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Recharge and vulnerability assessment of groundwater resources in North west India:Insights from isotope-geospatial modelling approach

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 247-262页

作者： Annadasankar Roy Sitangshu Chatterjee Uday Kumar Sinha Anil Kumar Jain Hemant Mohokar ajay Jaryal Tirumalesh Keesari harish Jagat Pant Isotope and Radiation Application Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai–400085India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400094India Central Ground Water Board AhmedabadGujaratIndia

Recent studies indicate dwindling groundwater quantity and quality of the largest regional aquifer system in North West India,raising concern over freshwater availability to about 182 million population residing in this *** agricultural activities have resulted severe groundwater pollution in this area,demanding a systematic vulnerability assessment for proactive *** vulnerability assessment models encounter drawbacks due to subjectivity,complexity,data-prerequisites,and spatial-temporal *** study incorporates isotopic information into a weighted-overlay framework to overcome the above-mentioned limitations and proposes a novel vulnerability assessment *** isotope methodology provides crucial insights on groundwater recharge mechanisms(18O and 2H)and dynamics(3H)-often ignored in vulnerability *** characterisation of precipitation helped in establishing Local Meteoric Water Line(LMWL)as well as inferring contrasting recharge mechanisms operating in different *** aquifer(depth<60 m)showed significant evaporative signature with evaporation loss accounting up to 18.04%based on Rayleigh distillation ***-aquifer connections were apparent from Kernel Density Estimate(KDE)and isotope correlations.A weighted overlay isotope-geospatial model was developed combining 18O,3H,aquifer permeability,and water level *** central and northern parts of study area fall under least(0.29%)and extremely(1.79%)vulnerable zones respectively,while majority of the study area fall under moderate(42.71%)and highly vulnerable zones(55.20%).Model validation was performed using groundwater NO3-concentration,which showed an overall accuracy up to 82%.Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)was performed for sensitivity analysis and permeability was found to be the most sensitive input parameter,followed by 3H,18O,and water *** the vulnerability map with Land Use Land Cover(LULC)and population density maps

关键词： Agricultural pollution Data scarcity Recharge mechanism Rayleigh distillation Isotope-geospatial model Vulnerability assessment

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Comprehensive analysis of uncertainty quantification for the^(58)Ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第9期48卷 170-175页

作者： Mahesh Choudhary Aman Sharma Namrata Singh Mahima Upadhyay Punit Dubey A.Gandhi Akash Hingu G Mishra Sukanya De L.S.Danu ajay Kumar R.G.Thomas Saurav Sood Sajin Prasad S.Mukherjee I.N.Ruskov Yu.N.Kopatch A.Kumar Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering-IFIN-HH Bucharest 077125Romania Department of Physics The Maharaja Sayajirao University of BarodaVadodara 390002India Nuclear Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Health Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Department of Electrical Power Engineering Brno University of TechnologyBrno 61600Czech Republic Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia 1784Bulgaria Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR) Dubna 141980Russia

In this study,we measured the^(58)Ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section with neutron energies of 1.06,1.86,and 2.85 *** cross section was measured using neutron activation techniques andγ-ray spectroscopy,and it was compared with cross section data available in the ***,we calculated the covariance matrix of the measured cross section for the aforementioned nuclear *** uncertainties of the theoretical calculation for^(58)Ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section were calculated via Monte Carlo *** this study,we used uncertainties in the optical model and level density parameters to calculate uncertainties in the theoretical cross *** theoretical calculations were performed by using *** this study,we aim to analyze the effect of uncertainties of the nuclear model input as well as different experimental variables used to obtain the values of reaction cross section.

