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Growth,yield and water productivity of dry direct seeded rice and transplanted aromatic rice under different irrigation management regimes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第11期19卷 2656-2673页

作者： Muhammad Ishfaq Nadeem Akbar Shakeel ahmed Anjum Muhammad Anwar-Ul-haq Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Plant Science University of CaliforniaCalifornia 95616-8780USA Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan

Sustainability of traditionally cultivated rice in the rice-wheat cropping zone(RWCZ)of Pakistan is dwindling due to the high cost of production,declining water resources and escalating labour ***,farmers and researchers are compelled to find promising alternatives to traditional transplanted rice(TPR).A field study was conducted in Punjab,Pakistan,in 2017 and 2018 to explore the trade-offs between water saving and paddy yield,water productivity and economics of two aromatic rice varieties under dry direct seeded rice(DDSR)and *** experiment was comprised of three irrigation regimes on the basis of soil moisture tension(SMT)viz.,continuous flooded(>–10 kPa SMT),alternate wetting and drying(AWD)(–20 kPa SMT)and aerobic rice(–40 kPa SMT),maintained under TPR and DDSR *** aromatic rice verities:Basmati-515 and Chenab Basmati-2016 were used during both years of *** both years,DDSR produced higher yields(13–18%)and reduced the total water inputs(8–12%)in comparison to *** comparison to traditional continuous flooded(CF),AWD under DDSR reduced total water input by 27–29%and improved the leaf area index(LAI),tillering,yield(7–9%),and water productivity(44–50%).The performance of AWD with regard to water savings and increased productivity was much higher in DDSR system as compared to AWD in TPR *** of DDSR with aerobic irrigation improved water savings(49–55%)and water productivity(22–30%)at the expense of paddy yield reduction(36–39%)and spikelet *** regard to variety,the highest paddy yield(6.6 and 6.7 t ha–1)was recorded in DDSR using Chenab Basmati-2016 under AWD irrigation threshold that attributed to high tiller density and *** economic analysis showed DDSR as more beneficial rice establishment method than TPR with a high benefit-cost ratio(BCR)when the crop was irrigated with AWD irrigation *** results highlighted that with the use of short duration varieties,DDSR cultivation in conjunction wit

关键词： rice establishment aerobic alternate wetting and drying water input tillering yield

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Negative cross-resistance of a pyrethroid-resistant Drosophila mutant to Phryma leptostachya-derived haedoxan A

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 817-826页

作者： Xingtao Qie Yuzhe Du ahmed A.A.Aioub Ke Dong Zhaonong Hu Institution of Pesticide Science College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province YanglingShaanxi 712100China Southern Insect Management Research Unit Agriculture Research ServiceUnited States Department of Agriculture141 Experiment Station RoadStonevilleMS 38776USA Plant Protection Department Faculty of AgricultureZagazig UniversityZagazig44511 Egypt Department of Biology Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Voltage-gated sodium channels are the primary target of pyrethroid *** in sodium channel confer knockdown resistance(kdr)to pyrethroids in various arthropod *** A(ha)is the major insecticidal component from Phryma *** has been shown that ha alters electrical responses at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction and modifies the gating properties of cockroach sodium channels expressed in Xenopus ***,whether sodium channel mutations that confer pyrethroid resistance also affect the action of ha is *** this study,we conducted bioassays using ha and permethrin in two Drosophila melanogaster strains:w^(1118),an insecticide-susceptible strain,and para^(tsl),a pyrethroid-resistant strain due to a I265N mutation in the sodium channel,and identified a new case of negative cross-resistance(NCR)between permethrin and *** para^(tsl) larvae and adults were more resistant to permethrin,as ***,both para^(tsl) larvae and adults were more sensitive to ha compared to w^(1118).We confirmed that the I265N mutation reduced the sensitivity to permethrin of a Drosophila sodium channel variant,DmNa_(v)22,expressed in Xenopus ***,the I265N mutation also abolished the effect of ha on sodium *** characterization showed that I265 on the sodium channels is critical for the action of both pyrethroids and ha on sodium channels,pointing to an overlapping mode of action between pyrethroids and ha on the sodium ***,our results suggest an I265N-independnt mechanism(s)in para^(tsl) flies that is responsible for the NCR between permethrin and ha at the whole insect level.

