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Steady-State Radial Flow Modeling through the Production Well in the Confined Aquifer of Monzoungoudo,Benin

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2019年第2期9卷 107-118页

作者： Francois de Paule Codo Babilas Hountondji Martin P.aina Laboratory for Water Sciences and Technology Department of Water and SanitationNational Water InstituteUniversity of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Physical Mathematics and Applications University of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin

This study aims to develop a mathematical analysis for one-dimensional modeling of a radial flow through a production well drilled in a confined aquifer, in the case of steady-state flow conditions. An analytical solution has derived from that expression for estimation of drawdowns according to different flowrates. Through that process, the evaluation of static pressure, the calculation of hydraulic charge due to the waterflow through the well is evaluated, the drawdowns curves are drawn and at last, the obtained curves are analyzed. The curves obtained for the different flow rates have an asymptotic direction, the axis of the hydraulic charges. The variation of the hydraulic charge depends on the radial distance for different flow rates. The P point, is a common point of all curves obtained for different production flowrates in the well. This point is where the well production flowrate is optimum for the optimal hydraulic charge.

关键词： Confined Aquifer Production Well Radial Flow Steady-State Flow Drawdown Cone of Depression

Misoprostol and the Sildenafil analog(PHAR-0099048)Modulate Cellular Efflux of cAMP and cGMP Differently

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第1期4卷 104-109页

作者： Elin Orvoll Roy A.Lysaa aina W.Ravna Georg Sager Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Medical BiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of TromsoTromsoNorway

In the present study we have characterized ATP-dependent transport of cAMP and cGMP in physiological, but also supraphysiological concentrations. The uptake into inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes could be dissected into two components with high and low affinity. The respective Km-values were 30.8 ± 5.2 and 352 ± 26 μM for cAMP and 2.6 ± 0.4 and 260 ± 15 μM for cGMP. The two cyclic nucleotides were unable to mutually inhibit cellular efflux for concentrations up to about 100 μM. At higher concentrations the inhibition curve showed a steep fall. The IC50-value for cAMP reduction of high affinity [3H]-cGMP transport was 695 ± 9 μM. The respective value for cGMP inhibition of [3H]-cAMP efflux was 284 ± 20 μM. These observations are compatible with two selective high affinity transport systems. Other endogenous substances such as prostaglandins did not discriminate between cyclic nucleotide transport. The IC50 values for inhibition of [3H]-cAMP and [3H]-cGMP were 4.1 and 4.2 μM for PGE1, 2.7 and 4.4 μM for PGE2, respectively. However, the prostaglandin analog misoprostol discriminated distinctly between cAMP and cGMP transport with respective IC50-values of 4.5 and 24 μM. The assumption that the specific PDE5-inhibitor sildenafil could distinguish between the two cyclic nucleotides was disproved with respective IC50 values of 3.8 and 2.9 μM for inhibition of [3H]-cAMP and [3H]-cGMP, respectively. However, at least one sildenafil analog (PHAR0099048) showed a clear difference with respective IC50 values of 2.0 and 0.52 μM. The other tested sildenafil analogs showed no or minor ability to discriminate with IC50 values of 0.16 and 0.17 μM for IS-39213, and 0.35 and 0.16 μM for IS-60049, respectively. In agreement with previous reports, the present study shows that proteins responsible for cyclic nucleotide transport are multiorganic anion pumps. However, the observation that drug analogs may discriminate between these two efflux systems makes them potential drug t

关键词： ABC-Transporters cAMP cGMP Misoprostol Sildenafil

Neuroprotective effects of G9a inhibition through modulation of peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor gamma-dependent pathways by miR-128

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2532-2542页

作者： aina Bellver-Sanchis Pedro AAvila-López Iva Tic David Valle-García Marta Ribalta-Vilella Luis Labrador Deb Ranjan Banerjee Ana Guerrero Gemma Casadesus Coralie Poulard Mercè Pallàs Christian Grinán-Ferré Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry Institut de Neurociències-Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Institute of Biotechnology National Autonomous University of MexicoCuernavacaMexico Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Health Science Center-University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology DurgapurM G AvenueDurgapurWest BengalIndia Cancer Research Cancer Lyon Universitéde LyonLyonFrance Inserm U1052 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonLyonFrance CNRS UMR5286 Centre de Recherche en Cancérlogie de LyonLyonFrance Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain Neuroimmunology Department National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery“Manuel Velasco Suárez”Mexico CityMexico

