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Spatial and temporal analysis of urban heat island effect over Tiruchirappalli city using geospatial techniques

Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第3期14卷 275-291页

作者： ajay Badugu K.S.Arunab Aneesh Mathew P.Sarwesh Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalli620015Tamil NaduIndia School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014Tamil NaduIndia

Alterations made to the natural ground surface and the anthropogenic activity elevate the surface and air temperature in the urban areas compared with the surrounding rural areas,known as urban heat island *** remote sensors measure the radiation emitted by ground objects,which can be used to estimate the land surface temperature and are beneficial for studying urban heat island *** present study investigates the spatial and temporal variations in the effects of urban heat island over Tiruchirappalli city in India during the summer and winter *** study also identifies hot spots and cold spots within the study *** this study,a significant land surface temperature difference was observed between the urban and rural areas,predominantly at night,indicating the presence of urban heat island at *** diurnal land surface temperature fluctuations are also detected seasonally,with a relatively higher temperature intensity during the *** trend line analysis shows that the mean land surface temperature of the study area is increasing at a rate of 0.166 K/decade with p less than *** using the spatial autocorrelation method with the urban heat island index as the key parameter,hot spots with a 99 percent confidence level and a 95 percent confidence level were found within the urban area.A hot spot with 95 and 90 percent confidence level was identified outside the urban *** spike in temperature for a particular region in the rural area is due to industry and the associated built-up *** study also identified cold spots with a 90 percent confidence level within the rural ***,cold spots with a 95 and 99 percent confidence level were not identified within the study area.

关键词： Urbanization Land surface temperature Urban heat island effect Hot spots Remote sensing

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Effective Opinion Spam Detection: A Study on Review Metadata Versus Content

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2020年第2期5卷 76-110页

作者： ajay Rastogi Monica Mehrotra Syed Shafat Ali Department of Computer Science Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiIndia

Purpose:This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of two major types of features—metadata-based(behavioral)and content-based(textual)—in opinion spam ***/methodology/approach:Based on spam-detection perspectives,our approach works in three settings:review-centric(spam detection),reviewer-centric(spammer detection)and product-centric(spam-targeted product detection).Besides this,to negate any kind of classifier-bias,we employ four classifiers to get a better and unbiased reflection of the obtained *** addition,we have proposed a new set of features which are compared against some well-known related *** experiments performed on two real-world datasets show the effectiveness of different features in opinion spam ***:Our findings indicate that behavioral features are more efficient as well as effective than the textual to detect opinion spam across all three *** addition,models trained on hybrid features produce results quite similar to those trained on behavioral features than on the textual,further establishing the superiority of behavioral features as dominating indicators of opinion *** features used in this work provide improvement over existing features utilized in other related ***,the computation time analysis for feature extraction phase shows the better cost efficiency of behavioral features over the *** limitations:The analyses conducted in this paper are solely limited to two wellknown datasets,viz.,Yelp Zip and Yelp NYC of *** implications:The results obtained in this paper can be used to improve the detection of opinion spam,wherein the researchers may work on improving and developing feature engineering and selection techniques focused more on metadata ***/value:To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first of its kind which considers three perspectives(review,reviewer and product-centric)and four classifiers to analyze the effecti

关键词： Opinion spam Behavioral features Textual features Review spammers Spam-targeted products

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Optimization and modeling of coagulation-flocculation to remove algae and organic matter from surface water by response surface methodology

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第5期13卷 115-127页

作者： Ziming Zhao Wenjun Sun Madhumita BRay ajay K Ray Tianyin Huang Jiabin Chen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Western UniversityLondon Ontario N6A 5B9Canada Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) Tsinghua UniversitySuzhou 215163China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China

