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Competition between Coral and Algae in Tertiary and Quaternary Reefs: Greenhouse to Icehouse Transitions

Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第1期15卷 94-107页

作者： Belkasim Khameiss Richard Fluegeman William Hoyt Shawn Malone ahmed muftah Kansas Geological Survey Lawrence USA Department of Earth Sciences University of Benghazi Faculty of Science Benghazi Libya Department of Environment Geology and Natural Resources Ball State University Muncie USA Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Northern Colorado Greeley USA Department of Geosciences University of Wisconsin—Green Bay Green Bay USA

The competition between coral and algae in marine reefs is pervasive through geologic time;that competition determines the structure and composition of reef communities, which we see in the fossil record. However, the relationships between coral and calcareous algae in reefs are poorly understood. To study this relationship, several hand samples and thin sections were examined from nine different foralgal reef localities around the world. Foralgal reefs typically extend from about 20 m depth or shallower on the seaward side of the reef. The first section is Salt Mountain, Alabama, which preserves a Paleocene reef. It contains a high percentage of red coralline algae with benthic foraminifera. The second section is IDOP-U1376, IIA Limestone, it is Middle Eocene, in the form of an isolated reef sandwiched between two igneous beds. The third section is the Utoe’ Limestone, New Caledonia, it is Middle Eocene in age and is composed mainly of grain-boundstone units with some igneous interlayered. The fourth section is the Darnah Formation in the West-Darnah roadcut section, Northeast Libya, it is Middle Eocene in age, it is composed of highly fossiliferous limestone (corals, red coralline algae, echinoids, mollusks, foraminifers, and bryozoans). The fifth section, the Al Bayda Formation (Algal Limestone Member) in Northeast Libya, is in the Drayanah—Al Abyar roadcut, Northeast Libya, it has several species of algae but also includes a high percentage of buildups of coral species. The sixth section is the Oligo-Miocene Al Faidiyah Formation (Al Fatayah Cement Quarry) limestone unit in Northeast Libya. The seventh section is (Core-core 20) late-early to middle Miocene Limestone Unit-Cicuco Field, NW Colombia. The eighth section is the Benghazi Formation at Benghazi Cement Quarry, in Northeast Libya, it is fossiliferous limestone, consisting of coral, algae, mollusks, and echinoids. The ninth and tenth sections are Quaternary reefs in the Bahamas and the Florida Keys, respec

关键词： Utoe’ Limestone New Caledonia Benghazi Formation at Benghazi Cement Quarry Is IDOP-U1376 IIA Limestone It Is Middle Eocene

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Competition between Coral and Algae in Tertiary and Quaternary Reefs: Greenhouse to Icehouse Transitions

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Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2024年第1期

作者： Belkasim Khameiss Richard Fluegeman William Hoyt Shawn Malone ahmed muftah

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Recent Foraminifers from Oman Coast

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2015年第3期4卷 137-142页

作者： Abdul Razak Siddiq A1-Sayigh Moza Muhanna A1 Jahdhami ahmed Mohamed muftah Department of Earth Sciences College of Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat 132 Sultanate of Oman Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Benghazi Benghazi 9480 Libya

This study presents the first documentation work on recent benthic foraminifers of Oman coasts, especially of the northern part of Sultanate at Sawadi and the southern part at Janoof Tidal Creek near Taqah-Salalah beach. Eleven samples were collected from both localities. Twenty-nine species of benthonic Foraminifera belonging to 20 genera are retrieved, identified and illustrated herein. The study areas show the interaction in land and sea. Lagoons with normal marine hypersaline inhabited with sea grass and Mangrove-swamps. Mainly calcareous porcellaneous and hyaline walled foraminifers are abundant. Environmentally, the Janoof Tidal Creek shows better condition than Sawadi Tidal Creek as reflected by the more diverse and high abundance of foraminiferal taxa at the former locality. Both water bodies are free of toxic-heavy elements as evidenced by the lack of any abnormal foraminiferal test.

关键词： Mangrove foraminifera tidal creek sawadi muscat.

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A Preliminary Documentation of the Coral Reefs from Libya

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第4期6卷 260-269页

作者： Belkasim Khameiss William Hoyt Saad K. El Ebaidi ahmed M. muftah James Klaus Ann Budd Department of Geological Sciences Ball State University Muncie IN USA Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Northern Colorado Greeley CO USA Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Benghazi Benghazi Libya Department of Geological Science University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Department of Geoscience University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA

Corals studies in Libya are very limited, although they play an important role in the oil exploration as they form excellent reservoirs of coral reef buildups at some oil fields of Sirt Basin (e.g. Intisar “Idris” and Sahabi Fields). Both fields are produced from Paleocene coral reefs. Meanwhile, in Cyrenaica, corals are of less importance as they are not reported in subsurface tertiary rocks, which probably in the environmental settings of these sediments out of the core of reef as occurred in the surface. Meanwhile, corals are reported from older (Jurassic) subsurface successions as in Concession NC-152, but the cementation diagenesis leads to blocking and destroying the porosity. This study presents the first surface documentation work of eight scleractinian coral species from the exposed sediments in northern Libya, where sixtaxa is reported from Al Jabal al Akhdar region, these include a) an association of huge colonies of Caulastrea sp. and Stylophora sp., from the Middle Eocene Darnah Formation at West Darnah road cut section. Theco-existence of the fastCaulastrea sp. with the slow Stylophora sp. is due to the competition strategy;b) Antiguastrea sp. which is reported from the Oligocene Algal Limestone of Al Bayda Formation at Daryanah-Abyar Roadcut section;c) Cyphastrea sp. andAleveopora sp. from Oligo-Miocene Al Faidiyah Formation at Al Fatayah cement quarry and d) Tarbellastraea sp. From Middle Miocene Benghazi Formation at Benghazi Cement Quarry. In addition, two species Astraeaopora sp. and Actinacis paroraiare reported from the Upper Miocene sediments of formation “M” in As Sahabi area.

关键词： Cyrenaica Corals Benghazi Cement Quarry Persististrombus coronatus

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