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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2012年第2期3卷 167-188页

作者： ANIRBAN BHATTACHARYA ajay BATISH KULWINDER SINGH Mechanical Engineering Department Thapar University Patiala–147004India

This study reports the results of a finite element simulation of powder mixed electric discharge machining process for H11 Hot Die steel material using relevant boundary conditions and reasonable *** crater shape was developed using simulated temperature profiles to estimate the volume removed in a single *** temperature distribution on the workpiece was used to predict the cooling rate and calculate the stresses generated due to thermal ***,the simulation results were experimentally validated by physically measuring the crater shape and *** the results it was concluded that about 25%of heat is transmitted to the workpiece during machining at the process conditions used in the *** microscopic pictures showed bigger craters with increase in *** machined surface showed overlapping craters with surface cracks suggesting a high cooling rate.

关键词： Finite element simulation powder mixed electric discharge machining crater cooling rate stress experimental validation.

HIV prevalence in suspects attending Sir Sunder Lal Hospital

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第1期1卷 69-73页

作者： ajay Singh Department of Paediatrics Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu University

Objective:To assess the sero-positivity rate of HIV infection among clinically suspected subjects of reproductive age group(15-49 years),biological and behavioral characteristics of the subjects gender specific variation of sero-positivity rale,and the differentials of the sero-positivity rate for the history of blood transfusion or blood products or other organs,history of needle exposure and symptoms of ***:Study is based on the retrospective data of the calendar year 2005 obtained from Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre(VCTC)(now renamed as ICTC),Department of Microbiology,I.M.S.,B.H.U..*** cases were either referred by the consultants of different OPD'S of Sir Sunderlal Hospital or came voluntarily for knowing their HIV *** 2-3 mL of blood samples were collected in a plain vial and tested for HIV status by strategy Ⅱ/Ⅲ as per WHO/NACO ***:Overall sero-positivity of HIV was 15.3%(18.1%in males and 12.2%in females) which increased 6-7 folds in the age group 35-49 years as compared to 15-24 years in both the ***-positivity rate in male migrants was 43.1%,while in female migrants it was 18.7%.The history of multiple sexual contacts was about 3 times higher in males as compared to females;predominantly it was very high in male migrants(67.7%) as compared to male non-migrants(15.8%).History of multiple sexual contacts was not uncommon in females and it was 25.0%in female migrants and 9.7%in non-migrant *** sero-positivity rate with the history of multiple sexual contacts was 45.4%in males and 60.3%in females,while without history of multiple sexual contacts these were only 2.8%and 5.3%***-positive cases had on an average 3.6±1.7 various morbidity symptoms as compared to 0.7±1.1 in *** is to be noted that sero-positivity rate was more in those females who seemed apparently healthy compared to those presenting with some of the symptoms;vice versa,in males presenting with som

关键词： Migration Multiple sexual contacts Heterosexual HIV AIDS Reproductive Antibiotic therapy HIV prevalence Seropositivity Transimission HIV infection Sexual contact Migrant Blood sample Biological characteristic Blood transfusion Needle exposure Awareness

Hopf bifurcation in a delayed prey-predator model with prey refuge involving fear effect

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第5期17卷 1-32页

作者： Ankit Parwaliya Anuraj Singh ajay Kumar Department of Applied Sciences ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and ManagementGwalior 474015India

This work investigates a prey-predator model featuring a Holling-type II functional response,in which the fear effect of predation on the prey species,as well as prey refuge,are ***,the model assumes that the growth rate of the prey population decreases as a result of the fear of ***,the detection of the predator by the prey species is subject to a delay known as the fear response delay,which is incorporated into the *** paper establishes the preliminary conditions for the solution of the delayed model,including positivity,boundedness and *** paper discusses the existence and stability of equilibrium points in the *** particular,the paper considers the discrete delay as a bifurcation parameter,demonstrating that the system undergoes Hopf bifurcation at a critical value of the delay *** direction and stability of periodic solutions are determined using central manifold and normal form ***,the global stability of the model is established at axial and positive equilibrium *** extensive numerical simulation is presented to validate the analytical findings,including the continuation of the equilibrium branch for positive equilibrium points.