Seasonal algal blooms of Lake Yangcheng highlight the necessity to develop an effective and optimal water treatment process to enhance the removal of algae and dissolved organic matter (DOM). In the present study, the coagulation performance for the removal of algae, turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) was investigated systematically by central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM). The regression models were developed to illustrate the relationships between coagulation performance and experimental variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test the significance of the response surface models. It can be concluded that the major mechanisms of coagulation to remove algae and DOM were charge neutralization and sweep flocculation at a pH range of 4.66–6.34. The optimal coagulation conditions with coagulant dosage of 7.57 mg Al/L, pH of 5.42 and initial algal cell density of 3.83 × 106 cell/mL led to removal of 96.76%, 97.64%, 40.23% and 30.12% in term of cell density, turbidity, DOC and UV254 absorbance, respectively, which were in good agreement with the validation experimental results. A comparison between the modeling results derived through both ANOVA and artificial neural networks (ANN) based on experimental data showed a high correlation coefficient, which indicated that the models were significant and fitted well with experimental results. The results proposed a valuable reference for the treatment of algae-laden surface water in practical application by the optimal coagulation-flocculation process.

关键词： Algae Coagulation-flocculation Response surface methodology Artificial neural networks

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Review of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture technologies using activated carbon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 46-63页

作者： Alivia Mukherjee Jude A.Okolie Amira Abdelrasoul Catherine Niu ajay K.Dalai Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon 57 Campus Drive

Carbon dioxide(CO2) is the largest anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG) on the planet contributing to the global warming. Currently, there are three capture technologies of trapping CO2 from the flue gas and they are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion. Among these, the post-combustion is widely popular as it can be retrofitted for a short to medium term without encountering any significant technology risks or *** carbon is widely used as a universal separation medium with series of advantages compared to the first generation capture processes based on amine-based scrubbing which are inherently energy intensive. The goal of this review is to elucidate the three CO2 capture technologies with a focus on the use of activated carbon(AC) as an adsorbent for post-combustion anthropogenic CO2 flue gas capture prior to emission to atmosphere. Furthermore, this coherent review summarizes the recent ongoing research on the preparation of activated carbon from various sources to provide a profound understanding on the current progress to highlight the challenges of the CO2 mitigation efforts along with the mathematical modeling of CO2 capture. AC is widely seen as a universal adsorbent due to its unique properties such as high surface area and porous texture. Other applications of AC in the removal of contaminants from flue gas, heavy metal and organic compounds, as a catalyst and catalyst support and in the electronics and electroplating industry are also discussed in this study.

关键词： Post-combustion Greenhouse gas Carbon dioxide capture Activated carbon Adsorption

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Intrusion detection and prevention system for an IoT environment

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第4期8卷 540-551页

作者： ajay Kumar K.Abhishek M.R.Ghalib A.Shankar X.Cheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering NIT PatnaBiharIndia Faculty of Science Engineering Computing(SEC)De Montfort UniversityDubaiUnited Arab Emirates Department of CSE Amity School of Engineering and TechnologyAmity UniversityUttar PradeshIndia Department of Computer Science Middlesex UniversityLondonUK

Internet of Things(IoT)security is the act of securing IoT devices and *** devices,including industrial machines,smart energy grids,and building automation,are extremely *** the goal of shielding network systems from illegal access in cloud servers and IoT systems,Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs)and Network-based Intrusion Prevention Systems(NBIPSs)are proposed in this *** intrusion prevention system is proposed to realize NBIPS to safeguard top to bottom *** proposed NBIPS inspects network activity streams to identify and counteract misuse *** NBIPS is usually located specifically behind a firewall,and it provides a reciprocal layer of investigation that adversely chooses unsafe *** IPS sensors can be installed either in an inline or a passive *** inline sensor is installed to monitor the traffic passing through *** sensors are installed to stop attacks by blocking the traffic using an IoT signature-based protocol.

关键词： IDS and IPS Cloud Firewall Denial of service Smart environment Internet of things NBIPS

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Physicochemical properties and morphology of biochars as affected by feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperatures

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Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 325-336页

作者： Joao Arthur Antonangelo Hailin Zhang Xiao Sun ajay Kumar Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University371 Agricultural HallStillwaterOK 74078-6028USA Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State University111 Agricultural HallStillwaterOK 74078USA

Feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperatures affect the physicochemical and morphological properties of *** evaluated biochars derived from switchgrass(SGB)and poultry litter(PLB)pyrolyzed at 350℃(SGB350,PLB350)and 700℃(SGB700,PLB700)to identify their potential ability in improving soil *** for SGB350,the pH of biochars was high(>10.0)and can be used as an amendment in acid ***700 had higher mineral content and nutrient availability due to its higher ash content(tenfold higher)and electrical *** functional groups responsible for metal retention were evidenced in all *** exchange capacity(CEC),specific surface area(SSA),and microporosity more than doubled by increasing pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 700℃.The pH-buffering capacity measured through acid titration curve was better than that calculated with acid/alkali *** pyrolyzed at 700℃ have much higher pH,CEC,SSA,and stronger buffering capacity,and thus are more promising to improve soil health and reduce contaminant bioavailability.

