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1990年和2019年坦桑尼亚非传染性疾病负担分析

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1990年和2019年坦桑尼亚非传染性疾病负担分析

作者： aisha Saleh Abdulla 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:该研究的主要目标是分析1990年和2019年坦桑尼亚非传染性疾病的负担,评估其非传染性疾病的生命损失年数、残疾引起的生命损失年、伤残调整寿命年,确定伤残调整寿命年的原因,估计非传染性疾病的流行情况;分析非传染性疾病死亡率,并... 详细信息

目的:该研究的主要目标是分析1990年和2019年坦桑尼亚非传染性疾病的负担,评估其非传染性疾病的生命损失年数、残疾引起的生命损失年、伤残调整寿命年,确定伤残调整寿命年的原因,估计非传染性疾病的流行情况;分析非传染性疾病死亡率,并确定非传染性疾病有关的主要影响因素。方法:通过从全球负担疾病在线数据库中提取相关数据,提取的数据包括1990年和2019年坦桑尼亚的12种非传染性疾病的生命损失年数、残疾引起的生命损失年、伤残调整寿命年、患病率、死亡率以及影响非传染性疾病的三种主要危险因素(代谢风险因素、行为风险因素和环境/职业风险因素),数据整理分析采用Excel 2016,数据采集查询网址为“https//:***”。结果:(1)生命损失年数(YLLs)结果显示,心血管疾病在1990年为2716.17/10万,2019年为2242.99/10万,心血管疾病在YLLs中排在首位。相比之下,精神障碍在1990年为0.023/10万,2019年为0.069/10万,其仍旧排在末尾。(2)残疾引起的生命损失年(YLDs)结果显示,除感官器官疾病、皮肤病和其他非传染性疾病外,所有疾病的因残疾引起的生命损失年均有所增加。精神障碍在YLDs中排在首位,由1990年的1355.80/10万增至2019年的1408.66/10万。肿瘤仍然是最后一个,但YLDs的势头已从1990年的24.33/10万上升到2019年的27.54/10万。(3)残疾调整寿命年(DalYs)结果显示,心血管疾病是继其他非传染性疾病之后最大的残疾调整生命年来源,1990年为2934.80/10万,2019年为2490.66/10万。其他非传染性疾病的DalYs从2019年的5160.09/10万下降到2019年的3479.65/10万。然而,药物使用仍然是排名最低的,但从1990年的167.30/10万增长到2019年的196.46/10万。(4)在非传染性疾病死亡率方面,心血管疾病是1990年和2019年造成高死亡率的首要原因,其次是肿瘤和其他非传染性疾病,但死亡率有所下降。相比而言,神经疾病、皮肤病、药物使用和肌肉疾病是排名中最低的,在1990年和2019年死亡率略有增长。(5)在非传染性疾病患病率方面,皮肤病有很高的患病率,从1990年的30600.50/10万升至2019年的30628.63/10万;排在皮肤病之后的肿瘤从1990年的1758.83/10万增加到2019年的23280.71/10万,药物使用患病率最低,1990年为1353.51/10万,2019年为1429.40/10万。(6)非传染性疾病有三个主要危险因素为代谢风险因素、行为风险因素和环境/职业风险因素。1990年,代谢危险因素占糖尿病和慢性肾脏疾病的75.41%,其次是心血管疾病(43.91%)和精神疾病(24.20%)。而在2019年,代谢危险因素对糖尿病和慢性肾脏疾病的贡献率为75.50%,其次是心血管疾病和神经系统疾病,分别为49.66%和35.12%。1990年行为危险因素对药物使用的贡献率较高,为100.00%,其次是消化系统疾病和肿瘤,分别为98.53%和85.85%。2019年行为风险因素对药物使用的贡献率仍旧为100%,其次还是是消化系统疾病和肿瘤,分别为96.88%和80.05%,相比而言略有降低。环境危险因素中,1990年感官系统疾病占92.39%,其次是肌肉骨骼疾病,占71.14%。2019年,环境风险因素继续是感官器官疾病的主要贡献,为100.00%,其次是肌肉骨骼疾病,为66.16%。结论:为预防和控制非传染性疾病,需要采取有效的干预措施,防止坦桑尼亚非传染性疾病负担不断上升。坦桑尼亚卫生政策制定者应针对重点疾病采取必要的干预措施,尤其是心血管疾病、精神障碍类疾病、肿瘤等,因为这些疾病在生命损失年数、残疾引起的生命损失年、伤残调整生命年中所占比重较高。同时,研究发现心血管疾病和肿瘤的死亡较高,皮肤病、肿瘤和消化系统疾病的患病率较高,这些疾病不仅应引起坦桑尼亚政府的足够重视,坦桑尼亚人民也应该提高自我防范意识。此次研究发现不同疾病在不同的危险因素中所占比重不同,糖尿病和慢性肾脏疾病在代谢风险因素中所占比重较大,建议应对此类疾病从代谢因素方面采取干预措施,降低发病风险;同时药物乱用、消化系统类疾病和肿瘤在行为因素中所占比重较大,因此建议对此类疾病从行为方面采取干预措施,如加强宣传教育,进而减低发病风险;感官系统疾病在环境危险因素中所占比重较大。建议对此类疾病从环境因素方面采取干预措施,如改善环境,进而降低发病风险。最后,坦桑尼亚政府应提高医疗方面的投入,通过加强对非传染性疾病的监测,提高对非传染性疾病的预防和控制能力,进而降低非传染性疾病的发