关键词： ^(58)Ni(n p)^(58)Co reaction γ-ray spectroscopy uncertainty quantification of cross section covariance analysis

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Paradigm shift in transfusion practices during early COVID-19 pandemic:A single center retrospective study

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 78-86页

作者： Sumukh Arun Kumar Sushmita Prabhu Ankushi Sanghvi Maya Gogtay Mithil Gowda Suresh Harshit Khosla Yuvaraj Singh ajay Kumar Mishra Susan George Department of Internal Medicine Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States Department of Hematology and Oncology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States Hospice and Palliative Care UTHSC and McGovern School of MedicineTexasTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Cardiology Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States

BACKGROUND The advent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)unveiled the worst national blood crisis that the United States had witnessed in over a *** the pandemic influencing the different stages of the acquisition of blood products outside the hospital setting,we aimed to explore the possible barriers contributing to the shortage of blood products within the medical *** COVID era and pre-COVID *** We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on hospitalized patients distinguishing the pattern of blood transfusion during the COVID and pre-COVID era in a community *** was tabulated to include the number of red blood cell(RBC)transfusions and if transfusions met restrictive blood transfusion criteria as per institutional ***-square was applied to test the statistical association between qualitative *** t test and Mann Whitney U test were applied respectively to test the mean difference of quantitative *** A total of 208 patients were included in the study,of which 108 were during COVID era and 100 were during pre-COVID *** leading reason for admission in both the COVID era and pre-COVID era transfused patients was shortness of breath(53.7%and 36%P=0.001),followed by gastrointestinal bleeding(25.9%and 21%P=0.001).There was a higher percentage of RBC transfusions in the intensive care unit in the COVID-era group than in the pre-COVID era group(38.9%vs 22%,P=0.008).The restrictive transfusion criteria were met in 62%vs 79%in the COVID and pre-COVID eras,respectively(P=0.008).CONCLUSION The COVID-era group received RBC transfusions with less stringent adherence to restrictive blood transfusion practices in comparison to pre-COVID era group.

关键词： Blood transfusion Restrictive transfusion COVID-19 Pre-COVID-19 Blood shortage Pandemic

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A simplified model for understanding the performance of two-pot enclosed mud cookstoves

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Clean Energy 2019年第4期3卷 288-306页

作者： Ayush Parajuli Saurabh Agrawal Janak Kumar Tharu Anil Kumar Kamat ajay Kumar Jha hari Bahadur Darlami Department of Mechanical Engineering Pulchowk CampusTribhuvan UniversityLalitpurNepal

The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model for a two-pot enclosed mud cookstove.A new model has been developed combining transient heat transfer,combustion chemistry and fluid *** model can be used for variation of the operation and design *** model predicts performance parameters such as efficiency,boiling time,excess air ratio(EAR),transient wall,flame and char *** an input power of 5.1 kW,the estimated overall efficiency,EAR and boiling time were 17.1%,1.97 and 43 minutes,*** model outcome is compared with experimental ***,10 parameters are varied and their impact on cookstove performance is *** optimum dimension for the door opening,combustion-chamber height and wall thickness are ***,this study can serve as an effective tool for cookstove design.

关键词： improved cookstove modelling MATLAB transient heat transfer wood

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A comprehensive review of the effect of different kinetic promoters on methane hydrate formation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期34卷 1-16页

作者： Ekta Chaturvedi Sukumar Laik ajay Mandal Gas Hydrates Laboratory Petroleum Engineering DepartmentIndian Institute of Technology(ISM)DhanbadIndia

Gas hydrates have recently emerged as a better alternative for the production,storage,and transportation of natural ***,factors like slow formation rate and limited storage capacity obstruct the possible industrial application of this *** types of promoters and synergists have been developed that can improve the kinetics and storage capacity of gas *** review focuses on different kinetic promoters and synergists that can be utilized to enhance the storage capacity of *** main characteristics,structure and the possible limitations of the use of these promoters are likewise portrayed in *** relationship between structure and storage capacity of hydrates have also been discussed in the *** status of production of gas from hydrates,their restrictions,and future difficulties have additionally been addressed in the ensuing areas of the review.