关键词： botanical insecticide haedoxan A insecticidal mechanism negative crossresistance permethrin voltage-gated sodium channel

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Route Optimization in Mobile Networks with Cache Assistance (RoMoNeCA)

Route Optimization in Mobile Networks with Cache Assistance ...

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作者： Sahibzada ahmed Noor 北京邮电大学

学位级别：硕士

随着Internet的迅猛发展,因特网已经深入社会和人们的日常生活中。IP协议的出现使得人们可以通过静态方式接入因特网。伴随技术发展,移动IP(MobileIP)越来越受到人们的关注。传统的移动IP只针对单个节点,当前人们正在扩展移动IP从而支...

随着Internet的迅猛发展,因特网已经深入社会和人们的日常生活中。IP协议的出现使得人们可以通过静态方式接入因特网。伴随技术发展,移动IP(MobileIP)越来越受到人们的关注。传统的移动IP只针对单个节点,当前人们正在扩展移动IP从而支持网络移动性(Network Mobility,NEMO)。移动IP对不同的接入技术(WLAN,cellular,broadcast access)提供统一的网络层支持。随着技术进步,节点移动性研究已经向前迈进一大步形成NEMO。所谓NEMO是指一组节点(例如火车、汽车、飞机内部的人员)以子网的方式在移动中接入因特网。NEMO可以保证IP子网在移动的过程中子网内部节点正在进行的会话的连续性。移动的IP子网(mobile network)通过移动路由器(Mobile Router,MR)连接到因特网。这些移动的IP子网可以是由附着在MR上的单个本地节点组成的非嵌套网络,或者是内部嵌套多个IP子网的嵌套网络等。移动网络的不同网络拓扑带来一系列问题,而这些问题在单个节点移动性的研究中并没有出现,这也导致IETF专门成立NEMO工作组。该工作组的主要任务是提出对移动IPV6协议的扩展,从而解决NEMO及其相关问题。实验表明现存的移动IPV6协议无法给移动网络的内部节点转发数据包。本地代理(Home Agent)无法封装要转发给移动网络节点(MNN)的数据包。这是因为从本地代理角度看,ha-MR隧道是节点专用信道而非网络专用信道,因此本地代理只能发现隧道另一端的MR,而无法看到附着在该路由器上的节点。随着个人局域网(PAN)、车域网(CAN)、团体区域网(BAN)的出现以及传统的运输系统需要大量访问因特网,节点移动性协议已经无法满足实际需要,支持NEMO的相关协议呼之欲出。 NEMO基础支持协议(NBS)的提出解决了一组节点作为一个单元的移动接入互联网问题。这个单元称为移动IP子网或移动网络(Mobile Network),一个或多个MR处理来自或到达移动网络的通信。移动网络内部的节点称为移动网络节点(MNN),这些节点包括本地固定节点(LFN’s)、本地移动节点(LMN’s)以及外部的访问移动节点(VMN’s)。这些外部访问移动节点可以是单个移动IPV6节点,也可以是拥有多个MNN的MR。后者称为嵌套移动网络,所谓嵌套网络是指一个移动网络存在于另一个移动网络中。在嵌套移动网络中,被接入的MR称为上行流MR,接入的MR称为下行流MR。嵌套网络中的最顶层MR称为父MR,其下的所有MR称为子MR。不包含任何子网络的移动网络的嵌套等级为1,因此嵌套等级2表明一个小的移动网络嵌套在一个大的移动网络的内部。每个MR都有唯一的IP地址进行标示,称为本地地址,其在家乡链路上都有一个本地代理或称家乡代理(Home Agent,ha)。ha负责MR发送的数据在家乡网络的传递,它存储对应的MR的本地地址。当MR访问外部网络时,外部网络向MR提供一个转发地址(CoA),MR将转发地址与本地地址绑定,这种绑定称为绑定更新(BU)。MR将绑定更新发送给ha,ha将绑定更新的内容存储在绑定缓存中。接着ha向MR发送绑定确认,当成功完成该绑定过程后,MR与对应的ha之间的MR-ha隧道建立完成。此后所有发往移动网络的数据包首先由ha截取,通过添加标有转发地址的外部IP头进行封装,接着通过ha-MR隧道到达当前MR的转发地址。与进入移动网络的数据包相似,所有从移动网络的数据包同样需要经过MR添加IP头进行封装,然后通过ha-MR“双向隧道”传输。根据NEMO基础支持协议,所有在MR和对应节点(CN)之间通信的数据包都需要经过“双向隧道”传输。然而当MR和CN距离很近,却远离ha时,这可能导致长的路由以及大的包传输时延,影响服务质量。此外,长的路由路径将给路由网络增添额外的负载,从而增大链路中断的概率。每当数据包经由“双向隧道”时需要添加额外的IPV6路由头,这增大数据包的尺寸进而降低整体的带宽利用率,而且如果包尺寸超过链路的最大传输单元限制,需要拆分数据包从而增大包时延。此外,节点的封装处理同样也增大包的传输时延。根据NEMO基础支持协议,所有发自移动网络的流量都需要经由家乡链路到达目的地,这可能导致拥塞(瓶颈效应)。一旦家乡链路出现故障将导致所有进出移动网络的通信中断。由于担心流氓用户可能通过“双向隧道”向家乡网络发动攻击,安全策略阻止MR传输访问移动网络向家乡网络发送的流量。在嵌套网络中,如果两个移动通信节点需要通信,则所有的数据包都需要通过所有的上行流MR和对应的ha,这既增大包头同时也导致大的包传输时延。换一种情形,如果某个ha嵌套在某个移动网络中,则死循坏发生。MR无法找到其对应的ha进而无法建立“