关键词： Biochars Switchgrass Poultry litter Physicochemical properties Pyrolysis

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Integrating Transformer and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory for Intelligent Breast Cancer Detection from Histopathology Biopsy Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 443-458页

作者： Prasanalakshmi Balaji Omar Alqahtani Sangita Babu Mousmi ajay Chaurasia Shanmugapriya Prakasam Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61451Saudi Arabia College of Science and Arts in Rijal Alma King Khalid UniversityAbha61451Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabad500034India Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Rajalakshmi Engineering CollegeThandalam602105India

Breast cancer is a significant threat to the global population,affecting not only women but also a threat to the entire *** recent advancements in digital pathology,Eosin and hematoxylin images provide enhanced clarity in examiningmicroscopic features of breast tissues based on their staining *** cancer detection facilitates the quickening of the therapeutic process,thereby increasing survival *** analysis made by medical professionals,especially pathologists,is time-consuming and challenging,and there arises a need for automated breast cancer detection *** upcoming artificial intelligence platforms,especially deep learning models,play an important role in image diagnosis and ***,the histopathology biopsy images are taken from standard data ***,the gathered images are given as input to the Multi-Scale Dilated Vision Transformer,where the essential features are ***,the features are subjected to the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM)for classifying the breast cancer *** efficacy of the model is evaluated using divergent *** compared with other methods,the proposed work reveals that it offers impressive results for detection.

关键词： Bidirectional long short-term memory breast cancer detection feature extraction histopathology biopsy images multi-scale dilated vision transformer

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Analytical Comparison of Resource Search Algorithms in Non-DHT Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 983-1001页

作者： ajay Arunachalam Vinayakumar Ravi Moez Krichen Roobaea Alroobaea Jehad Saad Alqurni Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems(AASS) Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden Center for Articial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia Faculty of CSIT Al-Baha UniversitySaudi Arabia ReDCAD LaboratoryUniversity of SfaxTunisia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Education Technologies College of EducationImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversitySaudi Arabia

One of the key challenges in ad-hoc networks is the resource discovery *** efciently&quickly the queried resource/object can be resolved in such a highly dynamic self-evolving network is the underlying question?Broadcasting is a basic technique in the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks(MANETs),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission *** is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every *** naive ooding technique oods the network with query messages,while the random walk scheme operates by contacting subsets of each node’s neighbors at every step,thereby restricting the search *** earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of ooding technique,and its variants,in a wired network ***,there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,the analytical results are still lacking,especially in the context of mobile P2P *** this article,we mathematically model different widely used existing search techniques,and compare with the proposed improved random walk method,a simple lightweight approach suitable for the non-DHT *** provide analytical expressions to measure the performance of the different ooding-based search techniques,and our proposed *** analytically derive 3 relevant key performance measures,i.e.,the *** of steps needed to nd a resource,the probability of locating a resource,and the *** of messages generated during the entire search process.

关键词： Mathematical model MANET P2P networks P2P MANET unstructured search algorithms Peer-to-Peer ad-hoc ooding random walk resource discovery content discovery mobile peer-to-peer broadcast peer

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Modularly assembled multiplex prime editors for simultaneous editing of agronomically important genes in rice

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Plant Communications 2024年第2期5卷 67-78页

作者： ajay Gupta Bo Liu Saad Raza Qi-Jun Chen Bing Yang Division of Plant Science and Technology Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA

Prime editing(PE)technology enables precise alterations in the genetic code of a genome of *** offers great potential for identifying major agronomically important genes in plants and editing them into superior variants,ideally targeting multiple loci simultaneously to realize the collective effects of the ***,we report the development of a modular assembly-based multiplex PE system in rice and demon-strate its efficacy in editing up to four genes in a single transformation *** duplex PE(DPE)system achieved a co-editing efficiency of 46.1%in the T0 generation,converting TFIIAg5 to xa5 and xa23 to *** resulting double-mutant lines exhibited robust broad-spectrum resistance against multiple Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo)strains in the T1 *** addition,we success-fully edited OsEPSPS1 to an herbicide-tolerant variant and OsSWEET11a to a Xoo-resistant allele,achieving a co-editing rate of 57.14%.Furthermore,with the quadruple PE(QPE)system,we edited four genes—two for herbicide tolerance(OsEPSPS1 and OsALS1)and two for Xoo resistance(TFIIAg5 and OsSWEET11a)—using one construct,with a co-editing efficiency of 43.5%for all four genes in the T0 *** performed multiplex PE usingfive more constructs,including two for triplex PE(TPE)and three for QPE,each targeting a different set of *** editing rates were dependent on the activity of pegRNA and/or *** instance,optimization of ngRNA increased the PE rates for one of the targets(OsSPL13)from 0%to 30%but did not improve editing at another target(OsGS2).Overall,our modular assembly-based system yielded high PE rates and streamlined the cloning of PE reagents,making it feasible for more labs to utilize PE for their editing *** have significant implications for advancing gene editing techniques in plants and may pave the way for future agricultural applications.

关键词： prime editing rice bacterial blight herbicide tolerance multiplex genome editing

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Productive performance of commercial growing and finishing pigs supplemented with a Buttiauxella phytase as a total replacement of inorganic phosphate

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 351-357页

作者： Yueming Dersjant-Li Peter Plumstead ajay Awati Janet Remus Danisco Animal Nutrition DuPont Industrial Biosciences Marlborough SN8 1XN United Kingdom Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences University of Pretoria Hatfield Pretoria 0028 South Africa Danisco Animal Nutrition DuPont Industrial Biosciences St. Louis MO 63167 USA

The objective of this study was to test if a novel phytase from Buttiauxella sp. can replace all added inorganic phosphate in a diet with reduced Ca and metabolizable energy(ME) fed to commercial pigs from12 kg body weight(BW) until slaughter, whilst maintaining performance and carcass quality *** dietary treatments were tested in a completely randomized design with 9 replicate pens, each containing 31 mixed sex Newsham Choice pigs. Diets included a positive control(PC) based on corn,soybean meal, wheat middling and bakery meal, meeting all nutrient requirement of pigs; a negative control(NC) excluded inorganic phosphate and with reduced Ca(-0.13%) and ME(-0.15 MJ/kg); and NC supplemented with Buttiauxella phytase at 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg feed. Diets were fed ad libitum in mash form in 5 phases: starter(12 to 25 kg BW), grower 1(25 to 50 kg BW) and 2(50 to 75 kg BW), and finisher1(75 to 100 kg BW) and 2(100 kg BW to slaughter). The NC group showed lower(P < 0.05) average daily feed intake(ADFI) and average daily gain(ADG) in starter and grower phases, lower gain to feed ratio(G:F)in starter and grower 1 compared with PC. Pigs receiving the high dose of phytase of 1,000 FTU/kg had improved performance vs. the 500 FTU/kg phytase treatment in starter and grower 1 phase compared with the PC in grower 1 phase. Increasing phytase dose resulted in a linear increase in ADG(12 to120 kg BW) and G:F(50 to 75 kg BW). A comparison of treatment groups over the full production period from 12 kg BW until slaughter showed that both 500 and 1,000 FTU/kg phytase treatments were able to maintain growth performance and carcass characteristics compared with PC. The application of Buttiauxella phytase could therefore be used as an effective strategy to replace all inorganic phosphate in diets of pigs fed corn, soybean meal, wheat middling and bakery meal based diets from 12 kg BW. An economic analysis showed greater return from both phytase treatments vs. the PC and favored the

关键词： Buttiauxella phytase Carcass Pigs Phosphorus Productive performance

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