关键词： Gas hydrates Structure Storage capacity Kinetic promoters Nano-materials Surfactants

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Global wild rice germplasm resources conservation alliance:World Wild-Rice Wiring

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 516-518页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Disna Ratnasekera Jiayu Fan Robert J.Henry Beng-Kah Song Kenneth M.Olsen Bal Krishna Joshi Maria Celeste N.Banaticla-Hilario Tonapha Pusadee Adane Getachew Melaku Yeyinou Laura Estelle Loko Koukham Vilayheuang Gavers K.Oppong Samuel Aduse Poku Peterson W.Wambugu Song Ge Aldo Merotto Junior Ohn Mar Aung Ramaiah Venuprasad ajay Kohli Wenbin Zhou Qian Qian National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Sanya National Research Institute of Breeding in Hainan Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777Metro Manila 4031Philippines Department of Agricultural Biology Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of RuhunaMatara 81000Sri Lanka Yazhouwan National Laboratory No.8 Huanjin RoadYazhou DistrictSanya CityHainan Province 572024China Hainan University Haikou 570228China ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia School of Science Monash University Malaysia47500 Bandar SunwaySelangor 47500Malaysia Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130-4899USA National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center(Genebank) KhumaltarPO Box 3055KathmanduNepal Plant Biology Division Insttute of Biological SciencesUniversity of the Pilippines Los BanosLos BanosLaguna 4031Philippines Division of Agronomy Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Bio and Emerging Technology Institute Addis Ababa 1165Ethiopia National University of Sciences TechnologiesEngineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)Dassa-ZouméBP 14Benin National Genebank Rice and Cash Crops Research CenterNAFRIVientiane 0605Lao PDR Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK UK Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences and University of Nottingham Nottingham LE125RDUK Department of Plant and Environmental Biology University of GhanaAccraGhana Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Genetic Resources Research InstituteNairobi 00200Kenya Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGSPorto Alegre 91501-970RSBrazil Department of Agricultur

Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing ***(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important crops in the world,providing staple food for half of the world's *** rice is thus a critical germplasm resource for sustained global food security,ensuring high production yields,improved quality,and stress resistance in the face of climate *** rice is closely related to domesticated rice and has a rich genetic diversity and exceptional adaptability to extreme *** has played a pivotal role in the history of rice hybridization and has become a key resource for rice breeding *** identification of wild-type cytoplasmic male sterility resources paved the way for the achievement of the“three lines”goal in hybrid rice,leading to a significant increase in rice *** addition,the use of resistance alleles found in wild rice is making rice production more resilient to losses caused by environmental ***,wild rice germplasm resources are threatened due to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic *** the same time,the lack of centralized distribution of wild rice has hampered the sharing of basic information on wild rice resources and the utilization and conservation of wild rice in each country,as well as collaboration among scientists.

关键词： germplasm breeding crops

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Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in Spin-S Ising Ferromagnet Driven by Propagating and Standing Magnetic Field Wave

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2017年第11期67卷 600-610页

作者： ajay Halder Muktish Acharyya Department of Physics Presidency University

The dynamical response of spin-S(S=1, 3/2, 2, 3) Ising ferromagnet to the plane propagating wave, standing magnetic field wave and uniformly oscillating field with constant frequency are studied separately in two dimensions by extensive Monte Carlo simulation. Depending upon the strength of the magnetic field and the value of the spin state of the Ising spin lattice two different dynamical phases are observed. For a fixed value of S and the amplitude of the propagating magnetic field wave the system undergoes a dynamical phase transition from propagating phase to pinned phase as the temperature of the system is cooled down. Similarly in case with standing magnetic wave the system undergoes dynamical phase transition from high temperature phase where spins oscillate coherently in alternate bands of half wavelength of the standing magnetic wave to the low temperature pinned or spin frozen phase. For a fixed value of the amplitude of magnetic field oscillation the transition temperature is observed to decrease to a limiting value as the value of spin S is increased. The time averaged magnetisation over a full cycle of the magnetic field oscillation plays the role of the dynamic order parameter. A comprehensive phase boundary is drawn in the plane of magnetic field amplitude and dynamic transition temperature. It is found that the phase boundary shrinks inwards for high value of spin state *** in the low temperature(and high field) region the phase boundaries are closely spaced.