关键词：非传染性疾病伤残调整寿命年生命损失年数残疾引起的生命损失年疾病负担危险因素

Do Patients in a Primary Care Practice Know the Current Cancer Screening Guidelines?

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第5期4卷 199-306页

作者： Neil D’Souza Morgan Slater aisha Lofters Department of Family and Community Medicine St. Michael’s Hospital-University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Background: In spite of supporting evidence and widespread promotional campaigns, screening rates for breast, cervical and colorectal cancers in Ontario are lower than expected. These low screening rates may be partially due to lack of knowledge on the part of patients. Given the importance of early detection to reduce cancer mortality and morbidity, it is prudent to investigate where knowledge deficits may exist. The purpose of this study was to assess patient knowledge of the Ontario screening guidelines for breast, cervical and colorectal cancers. Methods: Patients of a family health team in Toronto, Ontario were surveyed regarding their knowledge of cancer screening guidelines. Questions included knowledge regarding the test, screening interval and age for cancer screening for breast, cervical and colorectal cancers as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 117 patients were surveyed. Knowledge of the appropriate screening test was high for breast and cervical cancer (85.5% and 70.1% respectively) though much lower for colorectal cancer (17.1%). Knowledge regarding the age that screening should occur and the screening intervals were much lower across all cancer types. For breast cancer, 16.2% knew the age screening should occur and 30.8% knew the screening interval. For cervical cancer, 6.8% knew the age screening should occur and only 4.3% knew the screening interval. For colorectal cancer, 32.5% knew the age to start screening and 26% knew the screening interval. Conclusions: Knowledge of the cancer screening guidelines appeared to be low across all cancer types, particularly for the ages at when screening should occur and the appropriate screening intervals. These results suggest that public health practitioners and cancer prevention organizations may need to increase efforts for patient education on cancer screening.

关键词： Cancer Screening Health Promotion Illness Prevention

半乳糖1-磷酸尿嘧啶转移酶GalT与苏云金芽胞杆菌XL6的生物被膜形成和UV-B抗性相关

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半乳糖1-磷酸尿嘧啶转移酶GalT与苏云金芽胞杆菌XL6的生物被膜形...

作者： aisha Lawan Idris 福建农林大学

学位级别：硕士

紫外线(UV)是一种主要的非生物胁迫,导致苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)生物农药在田间的持效期相对较短。这一问题有望通过能提高细菌对紫外线抗性的生物被膜来解决。为了达到这一目的,重要的先决工作之一就是阐明生物被... 详细信息

紫外线(UV)是一种主要的非生物胁迫,导致苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)生物农药在田间的持效期相对较短。这一问题有望通过能提高细菌对紫外线抗性的生物被膜来解决。为了达到这一目的,重要的先决工作之一就是阐明生物被膜相关基因对生物被膜的形成和抗紫外线能力的作用及其机制。生物信息学分析表明,研究组前期利用比较基因组学发现的编码半乳糖-1-磷酸尿嘧啶转移酶(GalT,E.C.2.***.7.12)的BTXL6＿19475基因可能与Bt XL6生物被膜形成有关。BTXL6＿19475基因在大肠杆菌中的异源表达及其在体外的GalT酶活性检测证明该基因确实编码了GalT。通过galT基因敲除载体pMAD△19475ΩKm进行同源重组,构建了Bt XL6的galT基因敲除突变体Bt XL6△19475ΩKm。将低拷贝数质粒pHT304连接来自Bt XL6的BTXL6＿19475基因的启动子和ORF,构建活性恢复重组质粒pHT304△19475ΩKm::19475,转化galT基因敲除突变体Bt XL6△19475ΩKm,获得了galT基因活性恢复菌株Bt XL6△19475ΩKm::19475。将野生菌株Bt XL6与上述两种菌株进行生物被膜相关表型比较研究,结果表明:GalT促进了生物被膜的形成并增强了Bt XL6的UV-B抗性;GalT不影响Bt XL6的生长和细胞运动性,但它增加了D-核糖的产生并降低了Bt XL6的丙氨酸芳胺酶活性。我们推测了一个可能的调控通路图以阐明GalT如何通过增加Bt XL6的D-核糖产量和降低其丙氨酸芳胺酶活性来促进Bt生物被膜形成和增强UV-B抗性。我们的研究为有效利用生物被膜基因提高Bt抗紫外线能力,从而延长其田间持效期提供了理论基础。