Dysregulation of G9a,a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase,has been observed in Alzheimer’s disease and has been correlated with increased levels of chronic inflammation and oxidative ***,microRNAs are involved in many biological processes and diseases playing a key role in pathogenesis,especially in multifactorial diseases such as Alzheimer’s ***,our aim has been to provide partial insights into the interconnection between G9a,microRNAs,oxidative stress,and *** better understand the biology of G9a,we compared the global microRNA expression between senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8(SAMP8)control mice and SAMP8 treated with G9a inhibitor *** found a downregulation of miR-128 after a G9a inhibition treatment,which interestingly binds to the 3′untranslated region(3′-UTR)of peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor γ(PPARG)***,Pparg gene expression levels were higher in the SAMP8 group treated with G9a inhibitor than in the SAMP8 control *** also observed modulation of oxidative stress responses might be mainly driven Pparg after G9a *** confirm these antioxidant effects,we treated primary neuron cell cultures with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidative *** this setting,treatment with G9a inhibitor increases both cell survival and antioxidant ***,up-regulation of PPARγby G9a inhibitor could also increase the expression of genes involved in DNA damage responses and *** addition,we also described that the PPARγ/AMPK axis partially explains the regulation of autophagy markers ***,PPARγ/GADD45αpotentially contributes to enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis after G9a ***,we propose that pharmacological inhibition of G9a leads to a neuroprotective effect that could be due,at least in part,by the modulation of PPARγ-dependent pathways by miR-128.

关键词： aging cognitive decline epigenetics G9a inhibition microRNAs miR-128 peroxisome-proliferator activator receptorγ(PPARγ) PPARG SAMP8

Pollution Tolerance of Smoke in the Distribution of Neurotransmitter Enzyme (Acetylcholine Esterase) and Total Cholesterol in Tissues of Wistar Rats

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2010年第4期1卷 475-479页

作者： A. C. Achudume F. aina B. Onibere 不详

This study was designed to assess total animal exposure to non-occupational but environmentally induced smoke through short-term landfill burning toxicity tests at the biochemical levels. Exposure to municipal land-fill burning using rat model focused primarily on inhalation exposure. The environmental monitoring consisted of 60 days exposure to refuse burning by evaluating the level of protein concentrations, neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholine esterase (Ache), and total cholesterol in different tissues of Wistar rats. Protein concentrations tended to decrease in the brain, liver and kidney and slightly increased in the plasma while acetylcholine esterase decreased in brain and liver and increased in the kidney. The non-depletion in total cholesterol levels in the tissues tended to be due to active mobilization towards tissue metabolism. The data were sufficient to support risk assessment for human.

关键词： Municipal Land-Fill Smoke Pollutants Acetylcholine Esterase Total Cholesterol

Glasscock-Shambaugh Surgery of the Ear 5th ed.

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Spatio-Temporal Variability of Rainfall and Temperature and Their Effects on Pasture Variability over East Africa: Implication on the Cattle Grazing Areas

2003年

作者： Glasscock Michael E. Gulya aina J.

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 54-69页

作者： Natiko Peter Wang Wen Nyasulu Matthews Raharivelo Sitraka Ny aina Alupot Donnata School of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China Uganda National Meteorological Authority Directorate of Station Networks Department of Instruments and Installations Kampala Uganda School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China

Understanding the spatiotemporal variability of climatic parameters and their effects on pasture variability is vital for pasture management interventions over East Africa. The present study aims to assess the spatial-temporal variability of rainfall, temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (which is being used to assess pasture quality and productivity) over the region, between the period of 1982 and 2019. This study used annual mean values for rainfall, temperature and NDVI which were calculated for the period mentioned above. NDVI was derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Area Cover (GAC) (NOAA-07-GAC) data. The rainfall data was acquired from the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) while temperature is ERA5 reanalysis data sourced from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The study utilized the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) to identify patterns and dominant relationships between the climate variables. The correlation was calculated between rainfall, temperature and NDVI to assess the relationship among them. A non-parametric Mann-Kendall trends test was used to determine whether annual precipitation, temperature and NDVI had statistically increasing or decreasing trend. Results revealed a positive correlation between rainfall and NDVI while a negative correlation between NDVI and temperature. Positive correlation between rainfall and NDVI indicates that pasture health (quality and productivity), will improve accordingly. A negative correlation between temperature and NDVI indicates that pasture health will decrease with increase in temperature while improving with decreasing temperature. Outcome from this study suggests that changes in climatic variables influence the distribution of pasture in East Africa’s cattle grazing areas. The study hence recommends prioritisation of climatic (weather) information during pasture management over East A

关键词： NDVI Climatic Parameters EOF Pasture East Africa

Thermal Indices Influence on Occupants’ Window Opening Behaviours: A Case of Ibadan and Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

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Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research 2021年第1期4卷 18-27页

作者： Ayinla Abdulrasaq Kunle Adebisi Ilelabayo Ismail Olaoye Olubunmi Adedayo aina Emmanuel Oloruntoba Department of Architecture Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomosoNigeria Department of Architectural Technology Osun state polytechnicIreeOsun StateNigeria Department of Architecture University of IlorinIlorinKwara StateNigeria

Window opening operations are considered as one of the significant way of regulating indoor climate and maintaining thermal comfort in buildings,even when alternative active devices such as fans and air conditioners are *** study investigates responses of occupants of the traditional core areas of Ibadan and Ogbomoso to thermal comfort conditions(thermal stress)through window opening *** data of the two cities were subjected to Evans scale to predict their day and night thermal stress and questionnaires were administered to know how occupants respond to changing thermal conditions through window opening *** and inferential statistics were used in analysing the *** study found the morning periods to be the most comfortable,the afternoon periods offer the most hot discomfort condition and cold discomfort is mostly experienced in the evening periods in both *** revealed that majority of occupants in both cities prefer to keep their windows opened in the morning and afternoon periods and an increase was observed in the numbers of occupants who prefer to keep their windows closed in the evening *** is an indication that building occupants in both cities actively respond to thermal stress using window opening *** obtained from chi square analysis concluded that there is a significant relationship between occupants’window opening behaviour and thermal conditions at different periods of the day in both *** were given on how to improve on window opening systems in the future.