关键词： Hopf bifurcation fear effect prey refuge periodic solutions time delay branch off

Enhanced oil recovery by nonionic surfactants considering micellization, surface, and foaming properties

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Petroleum Science 2017年第2期14卷 362-371页

作者： Achinta Bera ajay Mandal Hadi Belhaj Tarkeswar Kumar Petroleum Engineering Department The Petroleum Institute P.O. Box 2533 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Petroleum Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India

Surfactants for enhanced oil recovery are important to study due to their special characteristics like foam generation,lowering interfacial tension between oleic and aqueous phases,and wettability alteration of reservoir rock *** is a good mobility control agent in enhanced oil recovery for improving the mobility *** the present work,the foaming behavior of three nonionic ethoxylated surfactants,namely Tergitol 15-S-7,Tergitol 15-S-9,and Tergitol 15-S-12,was studied *** the surfactants,Tergitol 15-S-12 shows the highest *** effect of Na Cl concentration and synthetic seawater on foaming behavior of the surfactants was investigated by the test-tube shaking *** critical micelle concentrations of aqueous solutions of the different nonionic surfactants were measured at 300 *** was found that the critical micelle concentrations of all surfactants also increased with increasing ethylene oxide *** light scattering experiments were performed to investigate the micelle sizes of the surfactants at their respective critical micelle *** flooding experiments were carried out in sand packs using the surfactant *** was found tha t22% additional oil was recovered in the case of all the surfactants over secondary water *** 15-S-12exhibited the maximum additional oil recovery which is more than 26%after water injection.

关键词： Enhanced oil recovery Ethylene oxide number Foaming properties Surfactant flooding Micellization

Unearthing old rice germplasm,illuminating a new way to improvement

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1041-1043页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Ramaiah Venuprasad ajay Kohli International Rice Research Institute Metro ManilaPhilippines

We are on the cusp of a new era,with the global pop-ulation surpassing 8 billion,and over half relying on riceas their staple food(Sasaki and Burr,2000).Despite thisgrowing demand,rice yield per unit has seemingly plateauedfor many years(Song et al.,2022).This stagnation raisesserious concerns about future global food security,especiallyconsidering the shrinking arable land in many countries.

关键词： germplasm plateau spite

Anthropogenic disturbances and their impact on vegetation in Western Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第1期13卷 69-82页

作者： Zubair A.MALIK Rajiv PANDEY ajay Ballabh BHATT Ecology Laboratory Department of Botany and MicrobiologyHNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India Department of Botany Govt.Degree CollegeBeerwah Budgam(J&K)-193411India. Department of Forestry andNatural Resources HNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India

The present study assesses anthropogenic disturbances and their impacts on the vegetation in Western Himalaya,India on the basis of various disturbance parameters such as density,Total Basal Cover(TBC) of cut stumps,lopping percentage and grazing *** the basis of canopy cover and frequency of disturbances(%),the studied forests were divided into highly disturbed(HD),moderately disturbed(MD) and least disturbed(LD) *** HD forests had the lowest canopy cover,lowest density and lowest TBC and the LD had the highest canopy cover,highest density and highest *** MD forests occupied the intermediate position with respect to these *** richness was least in HD forests,highest in one of the MD forests while LD forest occupied an intermediate *** percentage of regenerating species was lowest(54%) in HD and highest(72%) in *** density of seedlings and saplings was higher in one of the MD forests as compared to HD and *** concluded that the moderate disturbances do not affect the vegetation adversely;however the increased degree of disturbance causes loss in plant diversity;affects regeneration and changes community *** of hydroelectric projects at various places in the study area was found to be one of the most important sources of anthropogenic disturbances in addition to the routine anthropogenic disturbances like grazing,fuelwood collection and fodder *** all proposed dams in the Indian Himalaya are constructed combined with weak national environmental impact assessment and implementation,it will result in a significant loss of ***,various agents of disturbances should be evaluated in cumulative manner and any developmental activities such as hydropower projects,which trigger various natural and anthropogenic disturbances,should be combined with proper cumulative environmental impact assessment and effective implementation to minimise the anticipated loss of vegetation.

关键词： forests vegetation canopy grazing anthropogenic disturbance moderately timber woody stands

Experimental and modeling study of kinetics for methane hydrate formation in a crude oil-in-water emulsion

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Petroleum Science 2016年第3期13卷 489-495页

作者： Shranish Kar Himangshu Kakati ajay Mandal Sukumar Laik Department of Petroleum Engineering Indian School of Mines

A low-viscosity emulsion of crude oil in water can be believed to be the bulk of a flow regime in a *** differentiate which crude oil would and which would not counter the blockage of flow due to gas hydrate formation in flow channels,varying amount of crude oil in water emulsion without any other extraneous additives has undergone methane gas hydrate formation in an autoclave *** oil was able to thermodynamically inhibit the gas hydrate formation as observed from its hydrate stability *** normalized rate of hydrate formation in the emulsion has been calculated from an illustrative chemical affinity model,which showed a decrease in the methane consumption（decreased normalized rate constant） with an increase in the oil content in the *** transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） of the emulsion and characteristic properties of the crude oil have been used to find the chemical component that could be pivotal in selfinhibitory characteristic of the crude oil collected from Ankleshwar,India,against a situation of clogged flow due to formation of gas hydrate and establish flow assurance.