关键词：苏云金芽胞杆菌生物农药 UV-B胁迫生物被膜 1-磷酸半乳糖尿苷转移酶 GalT

Chaotic Pigeon Inspired Optimization Technique for Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 6547-6561页

作者： Anwer Mustafa Hilal aisha Hassan Abdalla Hashim Sami Dhahbi Dalia H.Elkamchouchi Jaber S.alzahrani Mrim M.alnfiai Amira Sayed A.Aziz Abdelwahed Motwakel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia53100Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Computer and Self Development Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlKharjSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Science&Art at MahayilKing Khalid UniversitySaudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Industrial Engineering College of Engineering at AlqunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaifP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Digital Media Faculty of Computers and Information TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)interlink numerous Sensor Nodes(SN)to support Internet of Things(loT)*** the data gathered from SNs can be divulged,tempered,and *** WSN data processes manage the data in a centralized format at terminal *** devices are prone to attacks and the security of systems can get *** is a distributed and decentralized technique that has the ability to handle security issues in *** security issues include transactions that may be copied and spread across numerous nodes in a peer-peer network *** breaches the mutual trust and allows data immutability which in turn permits the network to go *** some instances,few nodes die or get compromised due to heavy power *** current article develops an Energy Aware Chaotic Pigeon Inspired Optimization based Clustering scheme for Blockchain assisted WSN technique abbreviated as EACPIO-CB *** primary objective of the proposed EACPIO-CB model is to proficiently group the sensor nodes into clusters and exploit Blockchain(BC)for inter-cluster communication in the *** select ClusterHeads(CHs)and organize the clusters,the presented EACPIO-CB model designs a fitness function that involves distinct input ***,BC technology enables the communication between one CH and the other and with the Base Station(BS)in the *** authors conducted comprehensive set of simulations and the outcomes were investigated under different *** simulation results confirmed the better performance of EACPIO-CB method over recent methodologies.

关键词： Blockchain wireless sensor networks clustering energy efficiency security data transmission

Magneto-hydrodynamic flow of squeezed fluid with binary chemical reaction and activation energy

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Journal of Central South University 2019年第5期26卷 1362-1373页

作者： S.AHMAD M.FAROOQ N.A.MIR aisha ANJUM M.JAVED Department of Mathematics and Statistics Riphah International University

The present exploration is conducted to describe the motion of viscous fluid embedded in squeezed channel under the applied magnetics *** processes of heat and mass transport incorporate the temperature-dependent binary chemical reaction with modified Arrhenius theory of activation energy function which is not yet disclosed for squeezing flow *** flow,heat and mass regime are exposed to be governed via dimensionless,highly non-linear,ordinary differential equations (ODEs) under no-slip walls boundary conditions.A well-tempered analytical convergent procedure is adopted for the solutions of boundary value problem.A detailed study is accounted through graphs in the form of flow velocity field,temperature and fluid concentration distributions for various emerging parameters of enormous ***-friction,Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been acquired and disclosed through *** results indicate that fluid temperature follows an increasing trend with dominant dimensionless reaction rate σ and activation energy parameter ***,an increment in σ and E parameters is found to decline in fluid *** current study arises numerous engineering and industrial processes including polymer industry,compression and injection shaping,lubrication system,formation of paper sheets,thin fiber,molding of plastic *** the area of chemical engineering,geothermal engineering,cooling of nuclear reacting,nuclear or chemical system,bimolecular reactions,biochemical process and electrically conducting polymeric flows can be controlled by utilizing magnetic *** by such applications,the proposed study has been developed.

关键词： squeezing flow magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) activation energy binary chemical reaction

Solution of Stochastic Cubic and Quintic Nonlinear Diffusion Equation Using WHEP, Pickard and HPM Methods

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Open Journal of Discrete Mathematics 2011年第1期1卷 6-21页

作者： Magdy A. El-Tawil aisha F. Fareed 不详

In this paper, the cubic and quintic diffusion equation under stochastic non homogeneity is solved using Wiener- Hermite expansion and perturbation (WHEP) technique, Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Pickard approximation technique. The analytic solution of the linear case is obtained using Eigenfunction expansion .The Picard approximation method is used to introduce the first and second order approximate solution for the non linear case. The WHEP technique is also used to obtain approximate solution under different orders and different corrections. The Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is also used to obtain some approximation orders for mean and variance. Using mathematica-5, the methods of solution are illustrated through figures, comparisons among different methods and some parametric studies.