关键词： Ising model dynamic phase transition Monte-Carlo algorithm propagating wave standing wave

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Modeling of flow of oil-in-water emulsions through porous media

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Petroleum Science 2015年第2期12卷 273-281页

作者： ajay Mandal Achinta Bera Department of Petroleum Engineering Indian School of Mines Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering School of Mining and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of Alberta

Formation and flow of emulsions in porous media are common in all enhanced oil recovery tech- niques. In most cases, oil-in-water （O/W） emulsions are formed in porous media due to oil-water interaction. Even now, detailed flow mechanisms of emulsions through porous media are not well understood. In this study, variation of rate of flow of O/W emulsions with pressure drop was studied experimentally, and rheological pa- rameters were calculated. The pressure drop increases with an increase in oil concentration in the O/W emulsion due to high viscosity. The effective viscosity of the emulsion was calculated from the derived model and expressed as a function of shear rate while flowing through porous media. Flow of O/W emulsions of different concentrations was evaluated in sand packs of different sand sizes. Emulsions were characterized by analyzing their stability, rheological properties, and tem- perature effects on rheological properties.

关键词： Emulsion Porous media RheologyModeling - Pressure drop

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Spectroscopic investigation of light strange S=−1Λ and Σ and S=−2Ξbaryons

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第6期45卷 91-108页

作者： Chandni Menapara ajay Kumar Rai Department of Physics Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of TechnologySurat-395007GujaratIndia

The present study is dedicated to light-strange∧with strangeness S=−1 and isospin I=0,with S=−1 and I=1,andΞbaryon with S=−2 andI=1/*** this study,the hypercentral constituent quark model with linear confining potential has been employed along with a first order correction term to obtain the resonance masses up to approximately 4 *** calculated states include 1S-5S,1P-4P,1D-3D,1F-2F,and 1G(in a few cases)along with all possible spin-parity *** trajectories have been explored for the linearity of the calculated masses for(n,M^(2))and(J,M^(2)).Magnetic moments have been intensively studied for ground state spin 1/2 and,3/2 in addition to the configuration mixing of the first negative parity state ***,the transition magnetic moments and radiative decay widths have been presented.

关键词： mass spectra strange baryon Regge trajectory magnetic moment

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Effect of lime on speciation of heavy metals during composting of water hyacinth

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 93-102页

作者： Jiwan SINGH ajay S. KALAMDHAD Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) Guwahati-781039 Assam India

Composting is attractive and inexpensive method for treatment and biomass disposal of water hyacinth. However, the major disadvantage of water hyacinth composting is the high content of heavy metals in the final compost. Addition of lime sludge significantly reduced most bioavailable fractions （exchangeable and carbonate） of heavy metals. Studies were carried on composting of water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） with cattle manure and sawdust （6：3：1 ratio） and effects of addition of lime （1%, 2% and 3%） on heavy metal speciation were evaluated during 30 days of composting period. The Tessier sequential extraction method was employed to investigate the changes in speciation of heavy metals such as Zinc （Zn）, Copper （Cu）, Manganese （Mn）, Iron （Fe）, Lead （Pb）, Nickel （Ni）, Cadmium （Cd） and Chromium （Cr） during water hyacinth composting. Effects of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH and organic matter on speciation of heavy metals were also studied during the process. Results showed that, the total metal content was increased during the composting process. The higher reduction in bioavailability factor （BF） of Cu, Fe, Ni, Cd and Cr was observed in lime 2 treatment about 62.1%, 64.4%, 71.9%, 62.1% and 58.9% respectively; however higher reduction in BF of Zn and Pb was observed in lime 1 treatment during the composting process. Reducible and oxidizable fractions of Ni, Pb and Cd were not observed during the process. Addition of lime was very effective for reduction ofbioavailability of heavy metals during composting of water hyacinth with cattle manure and sawdust.

关键词： composting lime heavy metals bioavailabil-ity factor speciation

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