T.S.Hayman ajit kumar Karna Basu Dev Pandey Chuman Lal Das Krishna Prasad Paudel Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Department of Health Services Ministry of Health and Population Kathmandu Nepal Epidemiology and Disease Control Division-Malaria Program Management Unit- SCI-GF Kathmandu Nepal Leprosy Control & Disability Management Section EPidemiology and Disease Control Division DoHS Kathmandu Nepal Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital & Service Center Nepal Leprosy Trust Lalgadh Nepal Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory Infectious Disease Research Centre Hopkirk Research Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Center for Health and Disease Studies-Nepal Kathmandu Nepal DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan

Background Nepal has achieved and sustained the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem since 2009,but 17 districts and 3 provinces with 41%(10,907,128)of Nepal’s population have yet to eliminate the *** cases and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)indicate recent transmission and late diagnosis,respectively,which necessitate active and early case *** operational research was performed to identify approaches best suited for early case detection,determine community-based leprosy epidemiology,and identify hidden leprosy cases early and respond with prompt *** Active case detection was undertaken in two Nepali provinces with the greatest burden of leprosy,Madhesh Province(40%national cases)and Lumbini Province(18%)and at-risk prison populations in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati *** detection was performed by(1)house-to-house visits among vulnerable populations(n=26,469);(2)contact examination and tracing(n=7608);in Madhesh and Lumbini Provinces and,(3)screening prison populations(n=4428)in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati Provinces of *** case direct medical and nonmedical costs for each approach were *** New case detection rates were highest for contact tracing(250),followed by house-to-house visits(102)and prison screening(45)per 100,000 population ***,the cost per case identifed was cheapest for house-to-house visits[Nepalese rupee(NPR)76,500/case],followed by contact tracing(NPR 90,286/case)and prison screening(NPR 298,300/case).House-to-house and contact tracing case paucibacillary/multibacillary(PB:MB)ratios were 59:41 and 68:32;female/male ratios 63:37 and 57:43;pediatric cases 11%in both approaches;and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)11%and 5%,*** leprosy was not signifcantly diferent among household and neighbor contacts[odds ratios(OR)=1.4,95%confdence interval(CI):0.24-5.85]and for contacts of MB versus PB cases(OR=0.7,95%CI 0.26-2.0).Attack rates were not signifcantly d

关键词： Leprosy Early case detection Community-based epidemiology Hidden case New case detection rate Attack rate Cost per case identifed Nepal

Are Environmental Vanguard Firms More Proactive Towards Environmental Conservation?An Empirical Study of Power Sector Firms in India

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2019年第2期1卷 31-41页

作者： Arun kumar Vishwakarma Arvind K nema National Institute of Industrial Engineering MumbaiIndia Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New DelhiIndia

Environmental protection is a crucial issue for environmentalists and *** every stakeholder in the industrial production process of a product is concerned about the detrimental effects on the environment due to *** environmental regulations are in place,some firms across diverse industrial sectors are considered as the environmental vanguard,i.e.,leaders in environmental *** being environmental vanguard result in environmental proactivity?This paper,through an empirical study of Indian power sector firms,studies the environmental proactivity of the firms who are known to be leaders in the adoption of environmental protection norms.A questionnaire-based survey method is used to analyse the responses *** study uses 280 responses for the analysis of the *** hypotheses are proposed and tested statistically through Structural Equation Modelling(SEM).The statistical analysis reveals that the firms who are environmental vanguard are more proactive towards environmental *** findings of the study can be useful for the policymakers and environmental managers in the formulation of policies which can be considered as a benchmark for the firms for the protection of the environment.

关键词： Proactive environmental strategies Environmental vanguard Statistical analysis Power sector Structural equation modelling

Chlorination roasting-coupled water leaching process for potash recovery from waste mica scrap using dry marble sludge powder and sodium chloride

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第9期27卷 1203-1215页

作者： Sandeep kumar Jena Jogeshwar Sahu Geetikamayee Padhy Swagatika Mohanty ajit Dash Mineral Processing and Central Characterization Department Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology(IMMT)BhubaneswarOdisha 751013India

The present paper reports the effective utilization of marble sludge powder(MSP)for the recovery of potash values from waste mica scrap using chlorination roasting-water leaching *** studies indicated the presence of dolomite as the major mineral phase in MSP,whereas muscovite and quartz were observed in the mica *** acid leaching studies suggest a maximum of 22%potash recovery under conditions:4 M H2SO4 acid,particle size of^100μm,stirring speed of 600 r/min,leaching temperature of 75℃,and leaching time of 90 *** chlorination roasting-water leaching process was adopted to achieve the lowest level of 80%-90%potash *** optimum conditions for the recovery of^93%potash from mica(~8.6wt%K2O)requires 900℃ roasting temperature,30 min roasting time,and 1:1:0.75 mass ratio of mica:MSP:*** roasting temperature and amount of NaCl are found to be the most important factors for the recovery *** reaction mechanism suggests the formation of different mineral phases,including sylvite(KCl),wollastonite,kyanite,and enstatite,during roasting,which were confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)*** MSP-blended NaCl additive is more effective for potash recovery compared with the other reported commercial roasting additives.

关键词： potash recovery mica scrap marble sludge powder chlorination roasting water leaching