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Spatial and temporal analysis of forest cover change in Falgore Game Reserve in Kano, Nigeria

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 109-121页

作者： Muhammad Sabiu Suleiman Oliver Vivian Wasonga Judith Syombua Mbau Yazan ahmed Elhadi Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of NairobiP.O.Box 29053Loresho RidgeNairobiKenya

Introduction:Multi-temporal land-use and land-cover data provides a historical vehicle for determining and evaluating long-term trends in bio-physical ***-use and land-cover assessment and mapping is one of the most useful applications of geographic information system(GIS)for planning,management,and *** study analyses the spatio-temporal pattern of forest cover dynamics for three decades in Falgore Game Reserve in Kano,*** dynamics of forest cover transition during 1985–2015 was analysed using multi-temporal Landsat ***:The spatio-temporal analysis shows that moderate woodland dominated in 1985(46%)and 2005(57%)but was replaced by open woodland in 2015 which accounts for 58%of the total area of Falgore Game Reserve(FGR)*** woodland occupied the least area of the total forest estate that varied between 17%in 1985 and 1%in *** results indicate that dense woodland,moderate woodland,and very open woodland were decreased at annual average rate of 3,1,and 0.4%.Open woodland had expanded from 21,127 ha in 1985 to 53,392 ha in *** main drivers of forest resource degradation in the area were found to be excessive fuelwood collection,overgrazing,agricultural expansion,and forest ***:These findings suggest that protection strategies employed in FGR were not effective as deforestation is still evident in the *** and environmental based NGOs should therefore prioritize effective and efficient conservation strategy for present and future use of forest resources,in addition to the provision of alternative livelihood sources to communities proximate to the *** will ensure the socio-economic well-being of the locals and sustainable conservation of biological diversity in the area.