关键词： Stochastic Diffusion Equations WHEP Technique HPM Method

Hapten design to prepare monoclonal antibodies and establishment of immunoassay for direct screening of oxamichydrazide in chicken,the metabolite of nifuraldezone

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One Health Advances 2023年第1期1卷 311-322页

作者： Ghulam Mujtaba Mari Weilin Wu aisha Talpur Jan Muhammad Shah Saqib ali Faiz Khand Erum Bughio Abdul Samad Zhanhui Wang Sergei A.Eremin Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Bio-SciencesShaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesSakrand 67210Pakistan National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food SafetyCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Veterinary Surgery and Obstructers Faculty of Veterinary SciencesShaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesSakrand 67210Pakistan Department of Poultry Production Faculty of Animal Production and TechnologyShaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesSakrand 67210Pakistan Department of Dairy Technology Faculty of Animal Production and TechnologyShaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesSakrand 67210Pakistan Department of Chemistry M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University119991 MoscowRussia

In this study,two novel haptens of oxamichydrazide(OXZ),the metabolite of nifuraldezone,were designed and synthesized by derivatization with ethyl-4-bromobutanoate and ethyl-2-bromoacetate for the first *** rationality of the haptens was enlightened by conformational alignment and electronic evaluations based on computional *** synthesized haptens were efficient in generating antibody response to OXZ.A monoclonal antibody(mAb)named 2D9 with high affinity was obtained and used to establish an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(icELISA)for the direct determination of OXZ in chicken samples without the need for derivatization *** optimum conditions,the developed icELISA showed an IC50 value of 0.66 ng mL^(−1),and limit of detection of 0.11μg kg^(−1)in *** average recoveries were found to be 80.4-91.3%with a coefficient of variation less than 9.0%.In conclusion,we have successfully desigened haptens,prepared mAbs and developed an immunoassay for the direct determination of OXZ in chicken samples without the need for a derivatization step for the first *** provides a potentially rapid,accurate,and sensitive screening tool for nifuraldezone residue in animal-derived food.

关键词： Nifuraldezone Oxamichydrazide Hapten design Monoclonal antibody icELISA Direct determination

Trichoderma-Induced Improvement in Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Proline, and Glutathione Levels in Cucurbita pepo Seedlings under Salt Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 473-486页

作者： Mona H.Soliman Taghreed S.alnusaire Nessreen FAbdelbaky aisha A.M.alayafi Mirza Hasanuzzaman Mohamed M.Rowezak Mohamed El-Esawi Amr Elkelish Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Biology Department College of ScienceJouf UniversitySakaka2014Saudi Arabia Biology Department Faculty of ScienceTaibah UniversityYanbu El-Bahr46429Saudi Arabia Desert Research Center Cairo11753Egypt Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of JeddahJeddah23218Saudi Arabia Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureSher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka1207Bangladesh Botany Department Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta31527Egypt Botany Department Faculty of ScienceSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia41522Egypt

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stress in ***,traditional approaches are not always efficient in conferring salt *** were conducted to understand the role of Trichoderma spp.(*** and ***)in growth,chlorophyll(Chl)synthesis,and proline accumulation of *** exposed to salinity *** were three salt stress(50,100,and 150 mM NaCl)lavels and three different Trichoderma inoculation ***,***,and ***+*** stress significantly declined the growth in terms of the shoot and root lengths;however,it was improved by the inoculation of Trichoderma *** inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited increased synthesis of pigments like chl a,chl b,carotenoids,and anthocyanins under normal *** was interesting to observe that such positive effects were maintained under salt-stressed conditions,as reflected by the amelioration of the salinity-mediated decline in growth,physiology and antioxidant *** inoculation of Trichoderma *** the synthesis of proline,glutathione,proteins and increased the relative water *** addition,Trichoderma inoculation increased membrane stability and reduced the generation of hydrogen ***,Trichoderma *** be exploited either individually or in combination to enhance the growth and physiology of *** under saline conditions.

关键词： Vegetable crop antioxidant proline NaCl Cucurbita plant-microbe interaction

Application of OHAM-DJ to the System of Burgers’ Equations

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2016年第3期6卷 212-223页

作者： Fatheah Ahmad alhendi Bothayna Saleh Kashkari aisha Abdullah alderremy Department of Mathematics King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia

In this paper, the system of Burgers’ equations is solved by the optimal homotopy asymptotic method with Daftardar-Jafari polynomials OHAM-DJ. Two numerical examples are illustrated the efficient of this methods for ... 详细信息

关键词： Burgers’ Equations The Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method Daftardar-Jafari Polynomials