关键词： Methane gas hydrates Organic inhibitors Chemical affinity model Normalized rate constant Asphaltenes

A robust deep structured prediction model for petroleum reservoir characterization using pressure transient test data

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Petroleum Research 2022年第2期7卷 204-219页

作者： Rakesh Kumar Pandey Anil Kumar ajay Mandal Department of Petroleum and Energy Studies School of Engineering and TechnologyDIT UniversityDehradun248009India Data Science Research Group School of ComputingDIT UniversityDehradun248009India Department of Petroleum Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines)Dhanbad826004India

A robust deep learning model consisting of long short-term memory and fully connected neural net-works has been proposed to automatically interpret homogeneous petroleum reservoirs having infinite,no flow,and constant pressure outer boundary *** pressure change data recorded during the well test operation along with its derivative is input into the model to perform the classification for identifying the reservoir model and,further,regression to estimate output *** noise was added to analytical models while generating the synthetic training *** hyperparameters were regulated to perform model optimization,resulting in a batch size of 64,Adam optimization algorithm,learning rate of 0.01,and 80:10:10 data split ratio as the best choices of *** perfor-mance accuracy also increased with an increase in the number of samples during *** classification and regression metrics have been used to evaluate the performance of the *** paper also demonstrates the prediction performance of the optimized model using simulated and actual oil well pressure drawdown test *** proposed model achieved minimum and maximum relative errors of 0.0019 and 0.0308,respectively,in estimating output for the simulated test cases and relative error of 0.0319 for the real test case.

关键词： Well test Reservoir characterization Automatic interpretation Prediction model Hyperparameter tuning Performance indicator

Insights on liver-directed surgical innovations, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy for biliary tract cancer: navigating the new European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 516-519页

作者： ajay V.Maker Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA

Cancers of the bile duct,including gallbladder cancer,extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,hilar and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,present a significant treatment *** by their notorious difficulty to diagnose or biopsy,intricate anatomical locations and diverse clinical presentations,these malignancies collectively contribute to a significant burden on global *** epidemiology of bile duct cancers reveals worldwide variations in incidence,prevalence,and mortality rates,emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of each subtype and the local environmental *** in early diagnosis further compound the complexity of managing these cancers,often leading to advanced stage at the time of detection and treatment *** remains the cornerstone of curative-intent treatment of bile duct cancers,yet the rate of recurrence and metastases underscores the importance of comprehensive multidisciplinary therapeutic *** randomized clinical trials have been performed;however,they have been challenged by the lack of active agents,a limited number of accrued patients,and a grouping of all patients together regardless of where in the biliary tract the tumor *** has resulted in variations in treatment strategies and multiple treatment options that range from immunotherapy to radiation to hepatic artery infusion therapy(more on this later).A greater understanding of the mutational landscape of biliary tract cancers has resulted in optimism around appropriately targeted agents and combination ***,many of these regimens await robust outcomes data,and it is questionable if they significantly move the needle forward to improve overall *** now,more than ever,there is a need for updated treatment guidelines.

关键词： Gallbladder cancer cholangiocarcinoma guidelines bile duct cancer hepatic artery infusion pump

Breakthrough CO_2 adsorption in bio-based activated carbons

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 68-76页

作者： Sepideh Shahkarami Ramin Azargohar ajay K.Dalai Jafar Soltan Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan

In this work, the effects of different methods of activation on CO2 adsorption performance of activated carbon were studied. Activated carbons were prepared from biochar, obtained from fast pyrolysis of white wood, using three different activation methods of steam activation, CO2 activation and Potassium hydroxide（KOH） activation. CO2 adsorption behavior of the produced activated carbons was studied in a fixed-bed reactor set-up at atmospheric pressure, temperature range of 25–65°C and inlet CO2 concentration range of10–30 mol% in He to determine the effects of the surface area, porosity and surface chemistry on adsorption capacity of the samples. Characterization of the micropore and mesopore texture was carried out using N2 and CO2 adsorption at 77 and 273 K, *** composite design was used to evaluate the combined effects of temperature and concentration of CO2 on the adsorption behavior of the adsorbents. The KOH activated carbon with a total micropore volume of 0.62 cm3/g and surface area of 1400 m2/g had the highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.8 mol/kg due to its microporous structure and high surface area under the optimized experimental conditions of 30 mol% CO2 and 25°C. The performance of the adsorbents in multi-cyclic adsorption process was also assessed and the adsorption capacity of KOH and CO2 activated carbons remained remarkably stable after50 cycles with low temperature（160°C） regeneration.

关键词： Biochar Activated carbon Dynamic CO2adsorption Micropore Surface area