关键词： Forest Trend Game reserve Falgore Degradation

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Modeling the effects of rainfall on vehicular traffic

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2018年第2期26卷 133-146页

作者： Etikaf Hussain Syed Imran ahmed Mir Shabbar Ali Civil Engineering Department NED University of Engineering & Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture NED University of Engineering & Technology

Traffic management and drainage system are two vital issues for any metropolitan city. Like other big cities, Karachi is also facing problems due to lack of traffic management and poor drainage system. The main objective of the study is to model the interdisciplinary issues of storm water and its effect on the traffic of Karachi. The specific objectives are （1） to calibrate and validate urban hydraulic and traffic micro-simulation models and （2） to model storm water and traffic for future conditions. This study is carried out on a 3-km section of arterial road. In this study, loose coupling of two models is done. For urban drainage, PCSWMM, and for traffic, VISSIM is used. Both models are calibrated for an existing situation on rainfall event of August 3, 2013, and then used for prediction of future scenario based on 50-year and 100-year return periods of rainfall. Sensitivity analysis of VISSIM is performed. Locations and lengths of road sections, where ponding happens for the future scenario, are identified using PCSWMM. These lengths axe then marked in VISSIM as low-speed areas, and delays are measured. Analysis of PCSWMM shows that for 100-year return period, there is maximum 0.318 ha-m （3180 cubic meters） water stored in the depressions of the road after 10 h of rainfall. Analysis of VISSIM shows that for a 100-year return period, there is a maximum delay of 35 min on NIPA to hasan Square section of University Road.

关键词： Traffic micro-simulation Hydraulic modeling Rainfall Delays Ponding

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Phenotypic appearance of central retinal vein occlusion post AstraZeneca vaccine

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第4期15卷 672-673页

作者： Peter Cackett Rinoza Bafiq ahmed Ali Su Ling Young Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion NHS LothianEdinburgh EH39HAUnited Kingdom University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH 164SBUnited Kingdom

Dear Editor, The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about the development of novel vaccines at a rapid pace. The Astra Zeneca(AZ) COVID-19 adenovirus vector vaccine has been associated with thrombotic complications, the mo... 详细信息

关键词： vaccine cerebral occlusion

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Analysing the relationship between drought and soil erosion using vegetation health index and RUSLE models in Godavari middle sub-basin,India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 21-33页

作者： Md Masroor haroon Sajjad Sufia Rehman Roshani Singh Md Hibjur Rahaman Mehebub Sahana Raihan ahmed Ram Avtar Department of Geography Faculty of Natural SciencesJamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiIndia School of Environment Education and Development(SEED)University of ManchesterUnited Kingdom Graduate School of Environment Earth Science Hokkaido UniversityJapan

Drought is a natural phenomenon posing severe implications for soil,groundwater and agricultural *** has been recognized as one of the most pervasive global change drivers to affect the *** being a weakly renewable resource takes a long time to form,but it takes no time to ***,the response of soil to drought conditions as soil loss is not manifested in the existing ***,this study makes a concerted effort to analyze the relationship between drought conditions and soil erosion in the middle sub-basin of the Godavari River in *** remote sensing data was utilized for driving drought indices during ***,we constricted Temperature condition index(TCI)and Vegetation Condition Index(VCI)from Land Surface Temperature(LST)and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)derived from MODIS *** and VCI were then integrated to determine the Vegetation Health Index(VHI).Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)was utilized for estimating soil *** relationship between drought condition and vegetation was ascertained using the Pearson *** of the northern and southern watersheds experienced severe drought condition in the sub-basin *** mean frequency of the drought occurrence was 7.95 *** average soil erosion in the sub-basin was estimated to be 9.88 t ha^(-1)year^(-1).A positive relationship was observed between drought indices and soil erosion values(r value being 0.35).However,wide variations were observed in the distribution of spatial *** various factors,the slope length and steepness were found to be the main drivers of soil erosion in the ***,the study calls for policy measures to lessen the impact of drought and soil erosion.