关键词： Thermal stress Thermal indexes Thermal comfort Indoor comfort Window opening operations Traditional core areas

Hydraulic properties and drought response of a tropical bamboo (Cephalostachyum pergracile)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 406-415页

作者： Wanwalee Kongjarat Lu Han Amy Ny aina Aritsara Shu-Bin Zhang Gao-Juan Zhao Yong-Jiang Zhang Phisamai Maenpuen Ying-Mei Li Yi-Ke Zou Ming-Yi Li Xue-Nan Li Lian-Bin Tao Ya-Jun Chen CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnan 666303China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China T-STAR Core Team Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnan 666303China School of Biology and Ecology University of MaineOronoMEUSA Climate Change Institute University of MaineOronoME 04469USA School of Biological and Chemical Science Pu’er UniversityXueyuan RoadYunnan 665000China Institute of Ecology and Geobotany School of Ecology and Environmental SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China School of Ecology and Environment Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnan 650224China Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYuanjiangYunnan 653300China

Bamboo plants are an essential component of tropical ecosystems,yet their vulnerability to climate extremes,such as drought,is poorly understood due to limited knowledge of their hydraulic *** pergracile,a commonly used tropical bamboo species,exhibited a substantially higher mortality rate than other co-occurring bamboos during a severe drought event in 2019,but the underlying mechanisms remain *** study investigated the leaf and stem hydraulic traits related to drought responses,including leaf-stem embolism resistance(P50leaf;P50stem) estimated using optical and X-ray microtomography methods,leaf pressure-volume and water-releasing ***,we investigated the seasonal water potentials,native embolism level(PLC) and xylem water source using stable *** found that *** exhibited strong resistance to embolism,showing low P50leaf,P50stem,and turgor loss point,despite its rapid leaf water ***,its leaves displayed greater resistance to embolism than its stem,suggesting a lack of effective hydraulic vulnerability segmentation(HVS) to protect the stem from excessive xylem *** the dry season,approximately 49% of the water was absorbed from the upper 20-cm-deep soil ***,significant diurnal variation in leaf water potentials and an increase in midday PLC from 5.87±2.33% in the wet season to 12.87±4.09%in the dry season were *** summary,this study demonstrated that the rapid leaf water loss,high reliance on surface water,and a lack of effective HVS in *** accelerated water depletion and increased xylem embolism even in the typical dry season,which may explain its high mortality rate during extreme drought events in 2019.

关键词： Climate change Drought Hydraulic safety Hydraulic vulnerability segmentation Stable isotope Tree mortality

Gut bless you:The microbiota-gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第4期28卷 412-431页

作者： Eline Margrete Randulff Hillestad aina van der Meeren Bharat Halandur Nagaraja Ben RenéBjørsvik Noman Haleem Alfonso Benitez-Paez Yolanda Sanz Trygve Hausken Gülen Arslan Lied Arvid Lundervold Birgitte Berentsen Department of Clinical Medicine University of BergenBergen 5021Norway National Center for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Department of MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergen 5021Norway Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center Department of RadiologyHaukeland University HospitalBergen 5021Norway Host-Microbe Interactions in Metabolic health Laboratory Principe Felipe Research CenterValencia 46012Spain Microbial Ecology Nutrition and Health Research UnitInstitute of Agrochemistry and Food TechnologyNational Research CouncilPaterna-Valencia 46980Spain Center for Nutrition Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergen 5021Norway Department of Biomedicine University of BergenBergen 5021Norway

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common clinical label for medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms,recently described as a disturbance of the microbiota-gut-brain *** decades of research,the pathophysiology of this highly heterogeneous disorder remains ***,a dramatic change in the understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms surfaced when the importance of gut microbiota protruded the scientific *** we getting any closer to understanding IBS’etiology,or are we drowning in unspecific,conflicting data because we possess limited tools to unravel the cluster of secrets our gut microbiota is concealing?In this comprehensive review we are discussing some of the major important features of IBS and their interaction with gut microbiota,clinical microbiota-altering treatment such as the low FODMAP diet and fecal microbiota transplantation,neuroimaging and methods in microbiota analyses,and current and future challenges with big data analysis in IBS.

关键词： Microbiota Neurogastroenterology Irritable bowel syndrome Microbiotagut-brain axis Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging Machine learning Big data analysis