关键词： Drought vulnerability Soil erosion RUSLE Vegetation Health Index(VHI) Godavari middle sub-basin

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Improving CNN-BGRU Hybrid Network for Arabic handwritten Text Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5385-5397页

作者： Sofiene haboubi Tawfik Guesmi Badr M Alshammari Khalid Alqunun ahmed S Alshammari haitham Alsaif hamid Amiri Signals Images and Information Technologies Lab.University of Tunis El Manar National Engineering School of TunisBP 37 Le BelvedereTunis1002Tunisia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il2440Saudi Arabia

handwriting recognition is a challenge that interests many researchers around the *** an exception,handwritten Arabic script has many objectives that remain to be overcome,given its complex form,their number of forms which exceeds 100 and its cursive *** the past few years,good results have been obtained,but with a high cost of memory and execution *** this paper we propose to improve the capacity of bidirectional gated recurrent unit(BGRU)to recognize Arabic *** advantages of using BGRUs is the execution time compared to other methods that can have a high success rate but expensive in terms of time *** test the recognition capacity of BGRU,the proposed architecture is composed by 6 convolutional neural network(CNN)blocks for feature extraction and 1 BGRU+2 dense layers for learning and *** experiment is carried out on the entire database of institut für nachrichtentechnik/ecole nationale d’ingénieurs de Tunis(IFN/ENIT)without any preprocessing or data *** obtained results show the ability of BGRUs to recognize handwritten Arabic script.

关键词： Arabic handwritten script handwritten text recognition deep learning IFN/ENIT bidirectional GRU neural network

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Revisiting development potential of riverain sunt(Acacia nilotica) forest reserves-A case study in Sinnar State,Sudan

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第2期14卷 165-168页

作者： Mohammed Zien ahmed NASSRELDDIN WU Bin ZhaNG Yu-qing School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083PR.China Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Sinnar UniversitySinnar 11174Sudan

The present study is an attempt to find a solution central authoritarian forest services in Sinnar State, Sudan for the forest management conflicts existing between local people and the Sinnar was purposely selected as a study area because 9% （496.4×103 ha） of the forest reserve area of the entire country is located in this state. A comprehensive survey consisting of field observations, questionnaires and interviews was carried out specifically in the Alsabonabi area for its heterogeneous local community. The results show that the existing management system of the sunt forest reserve （the Alumbwa forest） has failed to support the local people, both residents and semi-nomads. Hence, the present study proposes a series of strategic and organizational changes in order to help in showing the way for integrated and participatory forest resource management and improving the welfare of all impoverished rural communities.

关键词： riverain sunt semi-nomads forest resource management Sudan

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Synthesis of molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide composites for effective removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions

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Science Bulletin 2017年第13期62卷 913-922页

作者： Yi Du Jian Wang Yidong Zou Wen Yao Jing Hou Liangshu Xia Anguo Peng ahmed Alsaedi Tasawar hayat Xiangke Wang College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China NAAM Research Group Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary SciencesSoochow University

In this work, a facile method was adopted to synthesize molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide （MoS2/rGO） composites through an c-cysteine-assisted hydrothermal technique, The as-prepared MoS2/ rGO composites were firstly applied as adsorbents for efficient elimination of Pb（Ⅱ） ions. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） on MoS2/rGO followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） was intensely pH-dependent, ionic strength-dependent at pH 〈 9.0 and ionic strength-independent at pH 〉 9,0, The presence of humic acid （ha） enhanced Pb（Ⅱ） adsorption obviously. The MoS2/rGO composites exhibited excellent adsorption capacity of 384.16 mg g 1 at pH 5.0 and T = 298.15 K, which was superior to MOS2 （279.93 mg g 1） and many other adsorbents. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption process of Pb（Ⅱ） on MoS2/rGO composites was spontaneous （zSG＂〈 O） and endothermic （△H 〉 0）. The interaction of Pb（Ⅱ） and MoS2] rGO was mainly dominated by electrostatic attraction and surface comple^ation between Pb（Ⅱ） and oxygen-containing functional groups of MoS2]rGO. This work highlighted the application of MoS21rGO as novel and promising materials in the efficient elimination of Pb（Ⅱ） from contaminated water and industrial effluents in environmental pollution management.

关键词： Molybdenum disulfideReduced graphene oxideMoS2/rGO compositesAdsorptionPb(Ⅱ)

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